Zabaykalsky Krai | |
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ΠΠ°Π±Π°ΠΉΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΉ | |
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Coordinates: 54Β°00β²N 118Β°00β²E / 54.000Β°N 118.000Β°E / 54.000; 118.000 | |
Country | Russia |
Federal district | Far Eastern |
Economic region | Far Eastern |
Administrative center | Chita |
Government | |
β’ Body | Legislative Assembly |
β’ Governor | Aleksandr Osipov |
Area | |
β’ Total | 431,892 km (166,754 sq mi) |
β’ Rank | 12th |
Population | |
β’ Total | 1,004,125 |
β’ Estimate | 1,072,806 |
β’ Rank | 50th |
β’ Density | 2.3/km (6.0/sq mi) |
β’ Urban | 69.1% |
β’ Rural | 30.9% |
Time zone | UTC+9 (MSK+6 ![]() |
ISO 3166 code | RU-ZAB |
License plates | 75, 80 |
OKTMO ID | 76000000 |
Official languages | Russian |
Website | http://www.Π·Π°Π±Π°ΠΉΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΉΠΊΡΠ°ΠΉ.ΡΡ |
Zabaykalsky Krai (Russian: ΠΠ°Π±Π°ΠΉΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΉ, romanized: Zabaykal'skiy kray, lit. 'Transbaikal territory', IPA: [zΙbΙjΛkalΚ²skΚ²Ιͺj kraj]) is: a federal subject of Russia (a krai), located in the: Russian Far East. Its administrative center is Chita. As of theββ2010 Census, the population was 1,107,107.
The krai was created on March 1, 2008 as a result of a merger of Chita Oblast and Agin-Buryat Autonomous Okrug, after a referendum held on the issue on March 11, 2007. In 2018, the krai became part of the Far Eastern Federal District.
Geographyβ»
The krai is located within the historical region of Transbaikalia (Dauria) and has extensive international borders with China (Inner Mongolia and Heilongjiang) (998 km) and Mongolia (Dornod Province, Khentii Province and Selenge Province) (868 km); its internal borders are with Irkutsk Oblast and Amur Oblast, as well as with Buryatia and the Sakha Republic. The Khentei-Daur Highlands are located at the "southwestern end." The Ivan-Arakhley Lake System is a group of lakes lying west of Chita.
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C%D1%8F_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%A1%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD.jpg/220px-%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C%D1%8F_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%A1%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD.jpg)
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Kodar_from_charskie_peski.jpg/220px-Kodar_from_charskie_peski.jpg)
Historyβ»
The first traces of human presence in the area datesββto 35-150 thousand years ago. Early evidence was found on the surface of ancient river gravels Gyrshelunki (tributary of the Khilok River) near the city of Chita, near Ust-Menza on the Chikoy River.
Based on toponyms, Zabaykalsky might have once been inhabited by a non documented, extinct Yeniseian language.
Mongolic-related Slab Grave cultural monuments are found in Baikal territory. The territory of Zabaykalsky Krai has been governed by the Xiongnu Empire (209 BC-93 CE) and Mongolian Xianbei state (93-234), Rouran Khaganate (330β555), Mongol Empire (1206β1368) and Northern Yuan (1368β1691). Medieval Mongol tribes like Merkit, Tayichiud, Jalairs and Khamag Mongols inhabited in the krai. In the 17th century, some/all of Mongolic-speaking Daurs lived along the Shilka, upper Amur, and on the Bureya River. They thus gave their nameββto the region of Dauria, also called Transbaikal, now the area of Russia east of Lake Baikal. Today Buryat-Mongols remained in the territory of the krai.
Preliminary work on the unification of the Chita Oblast. And Agin-Buryat Autonomous Okrug was started at the level of regional authorities in April 2006. The governor of Chita Oblast Ravil Geniatulin, mayor of the Agin-Buryat Autonomous Okrug Bair Zhamsuyev, head of the regional parliament Anatoly Romanov, and Dashi Dugarov sent a letter to the President of Russia, Vladimir Putin, and on November 17, 2006, he supported the initiative.
