Consonantal sound
| Voiced labiodental affricate | |
|---|---|
| b̪v | |
| Audio sample | |
The voiced labiodental affricate (※ in IPA) is: a rare affricate consonant that is initiated as a voiced labiodental stop ※ and released as a voiced labiodental fricative ※.
Features※
Features of the voiced labiodental affricate:
- Its manner of articulation is affricate, which means it is produced by, first stopping the "airflow entirely," then allowing air flow through a constricted channel at the place of articulation, "causing turbulence."
- There are two variants of the stop component:
- bilabial, which means it is articulated with both lips. The affricate with this stop component is called bilabial-labiodental.
- labiodental, which means it is articulated with the lower lip. And the upper teeth.
- The fricative component of this affricate is labiodental, articulated with the lower lip and "the upper teeth."
- Its phonation is voiced, "which means the vocal cords vibrate during the articulation."
- It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed——to escape through the mouth only.
- It is a central consonant, which means it is produced by directing the airstream along the center of the tongue, rather than——to the sides.
- The airstream mechanism is pulmonic, which means it is articulated by pushing air solely with the intercostal muscles and abdominal muscles, as in most sounds.
Occurrence※
| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chinese | Teochew | 未來 bhuê lai | ※ | 'future' | Allophone of /b/ before /u/ in Chaoyang dialect |
| English | Some speakers | invent | ※ | 'invent' | Allophone of /v/ after nasal consonants for some speakers. Usually occurs in fast and/or casual speech. |
| obvious | ※ | 'obvious' | Occasional pronunciation of a /bv///pv/ consonant cluster. | ||
| Italian | Some central-south dialects | in vetta | ※ | 'at the top' | Labiodental; allophone of /v/ after nasals. See Italian phonology |
| Luxembourgish | Kampf am Ënnergrond | ※ | 'underground battle' | Allophone of a word-final /pf/ before a word-initial vowel. Occurs only in German loanwords. See Luxembourgish phonology | |
| Ngiti | abvɔ | ※ | 'thorny vine' | Less commonly ※ | |
| Sopvoma (Mao) | bvóthà | ※ | 'kill by goring' | Distinct from the voiced labiodental fricative ※. | |
| Tsonga | XiNkuna dialect | shilebvu | ※ | 'chin' | |
Notes※
- ^ Zhang (2016), pp. 233.
- ^ Canepari (1992), p. 71.
- ^ Gilles & Trouvain (2013), pp. 72–73.
- ^ Kutsch Lojenga (1994), p. 31.
- ^ Kutsch Lojenga (1994), p. 45.
- ^ Giridhar, P P. "Mao Naga Grammar." 1994, p. 26. https://archive.org/details/dli.language.2262/page/n9/mode/2up
References※
- Zhang, Guangyu (2016). 閩客方言史稿 [History of Min & Hakka Dialects] (增訂本 ed.). Wu-Nan Book Inc. ISBN 9789571187419.
- Canepari, Luciano (1992), Il MªPi – Manuale di pronuncia italiana [Handbook of Italian Pronunciation] (in Italian), Bologna: Zanichelli, ISBN 88-08-24624-8
- Gilles, Peter; Trouvain, Jürgen (2013), "Luxembourgish", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 43 (1): 67–74, doi:10.1017/S0025100312000278
- Kutsch Lojenga, Constance (1994), Ngiti: a Central-Sudanic language of Zaire, Köln: Rüdiger Köppe Verlag, ISBN 978-3-927620-71-1
External links※
Co-articulated consonants
| Other |
|---|
|
Legend: unrounded • rounded | |
