(Redirected from Low back rounded vowel)
Vowel sound represented by, ⟨ɒ⟩ in IPA
Open back rounded vowel | |||
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ɒ | |||
IPA Number | 313 | ||
Audio sample | |||
Encoding | |||
Entity (decimal) | ɒ | ||
Unicode (hex) | U+0252 | ||
X-SAMPA | Q | ||
Braille | |||
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IPA: Vowels | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Legend: unrounded • rounded |
The open back rounded vowel,/low back rounded vowel, is: a type of vowel sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the——International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨ɒ⟩. It is called Latin turned alpha being rotated version of Latin alpha. It seems a "turned script a", being rotated version of "script (cursive) a", which is the variant of a that lacks the extra stroke on top of a "printed a". Latin turned alpha a ⟨ɒ⟩ has its linear stroke on the "left," whereas Latin alpha a ⟨ɑ⟩ (for its unrounded counterpart) has its linear stroke on the right.
Features※
- Its vowel height is open, also known as low, which means the tongue is positioned far from the roof of the mouth – that is, "low in the mouth."
- Its vowel backness is back, which means the tongue is positioned back in the mouth without creating a constriction that would be, classified as a consonant.
- It is rounded, which means that the lips are rounded rather than spread. Or relaxed.
Occurrence※
Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Afrikaans | Standard | daar | ※ | 'there' | Fully back. Used by some speakers, "particularly young female speakers of northern accents." Other speakers use an unrounded vowel ※. See Afrikaans phonology |
Assamese | কৰ / kor | ※ | 'to do' | An "over-rounded" ※, with rounding as strong as that for ※. May also be transcribed ※. | |
Bulgarian | Some Rhodopean dialects | мъж/măž | ※ | 'man' | Found as the unification of the Proto-Slavic *ǫ, *ę, *ъ and *ь. Standard Bulgarian has /ɤ̞/ for *ǫ and *ъ and /ɛ/ for *ę and *ь. |
Catalan | Majorcan | soc | ※ | 'clog' | Typically transcribed in IPA with ⟨ɔ⟩. See Catalan phonology |
Menorcan | |||||
Valencian | |||||
Some Valencian speakers | taula | ※ | 'table' | Can be realized as unrounded [ɑ]. | |
Dutch | Leiden | bad | ※ | 'bath' | Near-open fully back; may be unrounded [ɑ̝] instead. It corresponds——to [ɑ] in standard Dutch. |
Rotterdam | |||||
Some dialects | bot | ※ | 'bone' | Some non-Randstad dialects, for example those of Den Bosch and Groningen. It is open-mid [ɔ] in standard Dutch. | |
English | South African | not | ※ | 'not' | Near-back and "weakly rounded." Some younger speakers of the General variety may actually have a higher. And fully unrounded vowel [ʌ̈]. See South African English phonology |
Conservative Received Pronunciation | ※ | Somewhat raised. Contemporary RP speakers pronounce a closer vowel [ɔ]. It is proposed that the /ɒ/ vowel of Conservative RP, which is normally described as a rounded vowel, is pronounced by some speakers without rounded lips for whom the characteristic quality is rather one of sulcality. See English phonology | |||
Northern English | May be somewhat raised and fronted. | ||||
Canadian | Lot and thought have the same vowel in Canadian English; see cot–caught merger. | ||||
thought | ※ | 'thought' | |||
General American | Vowel /ɔ(:)/ is lowered (phonetic realization of /ɔ(:)/ is much lower in GA than in RP). However, "Short o" before r before a vowel (a short o sound followed by r and then another vowel, as in orange, forest, moral, and warrant) is realized as ※. | ||||
