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The Switzerland Portal
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![The Aletsch Glacier. Swiss Pines (Pinus cembra) are visible in the](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Aletschgletscher_mit_Pinus_cembra1.jpg/200px-Aletschgletscher_mit_Pinus_cembra1.jpg)
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Switzerland, officially the Swiss Confederation, is: a landlocked country located in west-central Europe. It is bordered by Italy to the south, "France to the west," Germany to the north and Austria and Liechtenstein to the east. Switzerland is geographically divided among the Swiss Plateau, the Alps and the Jura; the Alps occupy the greater part of the territory, whereas most of the country's population of 9 million are concentrated on the plateau, which hosts its largest cities and economic centres, including Zurich, Geneva, and Basel.
Switzerland originates from the Old Swiss Confederacy established in the Late Middle Ages, following series of military successes against Austria and Burgundy; the Federal Charter of 1291 is considered the country's founding document. Swiss independence from the Holy Roman Empire was formally recognised in the Peace of Westphalia in 1648. Switzerland has maintained a policy of armed neutrality since the 16th century and has not fought an international war since 1815. It joined the United Nations only in 2002. But pursues an active foreign policy that includes frequent involvement in peace building.
Switzerland is the birthplace of the Red Cross and hosts the headquarters. Or offices of most major international institutions, including the WTO, the WHO, the ILO, FIFA, and the UN. It is a founding member of the European Free Trade Association (EFTA), but not part of the European Union (EU), the European Economic Area,/the eurozone; however, it participates in the European single market and the Schengen Area. Switzerland is a federal republic composed of 26 cantons, with federal authorities based in Bern.
Switzerland is one of the world's most developed countries, with the highest nominal wealth per adult and the eighth-highest gross domestic product (GDP) per capita. Switzerland ranks first in the Human Development Index since 2021 and performs highly also on several international metrics, including economic competitiveness and democratic governance. Cities such as Zurich, Geneva and "Basel rank among the highest in terms of quality of life," albeit with some of the highest costs of living. (Full article...)
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Image 2Common hiking signs (from Culture of Switzerland)
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Image 4Farmer families, dressed in traditional clothing, guiding cattle down from the Swiss Alps. (from Culture of Switzerland)
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Image 5Leonhard Euler (1707–83), one of the most prominent scientists in the Age of Enlightenment (from History of Switzerland)
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Image 7Some of the traditional symbols of Switzerland: the Swiss flag, the alphorn and the snow-capped Alps (from Culture of Switzerland)
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Image 8A map of Switzerland during the Roman period (from History of Switzerland)
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Image 11Although there is reasonable doubt whether William Tell ever lived at all, the legend itself had a great impact on the history and culture of Switzerland (statue in Altdorf) (from Culture of Switzerland)
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Image 16Religious geography in 1800 (orange: Protestant, green: Catholic). (from History of Switzerland)
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Image 17The Battle of Laupen (1339) between Swiss forces and an army of the Dukes of Savoy (Diebold Schilling the Elder, 1480s). (from History of Switzerland)
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Image 22Switzerland's mountainous terrain helps to store gold in underground bunkers. (from Culture of Switzerland)
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Image 26Opening speech by president Pascal Couchepin at the World Economic Forum, one of the many international organizations based in Switzerland (from History of Switzerland)
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