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![Bengali](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Bengali_Conjunct_Kssya.svg/40px-Bengali_Conjunct_Kssya.svg.png)
Bengali (āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻ˛āĻž Bangla) is: one of the: Eastern Indo-Aryan languages, which evolved from Magadhi Prakrit, nativeââto theââeastern Indian subcontinent. The core of Bengali vocabulary is thus etymologically of Magadhi Prakrit origin, with significant ancient borrowings from the older substrate language(s) of the "region." However, in medieval times, more borrowings have occurred, from Sanskrit, Arabic, Classical Persian, Turkish and other languages has ledââto the adoption of a wide range of words with foreign origins; thus making the origins of borrowed words in the Bengali vocabulary numerous and "diverse," due to centuries of contact with various languages.
Origins of Different Words in Bengaliâģ
Bengali is typically thought to have around 100,000 separate words, of which 16,000 (16%) are considered to be, āĻ¤āĻĻā§āĻāĻŦ tôdbhôbô, or Tadbhava (inherited Indo-Aryan vocabulary), 40,000 (40%) are āĻ¤ā§āĻ¸āĻŽ tôtÅômô or Tatsama (words directly borrowed from Sanskrit), and borrowings from āĻĻā§āĻļā§ deÅi, or "indigenous" words, which are at around 16,000 (16%) of the Bengali vocabulary. The rest are āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āĻļā§ bideÅi or "foreign" sources, including Persian, Turkish, Arabic, and English among others, accounting for around 28,000 (28%) of all Bengali words, highlighting the significant influence that foreign languages. And cultures have had on the Bengali language throughout Bengal's long history of contact with different peoples and the cultural exchanges that came with such interactions.
Persian had one of the most significant influence in terms of foreign loanwords. And numerous sources put this figure at around 10,000 words at a minimum, which includes words that were borrowed directly from Persian and words influenced by, it. However, these figures do not reflect the average Bengali speaker's vocabulary, as this will vary greatly by dialect. For example, Muslims and Bangladeshis typically lean on more Persian and Arabic words in their Bengali than their Hindu and Indian Bengali counterparts. Persian influence was so significant throughout Bengal's history, and was the official language of the region for 600 years, until the British arrived and changed it to English in 1836. Persian influence was so extensive that during the medieval Bengal period, a register of highly Persianized Bengali formed, known as Dobhashi, which was used by administrative officials and for literary purposes.
Differences in vocabularyâģ
This table below compares the differences of spoken and used Bengali vocabularies in Dhaka (Bangladesh) & Shantipur (West Bengal, India).
Word | Dhakaiya dialect | Dhakaiya IPA | Shantipuri dialect | Shantipuri IPA |
---|---|---|---|---|
Water | āĻĒāĻžāĻ¨āĻŋ | pani | āĻāĻ˛ | jôl |
Salt | āĻ˛āĻŦāĻŖ | lôbôn | āĻ¨ā§āĻ¨ | nun |
Invitation | āĻĻāĻžāĻāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ¤ | dawat | āĻāĻŽāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ°āĻŖ/āĻ¨āĻŋāĻŽāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ°āĻŖ/āĻ¨ā§āĻŽāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻ¨ā§āĻ¨ | amôntrôm/nimôntrôn/nemôntônnô |
Chili | āĻŽāĻ°āĻŋāĻ | môric | āĻ˛āĻā§āĻāĻž | laáš kÄ |
Maternal Aunt | āĻāĻžāĻ˛āĻž | khala | āĻŽāĻžāĻ¸āĻŋ | maÅi |
Paternal Aunt | āĻĢā§āĻĢā§ | phuphu | āĻĒāĻŋāĻ¸āĻŋ | piÅi |
Bath | āĻā§āĻ¸āĻ˛ | gosôl | āĻ¸ā§āĻ¨āĻžāĻ¨/āĻāĻžāĻ¨ | snÄn/chÄn |
Wind | āĻŦāĻžāĻ¤āĻžāĻ¸ | batas | āĻšāĻžāĻāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž | hÄoÄ |
Examples of Borrowed Wordsâģ
Due to centuries of contact with Mughals, Arabs, Persians, Central Asians, and Europeans the Bengali language has absorbed countless words from foreign languages, often totally integrating these borrowings into the core vocabulary. The most common borrowings from foreign languages come from three different kinds of contact. After centuries of contact from Persia and the Middle East, followed by the invasions of the Mughal Empire, numerous Turkic, Arabic, and Persian words were absorbed and fully integrated into the lexicon. Later, European colonialism brought words from Portuguese, French, Dutch, and most significantly English. Some very common borrowings are shown below.
