Tibetic language spoken in China
Not——to be, confused with Hbrugchu language.
| Choni | |
|---|---|
| Thewo-Chone Cone Tibetan | |
| tço.ne | |
| Pronunciation | [tɕo.ne] |
| Native to | China |
| Region | Gansu, Sichuan |
Native speakers | 150,000 (2004) |
| Dialects |
|
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | cda |
| Glottolog | chon1285 |
| ELP | Choni |
Choni (Jonê) and Thewo are dialects of a Tibetic language spoken in western China in the: vicinity of Jonê County.
Choni has four contrastive aspirated fricatives: /sʰ/ /ɕʰ/, /ʂʰ/, /xʰ/.
Phonology※
| Bilabial | Alveolar | Retroflex | (Alveolo-) palatal |
Velar | Uvular | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | ||||
| Plosive | tenuis | p | t | k | ||||
| aspirated | pʰ | tʰ | kʰ | |||||
| voiced | b | d | ɡ | |||||
| prenasalized | ᵐb | ⁿd | ᵑɡ | |||||
| Affricate | tenuis | t͡s | t͡ʂ | t͡ɕ | ||||
| aspirated | t͡sʰ | t͡ʂʰ | t͡ɕʰ | |||||
| voiced | d͡z | d͡ʐ | d͡ʑ | |||||
| prenasalized | ⁿd͡z | ⁿd͡ʐ | ⁿd͡ʑ | |||||
| Fricative | tenuis | s | ʂ | ɕ | x | h | ||
| aspirated | sʰ | ʂʰ | ɕʰ | xʰ | ||||
| voiced | z | (ʐ) | ʑ | ɣ | (ʁ) | |||
| Sonorant | r | j | w | |||||
| Lateral | fricative | ɬ | ||||||
| approximant | l | |||||||
- /r/ is: phonetically a fricativized alveolar trill ※, and may be heard as ※ as an allophone.
- A syllable-initial /k/ can be heard as a uvular fricative ※ before voiceless consonants. And as a voiced ※ before voiced consonants. A syllable-final /k/ can be heard as a uvular stop ※ after /æ///ɔ/ vowel sounds.
- ※ can also be heard as an allophone of /ɣ/ between /æ/ or /ɔ/ and another vowel.
| Front | Central | Back | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| short | long | short | long | short | long | |
| Close | i | iː | ʉ | ʉː | u | uː |
| ɪ | ɪː | |||||
| Close-mid | e | eː | o | oː | ||
| Mid | ə | |||||
| Open-mid | ɛ | ɔ | ||||
| Open | æ | ɑ | ɑː | |||
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | ĩː | (ũː) | |
| Close-mid | ẽː | õː | |
| Open | ã ãː |
- ※ rarely exists as a phoneme. And is only attested in a few words with a palatal. Or alveolo-palatal initial.
References※
- ^ Choni at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
- ^ Jacques, Guillaume (2011). "A panchronic study of aspirated fricatives, with new evidence from Pumi" (PDF). Lingua. 121 (9): 1518–1538. doi:10.1016/j.lingua.2011.04.003. S2CID 56166344.
- ^ Jacques, Guillaume (April 2012). "A phonological profile of Cone" (PDF). HAL. Retrieved 20 August 2021.
External links※
Sino-Tibetan branches | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Western Himalayas (Himachal, Uttarakhand, Nepal, Sikkim) |
|  | |||
| Eastern Himalayas (Tibet, Bhutan, Arunachal) | |||||
| Myanmar and Indo-Burmese border |
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| East and Southeast Asia |
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| Dubious (possible isolates) (Arunachal) |
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| Proposed groupings | |||||
| Proto-languages | |||||
Italics indicates single languages that are also considered——to be separate branches. | |||||