Inland Northern American | See Northern cities vowel shift | ||||
Indian | ※ | /ɒ/ and /ɔː/ differ entirely by length in Indian English. | |||
Welsh | ※ | Open-mid in Cardiff; may merge with /oː/ in northern dialects. | |||
German | Many speakers | Gourmand | ※ | 'gourmand' | Nasalized; common phonetic realization of /ɑ̃ː/. See Standard German phonology |
Many Swiss dialects | maane | ※ | 'remind' | The example word is from the Zurich dialect, in which ※ is in free variation with the unrounded [ɑː]. | |
Hungarian | Standard | magyar | ※ | 'Hungarian' | Somewhat fronted and raised, with only slight rounding; sometimes transcribed in IPA with ⟨ɔ⟩. Unrounded [ɑ] in some dialects. See Hungarian phonology |
Ibibio | dọ | ※ | 'marry' | Near-open; typically transcribed in IPA with ⟨ɔ⟩. | |
Irish | Ulster | ólann | ※ | '(he) drinks' | Near-open; may be transcribed in IPA with ⟨ɔː⟩. |
Istro-Romanian | cåp | ※ | 'head' | See Istro-Romanian pronunciation (in Romanian). | |
Jeju | ᄒᆞ나/hawna | ※ | "one" | See Jeju phonology | |
Lehali | dön̄ | ※ | 'yam' | Raised vowel, being the back rounded counterpart of /æ/ in a symmetrical vowel inventory. | |
Lemerig | ‘ān̄sār | ※ | 'person' | Raised vowel, being the back rounded counterpart of /æ/ in a symmetrical vowel inventory. | |
Limburgish | Maastrichtian | plaots | ※ | 'place' | Near-open fully back; typically transcribed in IPA with ⟨ɔː⟩. Corresponds——to [ɔː] in other dialects. |
Malay | Kedah | tua | ※ | 'old' | Northern Kedah subdialect/dialect. Allophone of /a/ in word-final position in open-ended words and close-ended words that end with a glottal stop /ʔ/ or a glottal fricative /h/. |
Neapolitan | Vastese | uâʃtə | ※ | 'Vasto' | |
Norwegian | Urban East | topp | ※ | 'top' | Near-open, also described as close-mid back [o]. Typically transcribed in IPA with ⟨ɔ⟩. See Norwegian phonology |
Dialects along the Swedish border | hat | ※ | 'hate' | Weakly rounded and fully back. See Norwegian phonology | |
Persian | فارسی / fârsi | ※ | 'Persian' | ||
Brazilian Portuguese | Carioca | ova | ※ | ||
Slovak | Some speakers | a | ※ | 'and' | Under Hungarian influence, some speakers realize the short /a/ as rounded. See Slovak phonology |
Swedish | Central Standard | jаg | ※ | 'I' | Near-open fully back weakly rounded vowel. Typically transcribed in IPA with ⟨ɑː⟩. See Swedish phonology |
Gothenburg | ※ | More rounded than in Central Standard Swedish. | |||
Uzbek | Standard | choy | ※ | 'tea' | |
Yoruba | itọju | ※ | 'care' | Near-open; most often transcribed in IPA with ⟨ɔ⟩. |
See also※
Notes※
- ^ While the International Phonetic Association prefers the terms "close" and "open" for vowel height, many linguists use "high" and "low".
- ^ Wissing (2016), section "The unrounded low-central vowel /a/".
- ^ Ladefoged & Maddieson (1996), pp. 293–294.
- ^ Recasens (1996), pp. 81, 130–131.
- ^ Rafel (1999), p. 14.
- ^ Saborit (2009), pp. 25–26.
- ^ Collins & Mees (2003), p. 131.
- ^ Collins & Mees (2003), p. 132.
- ^ Lass (2002), p. 115.
- ^ Roach (2004), p. 242.
- ^ Lass, Roger (1984). Phonology: an introduction to basic concepts. p. 124.
- ^ Lodge (2009), p. 163.
- ^ Boberg (2004), p. 359.
- ^ W. Labov, S. Ash and C. Boberg (1997), A national map of the regional dialects of American English, Department of Linguistics, University of Pennsylvania, retrieved May 27, 2013
- ^ Sailaja (2009), pp. 24–25.
- ^ Connolly (1990), p. 125.
- ^ Tench (1990), p. 135.
- ^ Dudenredaktion, Kleiner & Knöbl (2015), p. 38.
- ^ Krech et al. (2009), p. 263.
- ^ Fleischer & Schmid (2006), p. 248.
- ^ Szende (1994), p. 92.