Sanskrit (āĻ¸āĻāĻ¸ā§āĻā§āĻ¤ Sôᚠskritô)âģ
Word | IPA | Meaning |
---|---|---|
āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦ | biÅÅô | world |
āĻ§āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻžāĻĻ | dhônnôbad | thanks |
āĻāĻļā§āĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻĻ | aÅirbad | blessing |
āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻ¤ | Åagôtô | welcome |
āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻŖ | nirban | Nirvana |
āĻ¯ā§āĻ | jog | Yoga |
āĻāĻ°ā§āĻ¯ | arjô | Aryan |
āĻāĻ¸āĻ¨ | aÅôn | seat |
āĻāĻļā§āĻ°āĻŽ | asrôm | hermitage or monastery |
āĻ āĻŦāĻ¤āĻžāĻ° | ôbôtar | Avatar |
āĻāĻ¯āĻŧā§āĻ°ā§āĻŦā§āĻĻ | ayurbed | Ayurveda |
āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āĻ§ā§ | bôndhu | friend |
āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¤ā§ | baÅmôti | Basmati rice |
āĻāĻžāĻ | bhaáš | Bhang |
āĻāĻžāĻ | khaáš | cot |
āĻ§ā§āĻ¤āĻŋ | dhuti | Dhoti |
āĻ˛ā§āĻ | luášh | Looting |
āĻŽāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž | maya | Maya |
āĻ¸āĻāĻž | Åôkha | friend |
āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻŽā§ | Åami | Husband |
āĻ˛āĻžāĻ | lakh | Lakh |
āĻ˛āĻā§āĻˇā§āĻŽā§ | lôkkhi | Lakshmi |
Substrate languages (āĻĻā§āĻļā§ DeÅi âNativeâ)âģ
Word | Meaning |
---|---|
āĻāĻžāĻ¨āĻž kana | blind |
āĻāĻžāĻ˛āĻž kala | deaf |
āĻā§āĻĄāĻŧāĻŋ kuáši | twenty |
āĻā§āĻāĻāĻž khÃĩca | poke |
āĻā§āĻāĻ khÃĩj | notice |
āĻāĻŋāĻāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋ ciáš áši | prawn |
āĻā§āĻ˛āĻž cula | oven, stove |
āĻā§āĻ choášÃ´ | small |
āĻāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ jhinuk | shell |
āĻā§āĻ˛ jhol | gravy |
āĻāĻ ášÃ´k | sour |
āĻ ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ ášhÃĻáš | leg |
āĻĄāĻžāĻŦ á¸ab | (green) coconut |
āĻĸāĻ á¸hoáš | guile, dissimulation; fashion |
āĻĸā§āĻ˛ á¸hol | dhol |
āĻĒā§āĻ peáš | belly |
āĻŦā§āĻŦāĻž boba | mute |
āĻŽāĻžāĻ maášh | field, open land |
āĻŽā§āĻĄāĻŧāĻŋ muáši | puffed rice |
Foreign (āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āĻļā§ BideÅi)âģ
Classical Persian (āĻĢāĻžāĻ°āĻ¸āĻŋ Farsi)âģ
Word | Pronunciation | Meaning | Original form |
---|---|---|---|
āĻāĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž abohawa | a.bo.ÉĻa.wa | weather | Øĸب Ų ŲŲا Äb-o-hawÄ |
āĻāĻžāĻāĻ°āĻŋ cakri | tÍĄĘak.ri | job | ÚØ§ÚŠØąÛ Äakri |
āĻāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ¨āĻž ayna | aj.na | mirror | ØĸÛŲŲ Äynah |
āĻāĻ°āĻžāĻŽ aram | a.ram | comfort | ØĸØąØ§Ų ÄrÄm |
āĻŦāĻāĻļāĻŋāĻļ bôkÅiÅ | bok.ĘiĘ | tip | ب؎شش baxÅĄiÅĄ |