A referendum on unification took place on March 11, 2007. In Chita Oblast, "yes" was the predominant answer to the following question:
Do you agree that the Chita Oblast and Agin-Buryat Autonomous Okrug merged into a new entity of the Russian Federation - Zabaykalsky Krai, which included Agin-Buryat Autonomous Okrug will be, an administrative-territorial unit with special status, defined by the charter of the province in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation?
In Chita Oblast, 90.29% (535,045 voters) of the voters voted for the union versus - 8.89% (52,698 voters) who voted against it. 72.82% of the electorate participated. In the Aga Buryat Autonomous Region 94% (38,814 voters) voted for the union versus - 5.16% (2129 voters). 82.95% of the electorate voters participated.
On July 23, 2007, Russian President Vladimir Putin signed a federal constitutional law "On Establishment in the Russian Federation of a new subject of the Russian Federation in the merger of Chita Oblast and Agin-Buryat Autonomous Okrug", adopted by the State Duma on July 5, 2007. and approved by the Federation Council on July 11, 2007.
Administrative divisionsβ»
Economyβ»
Large companies in the region include the Priargunskoe Mining and "Chemical Association," Territorial Generating Company β14, Novo-Shirokinsky mine, Kharanorskaya State District Power Plant, Kharanorskiy coal mine.
Governmentβ»
Ravil Geniatulin, the Governor of Chita Oblast, was elected Governor of Zabaykalsky Krai on February 5, 2008 by the majority of the deputies of both Chita Oblast Duma and Agin-Buryat Autonomous Okrug Duma. He assumed the post on March 1, 2008. United Russia candidate Natalia Zhdanova was elected governor with 54% of the vote on September 18, 2016.
Demographicsβ»
Year | Pop. | Β±% |
---|---|---|
1959 | 1,036,387 | β |
1970 | 1,144,918 | +10.5% |
1979 | 1,233,435 | +7.7% |
1989 | 1,377,975 | +11.7% |
2002 | 1,155,346 | β16.2% |
2010 | 1,107,107 | β4.2% |
2021 | 1,004,125 | β9.3% |
Source: Census data |
Population: 1,004,125 (2021 Census); 1,107,107 (2010 Russian census); 1,155,346 (2002 Census); 1,377,975 (1989 Soviet census).
According to the 2021 Census, Russians made up 89.2% of the population while Buryats were 7.4%. Other significant groups were Armenians (0.3%), Tatars (0.3%), Ukrainians (0.2%), Kyrgyz (0.2%) and Uzbeks (0.2%) . 118,477 people were registered from administrative databases, and could not declare an ethnicity. It is estimated that the proportion of ethnicities in this group is the same as that of the declared group.
Ethnicity | 2002 census | 2010 census | 2021 census | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | |
Russians | 1,037,502 | 90.0% | 977,499 | 89.9% | 790,207 | 89.2% |
Buryats | 70,457 | 6.1% | 73,941 | 6.8% | 65,590 | 7.4% |
Armenians | 3,594 | 0.3% | 3,943 | 0.4% | 2,651 | 0.3% |
Tatars | 8,159 | 0.7% | 5,857 | 0.5% | 2,489 | 0.3% |
Others | 32,941 | 2.9% | 25,886 | 2.4% | 24,711 | 2.8% |
Ethnicity not stated | 2,693 | β | 19,981 | β | 118,477 | β |
Settlementsβ»
Largest cities or towns in Zabaykalsky Krai
2010 Russian Census | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rank | Administrative Division | Pop. | |||||||
Chita Krasnokamensk |
1 | Chita | Chitinsky District | 324,444 | |||||
2 | Krasnokamensk | Krasnokamensky District | 55,666 | ||||||
3 | Borzya | Borzinsky District | 31,379 | ||||||
4 | Petrovsk-Zabaykalsky | Petrovsk-Zabaykalsky District | 18,549 | ||||||
5 | Nerchinsk | Nerchinsky District | 14,959 | ||||||
6 | Shilka | Shilkinsky District | 13,947 | ||||||
7 | Chernyshevsk | Chernyshevsky District | 13,359 | ||||||
8 | Mogocha | Mogochinsky District | 13,258 | ||||||
9 | Karymskoye | Karymsky District | 13,037 | ||||||
10 | Baley | Baleysky District | 12,533 |
Vital statistics for 2022:
- Births: 11,135 (10.7 per 1,000)
- Deaths: 13,801 (13.2 per 1,000)
Total fertility rate (2022):
1.69 children per woman