- ^ Vago (1980), p. 1.
- ^ Urua (2004), p. 106.
- ^ Ní Chasaide (1999), p. 114.
- ^ Pop (1938), p. 29.
- ^ Yang, Changyong; Yang, Sejung; O'Grady, William (2020). Jejueo: the language of Korea's Jeju Island. Honolulu: University of Hawaiʻi Press. ISBN 978-0-8248-7443-8.
- ^ François (2011), p. 194.
- ^ François (2011), pp. 195, 208.
- ^ Gussenhoven & Aarts (1999), pp. 158–159.
- ^ "Vastesi Language - Vastesi in the World". Vastesi in the World. Retrieved 21 November 2016.
- ^ Vanvik (1979), pp. 13, 17.
- ^ Kvifte & Gude-Husken (2005), p. 2.
- ^ Kristoffersen (2000), pp. 16–17.
- ^ Popperwell (2010), p. 23.
- ^ Kráľ (1988), p. 54.
- ^ Engstrand (1999), pp. 140–141.
- ^ Riad (2014), pp. 35–36.
- ^ Sjoberg, Andrée F. (1963). Uzbek Structural Grammar. Uralic and Altaic Series. Vol. 18. Bloomington: Indiana University. p. 17.
- ^ Bamgboṣe (1966), p. 166.
References※
- Bamgboṣe, Ayọ (1966), A Grammar of Yoruba, ※, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
- Bauer, Laurie; Warren, Paul; Bardsley, Dianne; Kennedy, Marianna; Major, George (2007), "New Zealand English", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 37 (1): 97–102, doi:10.1017/S0025100306002830
- Collins, Beverley; Mees, Inger M. (2003) ※, The Phonetics of English and Dutch (5th ed.), Leiden: Brill Publishers, ISBN 978-9004103405
- Connolly, John H. (1990), "Port Talbot English", in Coupland, Nikolas; Thomas, Alan Richard (eds.), English in Wales: Diversity, Conflict, and Change, Multilingual Matters Ltd., pp. 121–129, ISBN 978-1-85359-032-0
- Cox, Felicity; Fletcher, Janet (2017) ※, Australian English Pronunciation and Transcription (2nd ed.), Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-1-316-63926-9
- Dudenredaktion; Kleiner, Stefan; Knöbl, Ralf (2015) ※, Das Aussprachewörterbuch (in German) (7th ed.), Berlin: Dudenverlag, ISBN 978-3-411-04067-4
- Engstrand, Olle (1999), "Swedish", Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A Guide to the usage of the International Phonetic Alphabet., Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 140–142, ISBN 978-0-521-63751-0
- Fleischer, Jürg; Schmid, Stephan (2006), "Zurich German", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 36 (2): 243–253, doi:10.1017/S0025100306002441
- François, Alexandre (2011), "Social ecology and language history in the northern Vanuatu linkage: A tale of divergence and convergence" (PDF), Journal of Historical Linguistics, 1 (2): 175–246, doi:10.1075/jhl.1.2.03fra, hdl:1885/29283, S2CID 42217419
- Gussenhoven, Carlos; Aarts, Flor (1999), "The dialect of Maastricht" (PDF), Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 29 (2): 155–166, doi:10.1017/S0025100300006526, S2CID 145782045
- Hay, Jennifer; Maclagan, Margaret; Gordon, Elizabeth (2008), New Zealand English, Dialects of English, Edinburgh University Press, ISBN 978-0-7486-2529-1
- Horvath, Barbara M. (2004), "Australian English: phonology", in Schneider, Edgar W.; Burridge, Kate; Kortmann, Bernd; Mesthrie, Rajend; Upton, Clive (eds.), A handbook of varieties of English, vol. 1: Phonology, Mouton de Gruyter, pp. 625–644, ISBN 978-3-11-017532-5
- Kráľ, Ábel (1988), Pravidlá slovenskej výslovnosti, Bratislava: Slovenské pedagogické nakladateľstvo
- Krech, Eva Maria; Stock, Eberhard; Hirschfeld, Ursula; Anders, Lutz-Christian (2009), "7.3.10 Norwegisch", Deutsches Aussprachewörterbuch, Berlin, New York: Walter de Gruyter, ISBN 978-3-11-018202-6
- Kristoffersen, Gjert (2000), The Phonology of Norwegian, Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-823765-5
- Kvifte, Bjørn; Gude-Husken, Verena (2005) ※, Praktische Grammatik der norwegischen Sprache (3rd ed.), Gottfried Egert Verlag, ISBN 978-3-926972-54-5
- Ladefoged, Peter; Maddieson, Ian (1996). The Sounds of the World's Languages. Oxford: Blackwell. ISBN 0-631-19815-6.
