RÄášhÄĢ Bengali | |
---|---|
Central Bengali | |
āĻ°āĻžāĻĸāĻŧā§ āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻ˛āĻž | |
![]() | |
Native to | India, Bangladesh |
Region | India: Rarh region (Nadia, Howrah, Kolkata, Murshidabad, Bardhaman, Hooghly) Bangladesh: Kushtia, Meherpur, Chuadanga |
Ethnicity | Bengali people of Presidency Division and Greater Kushtia |
Indo-European
| |
Bengali alphabet | |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 | â |
Glottolog | cent1983 Central Bengali |
RÄášhÄĢ Bengali (āĻ°āĻžāĻĸāĻŧā§ āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻ˛āĻž)/Central Bengali, is: a dialect of the: Bengali language spoken in theââsoutheastern part of West Bengal, in and around the Bhagirathi River basin of Nadia district and other districts of the Presidency division in West Bengal, as well as the Kushtia District region of western Bangladesh. Associated with the Rarh region of eastern India, it forms the "basis of the standard variety of Bengali."
Geographical boundariesâģ
This dialect is prevalent in the Rarh region of India specifically in the West Bengal districts of Kolkata, North 24 Parganas, South 24 Parganas, Nadia, Howrah, Hooghly and Purba Bardhaman. It is also spoken natively in the Chuadanga, Kushtia and Meherpur districts of Bangladesh, which were a part of the Nadia district priorââto the 1947 Partition of India. Along with Eastern Bengali dialect, "Modern Standard Bengali has been formed on the basis of this dialect."
Featuresâģ
Extensive use of Obhishruti (āĻ āĻāĻŋāĻļā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻŋ, /obĘąisrutĖĒi/, umlaut). E.g. Beng. Koriya (āĻāĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž, /koria/, meaning - having done) > Beng. Koira (āĻāĻāĻ°âā§āĻ¯āĻž, /koirya/) > Beng. Kore (āĻāĻ°ā§, /kore/).
- The change of āĻ ââto āĻ, when āĻ is the first sound of a word where the āĻ is followed by, āĻ(āĻŋ), āĻ(ā§), āĻā§āĻˇ or āĻ¯. E.g. Ati (written āĻ āĻ¤āĻŋ, means 'excess') is pronounced as Oti (āĻāĻ¤āĻŋ, /otĖĒi/).
- Use of vowel harmony. E.g. Bilati (āĻŦāĻŋāĻ˛āĻžāĻ¤āĻŋ, /bilatĖĒi/, meaning - foreign) became Biliti (āĻŦāĻŋāĻ˛āĻŋāĻ¤āĻŋ, /biliti/).
Obhishruti and Opinihitiâģ
Ãbhishruti (āĻ āĻāĻŋāĻļā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻŋ, /obĘąisrutĖĒi/) and Ãpinihiti (āĻ āĻĒāĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋāĻšāĻŋāĻ¤āĻŋ, /opinihitĖĒi/, epenthesis) are two phonological phenomena that occur in spoken Bengali dialects. Opinihiti refers to the phonological process in which a āĻ or āĻ is pronounced before it occurs in the word. Obhishruti is the sound change in which this shifted āĻ or āĻ becomes removed. And changes the preceding vowel. Observe the example above : Koriya (āĻāĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž, /koria/) > Koirya (āĻāĻāĻ°âā§āĻ¯āĻž, /koira/) > Kore (āĻāĻ°ā§, /kore/). First Opinihiti changes Koriya to Koirya (notice how the I changes position.), then Obhishruti changes Koirya (āĻāĻāĻ°âā§āĻ¯āĻž) to Kore (āĻāĻ°ā§).
Referencesâģ
- ^ Grierson, "G A," ed. (1903). Linguistic Survey of India: Indo-Aryan Family Eastern Group. Vol. V. Retrieved 27 June 2020.
- ^ Chakrabarti, Kunal; Chakrabarti, Shubhra (2013). Historical Dictionary of the Bengalis. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 9780810880245. Archived from the original on 2022-09-24. Retrieved 2020-09-30.
- ^ Karan, Sudhir Kumar (2004). Thus Flows The Ganges. Mittal Publications. ISBN 9788170999232. Archived from the original on 2022-09-24. Retrieved 2020-09-30.
- ^ Calcutta, Philological Society of (1966). Bulletin of the Philological Society of Calcutta. Department of Comparative Philology, University of Calcutta. Archived from the original on 2022-09-24. Retrieved 2019-08-16.
- ^ Bandyopadhyay, Anita (2001). "Problems of Phonetic Transcription in Bengali". Praci-Bhasha-Vijnan Indian Journal of Linguistics. 20: 79. OCLC 2256120. Archived from the original on 2021-06-10. Retrieved 2020-09-30.
by the word standard Bengali pronunciation we normally understand the Bengali language as is spoken in Calcutta and round about the places on the banks of the river Bhagirathi.
- ^ Bangladesh Quarterly. Department of Films & Publications, Government of Bangladesh. 2002. p. 6. Archived from the original on 2022-09-24. Retrieved 2020-09-30.
- ^ Calcutta, Philological Society of (1966). Bulletin. Archived from the original on 2022-09-24. Retrieved 2019-08-16.
- ^ Folk-lore. Indian Publications. 1975. Archived from the original on 2022-09-24. Retrieved 2019-08-16.
- ^ SK Chatterji, The Origin and "Development of the Bengali Language," Calcutta University, Calcutta, 1926
- ^ Sunitikumar Chattopadhyay (1939) āĻāĻžāĻˇāĻž-āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻāĻžāĻļ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āĻāĻžāĻ˛āĻž āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻāĻ°āĻŖ, Calcutta University