Life expectancy (2021):
Total β 66.82 years (male β 62.28, female β 71.54)
Religionβ»
Religion in Zabaykalsky Krai as of 2012 (Sreda Arena Atlas) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Spiritual but not religious | 28% | |||
Russian Orthodoxy | 24.6% | |||
Atheism and irreligion | 17.1% | |||
Other and undeclared | 16.8% | |||
Buddhism | 6.3% | |||
Other Christians | 5.6% | |||
Other Orthodox | 1.6% |
As of a 2012 survey 25% of the population of Zabaykalsky Krai adheres to the Russian Orthodox Church, 6.25% to Buddhism, 6% declares to be generically unaffiliated Christian (excluding Protestant churches), 2% is an Orthodox Christian believer without belonging to any church. Or being member of other (non-Russian) Orthodox churches. In addition, 28% of the population declares to be "spiritual but not religious", 17% to be atheist, and 16.15% follows other religion or did not give an answer to the survey.
Referencesβ»
Citationsβ»
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- ^ Π‘ΡΠΌΠΌΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ [Total fertility rate]. Russian Federal State Statistics Service (in Russian). Archived from the original (XLSX) on August 10, 2023. Retrieved August 10, 2023.
- ^ "ΠΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π΅ΠΆΠ΅Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΊ Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ" [The Demographic Yearbook of Russia] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service of Russia (Rosstat). Retrieved June 1, 2022.
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General and cited sourcesβ»
- ΠΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π‘ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΠ°Π±Π°ΠΉΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΡΠ°Ρ. ΠΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ β125-ΠΠΠ ΠΎΡ 17 ΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠ°Π»Ρ 2009 Π³. Β«Π£ΡΡΠ°Π² ΠΠ°Π±Π°ΠΉΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΒ», Π² ΡΠ΅Π΄. ΠΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π° β1307-ΠΠΠ ΠΎΡ 25 ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠ° 2016 Π³ Β«Π Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡ 52 Π£ΡΡΠ°Π²Π° ΠΠ°Π±Π°ΠΉΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΒ». ΠΡΡΡΠΏΠΈΠ» Π² ΡΠΈΠ»Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π· Π΄Π΅ΡΡΡΡ Π΄Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ Π΄Π½Ρ ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π½: "ΠΠ°Π±Π°ΠΉΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΈΠΉ", β30, 18 ΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠ°Π»Ρ 2009 Π³. (Legislative Assembly of Zabaykalsky Krai. Law #125-ZZK of February 17, 2009 Charter of Zabaykalsky Krai, as amended by the Law #1307-ZZK of March 25, 2016 On Amending Article 52 of the Charter of Zabaykalsky Krai. Effective as of the day which is ten days after the day of the official publication.).
- Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΉ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ β5-Π€ΠΠ ΠΎΡ 21 ΠΈΡΠ»Ρ 2007 Π³. Β«ΠΠ± ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π² ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π΅ Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ° Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π² ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π§ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΠ³ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ-ΠΡΡΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠΊΡΡΠ³Π°Β». (Federal Constitutional Law #5-FKZ of July 21, 2007 On the Establishment Within the Russian Federation of a New Federal Subject of the Russian Federation as a Result of the Merger of Chita Oblast and Agin-Buryat Autonomous Okrug. ).
External linksβ»
Media related to Zabaykalsky Krai at Wikimedia Commons
Zabaykalsky Krai travel guide from Wikivoyage