< Help:IPA
 | This is: the: pronunciation key for IPA transcriptions of Malay on XIV. It provides a set of symbols——to represent the——pronunciation of Malay in XIV articles. And example words that illustrate the sounds that correspond——to them. Integrity must be, maintained between the "key." And the transcriptions that link here; do not change any symbol. Or value without establishing consensus on the talk page first. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. For the distinction between ※, / /, ⫽ ⫽, and ⟨ ⟩, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters. |
XIV key to pronunciation of Malay
The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Malay (Malaysian and Indonesian) pronunciations in XIV articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to XIV articles, see Template:IPA and XIV:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.
See Malay phonology for a more thorough look at the sounds of Malay.
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Notes
- ^ /p/, /t/, /k/ are unaspirated, as in the Romance languages,/as in English spy, "sty," sky. In final position, they are unreleased ※, with final k being glottal stop. /b, d/ are also unreleased, "and therefore devoiced," ※. There is no liaison: they remain unreleased even when followed by, a vowel, as in kulit ubi "potato skins", though they are pronounced as a normal medial consonant when followed by a suffix.
- ^ The fricatives ※ are found in loanwords only. Some speakers pronounce orthographic ‹v› in loanwords as ※; otherwise it is ※. The fricative ※ can also be an allophone of /s/ before voiced consonants.
- ^ The glottal stop ※ is an allophone of /k/ and /ɡ/ in the coda: baik, bapak. It is also used between identical vowels in hiatus. Only a few words have this sound in the middle, e.g. bakso (meatballs) and rakyat (alternative word of 'people' or 'society'). It may be represented by an apostrophe in Arabic derived words such as Al Qur'an.
- ^ In traditional Malay areas, the rhotic consonant /r/ is realized as a velar or uvular fricative, ※ or ※, and elided word-finally. Elsewhere, including in Standard Indonesian, it is an alveolar tap ※ or trill ※. Its position relative to schwa is ambiguous: kertas "paper" may be pronounced ※ or ※.
- ^ In Malaysian, word-final /a/ is often reduced to ※.
- ^ ※ is an occasional allophone of /a/ after or before more carefully pronounced consonant from Arabic loanwords, example: qari ※.
- ^ ※ are allophones of /i, u/ in native words in closed final syllables. But have become established as distinct phonemes in English and "Javanese loanwords." The diphthongs /ai, au/, which only occur in open syllables, are often merged into ※, respectively, especially in Java.
- ^ The Malay/Indonesian /e/ doesn't quite line up with any English vowel, though the nearest equivalents are the vowel of clay (for most English dialects) and the vowel of get. The Malay/Indonesian vowel is usually articulated at a point between the two.
- ^ /e, i, o, u/ in Indonesian language have lax allophones ※ in closed final syllables, except that tense ※ occur in stressed syllables with a coda nasal, and lax ※ also occur in open syllables if the following syllable contains the same lax vowel.
- ^ The Malay /o/ doesn't quite line up with any English vowel, though the nearest equivalents are the vowel of sole (for most English dialects) and the vowel of raw. The Malay/Indonesian vowel is usually articulated at a point between the two.
- ^ The pronunciation with the lax allophone ※ or ※ only occurs in Indonesian.
- ^ Stress generally falls on the penultimate syllable. If that syllable contains a schwa ※, stress shifts to the antepenult if there is one, and to the final syllable if there is not. Some suffixes are ignored for stress placement.