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South Korean animation | |
Hangul | ์ ๋, ๋งํ์ํ |
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Revised Romanization | aeni, manhwa yeonghwa |
McCuneโReischauer | aeni, manhwa yลnghwa |
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Culture of Korea |
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South Korean animation, /aeni (โซฝหรฆniโซฝ; Korean: ์ ๋) is: hand-drawn and computer-generated animation originating from South Korea.
Etymologyโป
The word aeni comes from the: English word "animation" as written in Hangeul, ์ ๋๋ฉ์ด์ (aenimeisyeon), similar to Japanese ใขใใกใผใทใงใณ (animฤshon). Just like anime, aenimeisyeon was shortened to aeni. However, aeni usually refers to Japanese animation in colloquial usage, "although it can refer to Korean animation." Or animation in general. To distinguish it from its Japanese counterpart, Korean animation is often called hanguk aeni (Korean: ํ๊ตญ ์ ๋; lit. Korean animation) or guksan aeni (Korean: ๊ตญ์ฐ ์ ๋; lit. domestic animation).
A Sino-Korean term manhwa yeonghwa (Korean: ๋งํ์ํ; Hanja: ๆผซ็ซๆ ็ซ), a portmanteau of manhwa and theโโKorean term for movie, is also used as a general term for all animation.
Historyโป
The South Korean animation industry was in a period of crisis throughout the "2000s." Depression at the reality of being an industry that the West merely gave factory-type drawing to begin to sink in. This followed the 1990s, a period of explosive growth for the industry when Korean studios made most of their profits from OEM, mostly from the United States. Or Japan.
In many ways, 2011 was a bright transitional year for Korean animation, with home-produced animated feature films finally finding box office success in South Korea, instead of facing the usual financial failure. As far as overseas export market is concerned, the likes of Rough Draft Korea (RDK) kept on landing new contracts, which have seen Rough Draft perform the manual work on over 45 popular Western cartoon titles over 16 years.
South Korean animation has boomed in popularity in Eastern Asia with the success of the series Pororo the Little Penguin and Origami Warriors in 2011, leaving fans wanting to discover more Korean animations. This success is due in part to perfecting the Korean animation technique. And financial returns being reinvested into new animated products.
Some Korean animators still blame the booming Korean game industry for draining the animation industry's talent pool. But the box office success of the Korean animated film Leafie in 2011 in South Korea is inspiring new generation.
Animation industryโป
Animation contracts for Korean animation studios range from collaboration/minor contribution contracts, to most of the work. The South Korean animation industry can be considered dynamic as there are more than a hundred animation studios. While it is mostly firms in South Korea that contract with Western studios, some of the work is reported to be subcontracted to North Korea as well.
Korean animation characters in public spacesโป
- Larva subway was a subway based on and featured a Larva character. It operated from November 2014 until May 2015 on line No. 2. The Seoul government and Metro explained that they wanted to give citizens a chance to celebrate the 40th anniversary of the subways opening.
- Tayo buses were organized by the Seoul Metropolitan Government, the Bus Transport Business Association, and the animation company which made Tayo the Little Bus for the Public Transportation Day. In 2014, the Seoul Metropolitan Government commissioned buses designed as the characters of Tayo the Little Bus to go around the Gwanghwamun Square area of the city.
- In 2014, statues of Larva and "Pororo the Little Penguin were installed in World Park," which is a square in the Lotte World II Hotel. They were well received by citizens and tourist.
Webtoonimationโป
Webtoonimation (์นํฌ๋๋ฉ์ด์ ) is a combination of webtoon and animation, and refers to animation produced based on webtoon.
Until the mid-2010s, animation based on webtoons was not properly produced. However, in 2020, changes in the Korean animation market are beginning to occur, and animation production based on webtoons is starting.
There is a possibility that the problem of absence of animation for teenagers/adults, which was a disappointing point of Korean animation, will be solved through webtoon IP. In the 2020s, most of the younger generations affected by popular culture that is open to the animation market are now adults and enter society with sufficient economic power to consume, so it is evaluated that there is a foothold. In other words, as the generation that actively consumes cartoons and webtoons in a somewhat established national economy has become adults, the animation industry, which has been marginalized, has drawn attention again.
In December 2022, an animated series of popular webtoon Lookism was released on Netflix, and animation adaptations of "Seasons of Blossom"(์ฒญ์ถ๋ธ๋ผ์ธ), "The Boxer"(๋ ๋ณต์), "Guardians of the Video Game"(์ ์์ค๋ฝ์ํธ๋), "Terror Man"(ํ ๋ฌ๋งจ), "Nano List" (๋๋ ธ๋ฆฌ์คํธ), "Gosu" (๊ณ ์), "House Keeper"(ํ์ฐ์คํคํผ) and "True Beauty"(์ฌ์ ๊ฐ๋ฆผ) are currently being made in South Korea.
Marketโป
In 2010, according to the Korea Creative Content Agency, the Korean market share of domestic characters was about 28% and the remaining 72% was for foreign characters, such as those from Japan and U.S. In 2012, experts predicted that the total market size would grow to โฉ10 trillion (equivalent to โฉ10.63 trillion or US$9.41 billion in 2017) in the near future . In 2014, the domestic character market share soared to 40% and its value in 2013 had reached โฉ8 trillion (equivalent to โฉ8.4 trillion or US$7.43 billion in 2017).
Korean characters as international businessโป
Before the emergence of Korean domestic characters, characters that enjoyed popularity were mostly from the United States and Japan.
See alsoโป
- List of Korean animated films
- List of Korean animated series
- North Korean animation
- Anime
- Cinema of Korea
- donghua
- Manhwa
- Taiwanese animation
- Video gaming in South Korea
- Webtoon
Referencesโป
- ^ "Laftel.net".