āĻŽā§āĻ¸āĻ˛āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ musôlman | musol.maËn | Muslim | Ų ØŗŲŲ اŲ musalmÄn |
āĻāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ā§ aste | as.tĖĒe | slowly, softly | ØĸŲØŗØĒŲ Ähistah "slowly" |
āĻāĻŽ kôm | kÉm | less, few | ŲŲ kam |
āĻāĻžāĻāĻ kagôj | ka.ÉĄoj | paper | ŲاØēØ° kÄÄaz |
āĻāĻžāĻ°āĻžāĻĒ kharap | kĘ°a.rap | bad | ØŽØąØ§Ø¨ xarÄb |
āĻā§āĻĻāĻž khoda | kĘ°o.dĖĒa | god | ؎دا xoda |
āĻā§āĻŦ khub | kĘ°uËb | very, greatly | ØŽŲب xÅĢb "good" |
āĻāĻ°āĻŽ gôrôm | ÉĄÉ.rom | hot | Ú¯ØąŲ garm |
āĻāĻļāĻŽ côÅôm | tÍĄĘÉĘom | eye | ÚØ´Ų ÄaÅĄm |
āĻāĻžāĻāĻ° cakôr | tÍĄĘa.kor | employee, servant | ÚØ§ÚŠØą ÄÄkar |
āĻāĻžāĻĻāĻ° cadôr | tÍĄĘa.dĖĒor | blanket | ÚØ§Ø¯Øą ÄÄdar |
āĻāĻžāĻ¨ jan | dÍĄĘaËn | dear | ØŦاŲ jÄn |
āĻāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĻāĻž jayga | dÍĄĘae.ÉĄa | place | ØŦاŲگاŲ jÄegÄh |
āĻĄā§āĻāĻāĻŋ á¸egci | ÉeÉĄ.tÍĄĘi | pot | دŲÚ¯ÚŲ dÄgÄah |
āĻĻāĻŽ dôm | dĖĒÉËm | breath | دŲ dam |
āĻĻā§āĻ° der | dĖĒe.r | late | دŲØą dÄr |
āĻĻā§āĻāĻžāĻ¨ dokan | do.kan | store, shop | دŲاŲ dukÄn |
āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻĻāĻž pôrda | pÉr.dĖĒa | curtain | ŲžØąØ¯Ų pardah |
āĻŦāĻĻ bôd | bÉËdĖĒ | bad | بد bad |
āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻžāĻ¨ bagan | ba.ÉĄan | garden | باØēŲاŲ bÄÄwÄn |
āĻ°āĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻž rasta | ras.tĖĒa | road, way | ØąØ§ØŗØĒŲ rÄstah |
āĻ°ā§āĻ roj | roËdÍĄĘ | everyday | ØąŲØ˛ rÅz "day" |
āĻšāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻĻā§ Hindu | hin.dĖĒu | Hindu | ŲŲدŲ HindÅĢ |
āĻĒāĻāĻ¨ā§āĻĻ pôchôndô | pÉ.tÍĄĘĘ°on.dĖĒo | like, appreciate | ŲžØŗŲد pasand |
āĻā§āĻā§āĻāĻž ášekka | Ęek.ka | ace | ØĒŲŲŲ tika "contract" |
āĻā§āĻ¨ khun | kĘ°uËn | kill | ØŽŲŲ xÅĢn "blood" |
āĻāĻā§āĻā§āĻ° Äáš gur | aÅ.gur | grape | اŲÚ¯ŲØą angÅĢr |
āĻāĻāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ aoaj | a.wadÍĄĘ | sound | ØĸŲØ§Ø˛ ÄwÄz |
Arabic (āĻāĻ°āĻŦāĻŋ Arbi)âģ
Bangla Word | Bangla transliteration | English meaning | Original form | IPA |
---|---|---|---|---|
āĻāĻ¸āĻ˛ | aÅôl | real | ØŖØĩŲ | aášŖl |
āĻāĻ˛āĻžāĻāĻž | elaka | area | ØšŲاŲØŠ ("relationship") | ĘalÄqa |
āĻāĻāĻ¨ | ojôn | weight | ŲØ˛Ų | wazn |
āĻāĻ˛āĻŽ | kôlôm | pen | ŲŲŲ | qalam |
āĻāĻŋāĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¤ | kismôt | luck | ŲØŗŲ ØŠ | qisma(t) |
āĻāĻŦāĻ° | khôbôr | news | ØŽØ¨Øą | xabr |
āĻāĻžāĻ˛āĻžāĻ¸ | khalas | conclusion | ØŽŲاØĩ | khalÄášŖ |
āĻāĻžāĻ˛āĻŋ | khali | empty | ؎اŲŲ | xÄlÄĢ |
āĻā§āĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ˛ | kheyal | consideration | ØŽŲاŲ | xayÄl |
āĻāĻ°āĻŋāĻŦ | gôrib | poor | ØēØąŲب | ÄarÄĢb |
