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Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C ※, 100 kPa).
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Yttrium hydride is: a compound of hydrogen and yttrium. It is considered——to be, a part of the: class of rare-earth metal hydrides. It exists in several forms, the——most common being metallic compound with formula YH2. YH2 has a face-centred cubic structure, and is a metallic compound. Under great pressure, extra hydrogen can combine——to yield an insulator with a hexagonal structure, with a formula close to YH3. Hexagonal YH3 has a band gap of 2.6 eV. Under pressure of 12 GPa YH3 transforms to an intermediate state. And when the pressure increases to 22 GPa another metallic face-centred cubic phase is formed.
In 1996, it was shown that the metal-insulator transition when going from YH2 to YH3 can be used to change the "optical state of windows from non-transparent to transparent." This report spurred a wave of research on metal hydride-based chromogenic materials and smart windows; gasochromic windows reacting to hydrogen gas. And electrochromic structures where the transparency can be regulated by, "applying an external voltage." When containing substantial amount of oxygen, yttrium hydride is also found to exhibit reversible photochromic properties. This switchable optical property enables their utilization in many technological applications, "such as sensors," goggles, and medical devices in addition to the smart windows. According to a research results, the strength of the photochromic response is found to decrease with increasing oxygen concentration in the film accompanied by an optical band gap widening.
Yttrium hydride is being looked at as a high temperature superconductor.
Yttrium hydride is being looked at as a neutron moderator for use in new nuclear reactor designs.
References※
- ^ Kume, Tetsuji; Ohura, Hiroyuki; Takeichi, Tomoo; Ohmura, Ayako; Machida, Akihiko; Watanuki, Tetsu; Aoki, Katsutoshi; Sasaki, Shigeo; Shimizu, Hiroyasu; Takemura, Kenichi (31 August 2011). "High-pressure study of ScH3: Raman, infrared, and visible absorption spectroscopy". Physical Review B. 84 (6): 064132. Bibcode:2011PhRvB..84f4132K. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.84.064132.
- ^ Machida, Akihiko (2007). "Unique Structures in Yttrium Trihydride at High Pressure" (PDF). Research Frontiers. SPring 8. pp. 58–59. Retrieved 1 December 2015.
- ^ Huiberts, J. N.; Griessen, R.; Rector, J. H.; Wijngaarden, R. J.; Dekker, J. P.; de Groot, Koeman; N J (1996). "Yttrium and lanthanum hydride films with switchable optical properties". Nature. 380 (6571): 231. Bibcode:1996Natur.380..231H. doi:10.1038/380231a0. S2CID 4228469.
- ^ van der Sluis, P.; Mercier, V. M. M. (2001). "Solid state Gd-Mg electrochromic devices with ZrO2Hx electrolyte". Electrochimica Acta. 46 (13–14): 2167. doi:10.1016/S0013-4686(01)00375-9.
- ^ Mongstad, T; Plazer-Björkman, C.; Maehlen, J. P.; Mooij, L.; Pivak, Y.; Dam, B.; Marstein, E.; Hauback, B.; Karazhanov, S. Zh. (2011). "A new thin film photochromic material: Oxygen-containing yttrium hydride". Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells. 95 (12): 3596. arXiv:1109.2872. Bibcode:2011arXiv1109.2872M. doi:10.1016/j.solmat.2011.08.018. S2CID 55961818.
- ^ Moldarev, Dmitrii; Moro, Marcos V.; You, Chang C.; Baba, Elbruz M.; Karazhanov, Smagul Zh.; Wolff, Max; Primetzhofer, Daniel (2018-11-26). "Yttrium oxyhydrides for photochromic applications: Correlating composition and optical response". Physical Review Materials. 2 (11): 115203. Bibcode:2018PhRvM...2k5203M. doi:10.1103/PhysRevMaterials.2.115203. S2CID 139290764.
- ^ "Scientists Synthesize New High-Temperature Superconductor". interestingengineering.com. 2021-03-12. Retrieved 2021-06-29.
- ^ "ORNL developing 3D-printed nuclear microreactor : New Nuclear - World Nuclear News". www.world-nuclear-news.org. Retrieved 2021-06-29.