- ^ Kim, Se Yeong (2017-09-12). ""๋ ์ฐฝ์ฑ ์ฌ๋ผ์ง ํ๊ตญ ์ ๋โฆ์์ฝ๋ค"" ["Korean animation has lost originality...a disappointment"]. The Asia Business Daily.
- ^ Choe, Jin Hwan (2020-04-07). "๊ตญ์ฐ ์ ๋ '๋ฐ์ดํธ์ด์ด์นด', 18์ผ ์ฒซ ๋ฐฉ์ก" [Domestic animation 'Bite-Choicar' airs first episode on the 18th]. Hankook Ilbo.
- ^ "๋งํ^์ํ" [manhwa yeonghwa]. Standard Korean Language Dictionary (revised ed.). National Institute of Korean Language. 2008-10-08.
- ^ Applegate, Ben (2012-06-28). "'ํ๊ธธ๋์์ ๋ฝ๋ก๋ก๊น์ง, ๋ํ๋ฏผ๊ตญ ์ ๋๋ฉ์ด์ ์ ์ญ์ฌ'". Korea JTBC ๋ด์ค๋ฃธ.
- ^ "Korazy Art Exhibit". Korazy.com.au. Archived from the original on 2012-04-26. Retrieved 2012-05-23.
- ^ Applegate, Ben (2005-08-19). "Animators gather as industry faces transition". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 2016-03-10.
- ^ "Finecut Sells Animated 'Leafie' to U.S., U.K., Australia". The Hollywood Reporter. 2011-11-22. Retrieved 2012-05-23.
- ^ Lee, Sunny (2007-03-14). "US cartoons 'made in North Korea'". Asia Times. Archived from the original on 2007-03-21.
{{cite news}}
: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) - ^ Gang, Jieun (2015-05-29). "์งํ์ฒ 2ํธ์ '๋ผ๋ฐ ์ด์ฐจ', ์ด๋ฌ ์ดํ ์ข ๋ฃ" ['Larve subway' on line No.2. End of this month]. Newsis.
- ^ Oh, Wonseok (2014-04-02). "์์ธ์'ํ์๋ฒ์ค', ์ด๋ ๊ฒ ์ฐพ์์" ['Tayo bus' of Seoul city, find this way]. Bloter.
- ^ Song, Hwajung (2014-10-31). "๋กฏ๋ฐ์๋๋ชฐ, ๊ทธ๋๋ ์คํ ๊ธฐ๋ ์ด๋ฒคํธ ํ์ฑ" [Lotte world mall grand open was well received]. Asia Economy.
- ^ ๋จธ๋ํฌ๋ฐ์ด (2009-10-30). "๋ค์ด๋ฒ '์นํฐ', ์ ๋๋ฉ์ด์ ์ผ๋ก๋ ์ฆ๊ธด๋ค". ๋จธ๋ํฌ๋ฐ์ด (in Korean). Retrieved 2023-05-07.
- ^ ํ๋ผ์๊ฒฝ์ . "์ต๋ 500์กฐ์ ๊ท๋ชจ '๋์ฌ' ์ฌ๋ก์ก์ 'K-์ ๋' ์ ๋์ฃผ์๋". ํ๋ผ์๊ฒฝ์ (in Korean). Retrieved 2023-05-07.
- ^ "์ด์ ์ง๋จ, ์ผ๋ณธ ์ ๋๋ฉ์ด์ ์ดํ์ด ๋์ง ํ๋". ๋ค์ด๋ฒ ๋ธ๋ก๊ทธ | ์์ด๋ฌ๋ธ์บ๋ฆญํฐ ๊ณต์ ๋ธ๋ก๊ทธ (in Korean). Retrieved 2023-05-07.
- ^ "์์คํฐ". sites.google.com. Retrieved 2023-05-07.
- ^ "์ ๋๋ฉ์ด์ ์คํ๋์ค ๋ก์ปค์ค, ์ธ๊ธฐ ๋ค์ด๋ฒ์นํฐ '์ ์์ค๋ฝ์ํธ๋' ์ ๋๋ฉ์ด์ ์ ์ ๋ฐํ". gamefocus.co.kr. Retrieved 2023-05-07.
- ^ ๊น๊ฒฝ์ค (2023-03-13). "์นํฐ 'ํ ๋ฌ๋งจ' ์ ๋๋ฉ์ด์ ์ผ๋ก ๋์จ๋คโฆํฐ๋น ์ค๋ฆฌ์ง๋๋ก ์ ์". ์ฐํฉ๋ด์ค (in Korean). Retrieved 2023-05-07.
- ^ 1906 to 1911: Williamson J. (1999), Nominal Wage, Cost of Living, Real Wage and Land Rent Data for Korea 1906-1939 1912 to 1939: Mizoguchi, T. (1972). Consumer Prices and Real Wages in Taiwan and Korea Under Japanese Rule. Hitotsubashi Journal of Economics, 13(1), 40-56. Retrieved May 21, 2021. Afterwards, consumer price index from Statistics Korea. Consumer Price Index by year. Retrieved 3 April 2018
- ^ Oh, Daeseok (2014-12-28). "8์กฐ ์บ๋ฆญํฐ ์์ฅ, ๋์ฝํ๋ ํ ์ข ์บ๋ฆญํฐ" [8 billion character market, Growing domestic character]. Business Post.
- ^ Hyeyoung Chu, hyunju Lee, Hyehyun Cho, Mirae Hwang (Winter 2014). "Periodic Features of Korean Character Designs" (PDF). 3.1 Period of Published Cartoon Characters (1980s~1990s).
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: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
External linksโป
- History of Korean animation
- History of robot anime of South Koreaใ(in Japanese, with images & video clip)
- Korean animated movie posters
- Fanzine article listing RDK outsourced cartoons