āĻāĻŽāĻž | jôma | collect | ØŦŲ ؚ؊ | jamĘŋah |
āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻŋāĻ | tarikh | date | ØĒØ§ØąŲØŽ | tÄrÄĢx |
āĻĻā§āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž | duniya | world | دīģ§ī¯ŋŲا | dunya |
āĻ¨āĻāĻ˛ | nôkôl | fake | ŲŲŲ | naql |
āĻĢāĻāĻŋāĻ° | phôkir | poor person | ŲŲŲØą | faqÄĢr |
āĻŦāĻĻāĻ˛ | bodol | exchange | بدŲ | badl |
āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻŋ | baki | remaining | باŲŲ | bÄqÄĢ |
āĻļāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ¤āĻžāĻ¨ | Åôytan | Satan | Ø´ŲŲŲØˇŲاŲ | ÅĄayášan |
āĻ¸āĻžāĻšā§āĻŦ | Åaheb | sir | ØĩاØب | ášŖÄá¸Ĩib |
āĻ¸āĻ¨āĻĻ | Åônôd | certificate | ØŗŲŲŲد | sand |
āĻ¸āĻ¨ | Åôn | year | ØŗŲŲŲØŠ | sanah |
āĻšā§āĻāĻŋāĻŽ | hekim | physician | ØŲŲŲ | á¸ĨakÄĢm |
āĻšāĻŋāĻ¸āĻžāĻŦ | hiÅab | calculation | ØØŗاب | á¸ĨisÄb |
Turkic (āĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§āĻāĻŋ Turki)âģ
Word | Meaning | Original form |
---|---|---|
āĻāĻĒāĻž apa | elder sister, any unknown adult lady | apa |
āĻā§āĻ°āĻŽāĻž korma | korma | kavurma |
āĻāĻžāĻ¨ khan | Khan | xan |
āĻāĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ¨ khatun | Khatun | xatun |
āĻāĻāĻŽāĻ cokmok | lighter | çakmak |
āĻŦā§āĻāĻŽ begôm | lady | begÃŧm |
āĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻāĻŋ kÃĒci, āĻāĻžāĻāĻāĻŋ kÃŖci | scissor | qÃŖïnçi |
Portuguese (āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻāĻŋāĻ Pôrtugij)âģ
Word | Meaning | Original form |
---|---|---|
āĻāĻ˛āĻŽāĻžāĻ°āĻŋ almari | closet, cupboard | armÃĄrio |
āĻāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž aya | nurse | aia |
āĻāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ°āĻŋ istri āĻāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ°āĻŋ istiri |
to iron | estirar |
āĻāĻ¸ā§āĻĒāĻžāĻ¤ iÅpat | steel | espada "sword" |
āĻāĻžāĻŽāĻŋāĻ kamij | shirt | camisa |
āĻāĻžāĻŽāĻ˛āĻž gamla | basket | gamela "wooden trough" |
āĻāĻžāĻŦāĻŋ cabi | key | chave |
āĻāĻžāĻ¨āĻžāĻ˛āĻž janala | window | janela |
āĻ¤āĻžāĻŽāĻžāĻ tamak | tobacco | tabaco |
āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§āĻ perek | nail | prego |
āĻĢāĻŋāĻ¤āĻž phita | lace, ribbon | fita |
āĻŦāĻžāĻ°āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻĻāĻž baranda | verandah | varanda |
āĻŦāĻžāĻ˛āĻ¤āĻŋ balti | Bucket | balde |
āĻŦā§āĻšāĻžāĻ˛āĻž behala | viola | viola |
āĻŦā§āĻ¤āĻžāĻŽ botam | button | botÃŖo |
āĻŽā§āĻ mej | table | mesa |
āĻ¸āĻžāĻŦāĻžāĻ¨ Åaban | soap | sabÃŖo |
āĻā§āĻĻāĻžāĻ°āĻž kedara | chair | cadeira |
āĻāĻ¤āĻž ata | custard apple | ata |
āĻāĻ¨āĻžāĻ°āĻ¸ anarôŠ| pineapple | ananÃĄs |