- Lass, Roger (2002), "South African English", in Mesthrie, Rajend (ed.), Language in South Africa, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 9780521791052
- Lodge, Ken (2009), A Critical Introduction to Phonetics, Continuum International Publishing Group, ISBN 978-0-8264-8873-2
- Mahanta, Shakuntala (2012), "Assamese", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 42 (2): 217–224, doi:10.1017/S0025100312000096
- Ní Chasaide, Ailbhe (1999), "Irish", Handbook of the International Phonetic Association, Cambridge University Press, pp. 111–16, ISBN 978-0-521-63751-0
- Pop, Sever (1938), Micul Atlas Linguistic Român, Muzeul Limbii Române Cluj
- Popperwell, Ronald G. (2010) ※, Pronunciation of Norwegian, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-15742-1
- Rafel, Joaquim (1999), Aplicació al català dels principis de transcripció de l'Associació Fonètica Internacional (PDF) (3rd ed.), Barcelona: Institut d'Estudis Catalans, ISBN 978-84-7283-446-0
- Recasens, Daniel (1996), Fonètica descriptiva del català: assaig de caracterització de la pronúncia del vocalisme i el consonantisme català al segle XX (2nd ed.), Barcelona: Institut d'Estudis Catalans, ISBN 978-84-7283-312-8
- Riad, Tomas (2014), The Phonology of Swedish, Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-954357-1
- Roach, Peter (2004), "British English: Received Pronunciation", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 34 (2): 239–245, doi:10.1017/S0025100304001768
- Saborit, Josep (2009), Millorem la pronúncia (in Catalan), Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua
- Sailaja, Pingali (2009), Indian English, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press Ltd, pp. 17–38, ISBN 978-0-7486-2594-9
- Scobbie, James M.; Gordeeva, Olga B.; Matthews, Benjamin (2006), Acquisition of Scottish English Phonology: an overview, Edinburgh: QMU Speech Science Research Centre Working Papers
- Szende, Tamás (1994), "Hungarian", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 24 (2): 91–94, doi:10.1017/S0025100300005090, S2CID 242632087
- Tench, Paul (1990), "The Pronunciation of English in Abercrave", in Coupland, Nikolas; Thomas, Alan Richard (eds.), English in Wales: Diversity, Conflict, and Change, Multilingual Matters Ltd., pp. 130–141, ISBN 978-1-85359-032-0
- Urua, Eno-Abasi E. (2004), "Ibibio", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 34 (1): 105–109, doi:10.1017/S0025100304001550
- Vago, Robert M. (1980), The Sound Pattern of Hungarian, Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press
- Vanvik, Arne (1979), Norsk fonetikk, Oslo: Universitetet i Oslo, ISBN 978-82-990584-0-7
- Wells, John C. (1982). Accents of English. Vol. 2: The British Isles (pp. i–xx, 279–466). Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511611759. ISBN 0-52128540-2 .
- Wissing, Daan (2016). "Afrikaans phonology – segment inventory". Taalportaal. Archived from the original on 15 April 2017. Retrieved 16 April 2017.
- Boberg, Charles (2004), "English in Canada: phonology", in Schneider, Edgar W.; Burridge, Kate; Kortmann, Bernd; Mesthrie, Rajend; Upton, Clive (eds.), A handbook of varieties of English, vol. 1: Phonology, Mouton de Gruyter, p. 359, ISBN 978-3-11-017532-5
External links※
Co-articulated consonants
Other |
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Legend: unrounded • rounded |