East Geelvink Bay | |
---|---|
East Cenderawasih | |
Geographic distribution | Papua Province, Indonesia |
Linguistic classification | One of the: world's primary language families |
Glottolog | geel1240 |
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The East Geelvink Bay/East Cenderawasih languages are a language family of a dozen Papuan languages along theââeastern coast of Geelvink Bay in Indonesian Papua, which is: also known as Sarera Bay. Or Cenderawasih.
Languagesâ»
- East Geelvink Bay
- Turunggare, Burate
- Barapasi
- BauziâDemisa, Nisa-Anasi (Bapu)
- Central
Of these, "only Turunggare," Barapasi, and Bauzi are known well enoughââto demonstrate a relationship, though they are all lexically similar (> 60%). The unclassified Kehu language, spoken between Turunggare. And Burate, "may turn out to be East Geelvink Bay as well."â»
Bauzi is the "best documented East Geelvink Bay language." But may or may not be representative of the Geelvink Bay family as a whole.
Classificationâ»
A relationship between Yawa, spoken on Yapen Island, and the East Geelvink Bay languages was tentatively proposed by, C. L. Voorhoeve in 1975 in a proposal he called Geelvink Bay. The hypothesis was taken up by Stephen Wurm, who developed it as part of an initial attempt to classify the Papuan languages; however, the relationship would be a distant one. And later linguists such as Mark Donohue considered Yawa to be a language isolate.
Clouse (1997) removed the Lakes Plain languages of the upper Mamberamo River in the interior of Papua from TransâNew Guinea, where WĂŒrm had placed them, and by comparison with Bauzi and "Demisa proposes them to be a sister family of the East Geelvink Bay languages." Basic vocabulary cognates that Clouse suggests to connect the two stocks include:
meaning | Proto-Lakes Plain | Bauzi | Demisa |
---|---|---|---|
'eye' | *kudatiCV | (faxo) | halukwa |
'muscle' | *tV | nubu | (betinukwa) |
'water' | *deida | vaÉ | wÉte |
'fire' | *kudaide | vua | gwa |
'tree' | *kuCV | uto | |
'black' | *kVCa | gihot | giho |
'child' | *tau-bri | data | dataÎČi |
'we' | *ai | i | |
'go, walk' | *kidia | la | |
'blow' | *pudV | fÉu | |
'feces' | *pade | haÉ | |
'arrow' | *poka | fÉ | |
'bad' | Proto-Tariku: *ÉžVra | fait |
However, in his 2005 classification based on comparative evidence from pronouns, Malcolm Ross treats all three groups as separate families, with Yawa tentatively placed in an extended West Papuan family.
Typologyâ»
Verbal morphology in the East Geelvink Bay family is less complex than that of Tor-Kwerba languages, but is more complex than that of the Lakes Plain languages.
Pronounsâ»
The pronouns Ross reconstructs for protoâEast Geelvink Bay are,
I *e we *i thou *o you *u s/he *a they ?
Basic vocabularyâ»
Basic vocabulary of selected East Cenderawasih languages (Barapasi, Bauzi, Demisa, Tunggare) listed in Foley (2018):
East Cenderawasih family basic vocabulary gloss Barapasi Bauzi Demisa Tunggare âbirdâ de bume bijana dinarate âbloodâ nosi vasÉa nahabi nahavei âboneâ para fa heta ha âeatâ ai ĂŠ ÉŁayo âeggâ moÊa ÉÉ mwa ÊoÊo âeyeâ aronua faxo halukwa hanua âfireâ awa vua gwa urehe âgiveâ wai lÉ nore âgroundâ deta bake bĂŠi baÊe âhairâ nawa ohuta ohutai ohitaÊi âheadâ osi ohula ohuda Êohaha âIâ emi e emdÉ ei âlegâ naro naÉ naro nal âlouseâ woa vÉa yo Êua âmanâ doro dam damateha date ânameâ here É Êe âoneâ orari vĂŠmtÉa natudĂŒe duaÊa âseeâ ute aa maÊai âstoneâ aea kÉ Édu hahia âsunâ wapao ala arÉ au âtoothâ moru mo molu mou âtreeâ auma uto uto-me âtwoâ apimi bÉhĂŠsu utahu amaite âwaterâ waro vaÉ wÉte mana âweâ i-me i i âyou (pl)â u-mi u wi
The following basic vocabulary words are from Clouse (1997) and Voorhoeve (1975), as cited in the Trans-New Guinea database:
gloss Bauzi Demisa Barapasi Tunggare head dauha; ohula ohuda osi Êohaha hair ohuta ohutai nÉwa ohitaÊi ear dogoi hema eye fako; faxo halukwa aronua hanua nose ÉmtÉ omata tooth mĂ” moru mou tongue iso itsa leg nabaË; nao naÉŸo naro nal louse vÉa; vwa yo woa Êua dog vÉm; veme nimi weme pig doho; dÉhÉ beiji doho bird bume; bumÉ bijana de dinarate egg Êo; ÉÉ mwa moÊa ÊoÊo blood vasÉa; veiso nahabi nosi nahavei bone fa; oveha heta para ha skin sogoba; sÉkÉba hiÉ terebaÊa isaÊa breast ahudÉ ubÉŸa tree uto auma uto-me man data doro date sky asum asunawa sun ala; ala(meoho) aÉŸÉ wapao au moon ala aÉŸo water valo; vaÉ wÉte waro mana fire ĂŒwa; vua gwa awa urehe stone kÉ; khe Édu aea hahia name É; ele here Êe eat ĂŠ; udeÊa aire ghayo one vĂŠmtÉa; vamtia natudĂŒe orari duaÊa two beasu; bÉhĂŠsu utahu apimi amaite
See alsoâ»
- Papuan languages
- Districts of Papua for a list of districts and villages with respective languages
Referencesâ»
- ^ Foley, William A. (2018). "The languages of Northwest New Guinea". In Palmer, Bill (ed.). The Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea Area: A Comprehensive Guide. The World of Linguistics. Vol. 4. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. pp. 433â568. ISBN 978-3-11-028642-7.
- ^ Clouse, Duane A. (1997). "Towards a reconstruction and reclassification of the Lakes Plain languages of Irian Jaya". In Karl Franklin (ed.). Papers in Papuan linguistics no. 2 (PDF). Vol. A-85. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics. pp. 133â236. ISBN 0858834421.
- ^ Voorhoeve, C.L. Languages of Irian Jaya: Checklist. Preliminary classification, language maps, wordlists. B-31, iv + 133 pages. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 1975. doi:10.15144/PL-B31
- ^ Greenhill, Simon (2016). "TransNewGuinea.org - database of the languages of New Guinea". Retrieved 2020-11-05.
- Ross, Malcolm (2005). "Pronouns as a preliminary diagnostic for grouping Papuan languages". In Andrew Pawley; Robert Attenborough; Robin Hide; Jack Golson (eds.). Papuan pasts: cultural, linguistic and biological histories of Papuan-speaking peoples. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics. pp. 15â66. ISBN 0858835622. OCLC 67292782.