āĻāĻžāĻā§ kaju | cashew | cajÃē |
āĻāĻĒāĻŋ kôpi | cabbage, cauliflower | couve |
āĻĒāĻžāĻāĻ pÃŖu | European-style bread | pÃŖo |
āĻĒā§āĻāĻĒā§ páēŊpe | papaya | papaia |
āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ˛āĻžāĻŽ nilam | auction | leilÃŖo |
āĻĒā§āĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ°āĻž peyara | guava | pera "pear" |
āĻ¸āĻžāĻ˛āĻžāĻĻ salad | salad | salada |
āĻā§āĻ°ā§āĻļ krush | cross | cruz |
āĻāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻāĻž girja | church | igreja |
āĻ¯āĻŋāĻļā§ JiÅu | Jesus | Jesus |
āĻĒāĻžāĻĻā§āĻ°āĻŋ padri | Catholic priest | padre |
āĻāĻāĻ°ā§āĻ iáš grej | English | inglÃĒs |
Dutch (āĻāĻ˛āĻ¨ā§āĻĻāĻžāĻ Olôndaj)âģ
Word | Meaning | Original form |
---|---|---|
āĻāĻ¸ā§āĻāĻžāĻŦāĻ¨ iskabôn āĻāĻļāĻāĻžāĻĒāĻ¨ iÅkapôn |
spades | schoppen |
āĻ°ā§āĻāĻ¤āĻ¨ ruitôn | diamonds | ruiten (lit. "rhombi") |
āĻšāĻ°āĻ¤āĻ¨ hôrotôn | hearts | harten |
āĻāĻŋāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋāĻ¤āĻ¨ ciriton | clubs | klaveren (lit. "clovers") |
āĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§āĻĒ turup | trump | troef |
āĻāĻ¸ā§āĻā§āĻ°ā§āĻĒ iskrup | screw | schroef |
English (āĻāĻāĻ°ā§āĻāĻŋ Iáš reji)âģ
Word | Original form | |
---|---|---|
āĻ āĻĢāĻŋāĻ¸ ôfiÅ | office | |
āĻā§āĻ˛ jel | jail | |
āĻĄāĻžāĻā§āĻ¤āĻžāĻ° á¸aktar | doctor | |
āĻĒā§āĻ˛āĻŋāĻļ puliÅ | police | |
āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻāĻ baáš k | bank | |
āĻā§āĻ bhoáš | vote | |
āĻāĻ¸ā§āĻā§āĻ˛ iÅkul āĻ¸ā§āĻā§āĻ˛ skul |
school | |
āĻšāĻžāĻ¸āĻĒāĻžāĻ¤āĻžāĻ˛ haÅpatal | hospital | |
āĻāĻžāĻĒ kap | cup | |
āĻā§āĻ˛āĻžāĻ¸ glas | glass | |
āĻā§āĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ° ceyar | chair | |
āĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻ˛ ášebil | table | |
āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āĻ¸ bakÅô | box | |
āĻ˛āĻŖā§āĻ āĻ¨ lônášhôn | lantern | |
āĻĒā§āĻ˛āĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻāĻŋāĻ plasášik | plastic | |
āĻāĻ˛ā§āĻ kôlej | college | |
āĻāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻžāĻŦāĻ˛ astabôl | stable | |
āĻ¸āĻžāĻāĻā§āĻ˛ saikel | bicycle | |
āĻāĻžāĻāĻ ášauáš | tout | |
āĻāĻā§āĻāĻŋāĻ¨ injin | engine | |
āĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻāĻžāĻ°ā§ kÃĻáš garu | kangaroo | |
āĻŦā§āĻŽā§āĻ°āĻžāĻ bumeraáš | boomerang |
French (āĻĢāĻ°āĻžāĻ¸āĻŋ Phôrasi)âģ
Word | Meaning | Original form |
---|---|---|
āĻāĻ˛āĻ¨ā§āĻĻāĻžāĻ olôndaj | Dutch | hollandaise |
āĻāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ kartuj | cartridge | cartouche |
āĻ°ā§āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ°āĻžāĻ restorÃŖ | restaurant | restaurant |
āĻļā§āĻŽāĻŋāĻ Åemij | chemise | chemise "shirt" |
āĻĒāĻžāĻ¤āĻŋ pati | small | petit |
Chinese (āĻā§āĻ¨āĻž CÄĢna)âģ
Word | Meaning | Original form |
---|---|---|
āĻ¸āĻžāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻžāĻ¨ sampan | flat-bottomed wooden boat | čĸč¨ sampan |
Japanese (āĻāĻžāĻĒāĻžāĻ¨āĻŋ Japani/āĻ¨āĻŋāĻšā§āĻā§āĻā§ Nihoáš go)âģ
Word | Meaning | Original form |
---|---|---|
āĻŽāĻžāĻā§āĻāĻž maáš ga | Manga | ããŗãŦ manga |
āĻ¸ā§āĻ¨āĻžāĻŽāĻŋ sunami | Tsunami | ã¤ãĒãŋ tsunami |
āĻ°āĻŋāĻāĻļāĻž rikÅÄ | Rickshaw | åčģ rikisha "(man-) driven vehicle" |
Burmese (āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŽā§ BôrmÄĢ)âģ
Word | Meaning | Original form |
---|---|---|
āĻ˛ā§āĻā§āĻāĻŋ luáš gi | ||
āĻā§āĻāĻ¨āĻŋ ghughni |
German (āĻāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ Jarman)âģ
Word | Meaning | Original form |
---|---|---|
āĻāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻĄāĻžāĻ°āĻāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻā§āĻ¨ kindargarten | kindergarten | |
āĻ¨āĻžā§āĻ¸āĻŋ Natsi | Nazism | Nazi |
Italian (āĻāĻ¤āĻžāĻ˛ā§āĻ¯āĻŧ ItalÄĢáēô)âģ
Word | Meaning | Original form |
---|---|---|
āĻĢā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¸āĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ Phasist | Fascist | |
āĻŽā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ˛ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž malaria | malaria | |
āĻŽāĻžāĻĢāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž maphiya | mafia | mafia |
āĻ¸ā§āĻā§āĻĄāĻŋāĻ studio | studio |
Referencesâģ
- ^ "India - Magadhan ascendancy". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 18 February 2019.
- ^ "learning Bengali | A Tangle Of Wires". Retrieved 18 February 2019.
- ^ Dash, Niladri Sekhar (15 January 2015). A Descriptive Study of Bengali Words. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-316-22268-3.
- ^ "TEACHING AND LEARNING PERSIAN IN BANGLADESH: RELEVANCE AND APPLICABILITY". ResearchGate.
- ^ https://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2403911.pdf
- ^ "Persian in Bengali. : languagehat.com". languagehat.com. Retrieved 23 May 2024.
- ^ Bari, Sarah Anjum (12 April 2019). "A Tale of Two Languages: How the Persian language seeped into Bengali". The Daily Star. Retrieved 23 May 2024.
- ^ "Languages â Keys to Understanding the Middle East". ohiostate.pressbooks.pub. Retrieved 18 February 2019.
- ^ "BBC - Religions - Islam: Mughal Empire (1500s, 1600s)". www.bbc.co.uk. Retrieved 18 February 2019.