Vladimir
ΠΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡ | |
---|---|
From topββto bottom, from leftββto right: Assumption Cathedral from a bird's eye view, "Trinity Church," Vladimir Academic Drama Theater, "Center for Culture." And Art on Sobornaya, Monument to theββ850th anniversary of the "city of Vladimir," Golden Gate. | |
Location of Vladimir | |
Coordinates: 56Β°07β²43β³N 40Β°24β²21β³E / 56.12861Β°N 40.40583Β°E / 56.12861; 40.40583 | |
Country | Russia |
Federal subject | Vladimir Oblast |
First mentioned | 990 |
Government | |
β’ Body | Council of People's Deputies |
β’ Head | Dmitry Naumov [ru] |
Area | |
β’ Total | 124.59 km (48.10 sq mi) |
Elevation | 150 m (490 ft) |
Population | |
β’ Total | 345,373 |
β’ Estimate | 357,024 (+3.4%) |
β’ Rank | 51st in 2010 |
β’ Density | 2,800/km (7,200/sq mi) |
β’ Subordinated to | City of Vladimir |
β’ Capital of | Vladimir Oblast, City of Vladimir |
β’ Urban okrug | Vladimir Urban Okrug |
β’ Capital of | Vladimir Urban Okrug |
Time zone | UTC+3 (MSK ) |
Postal code(s) | 600000, 600001, 600003, 600005β600009, 600014β600018, 600020β600028, 600031β600033, 600035β600038, 600700, 600950, 600960, 600970, 600980, 600999, 992800 |
Dialing code(s) | +7 4922 |
OKTMO ID | 17701000001 |
City Day | The first Sunday of September |
Website | www |
Vladimir (Russian: ΠΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΈΜΠΌΠΈΡ, IPA: [vlΙ'dΚ²imΚ²Ιͺr] ) is a city and the administrative center of Vladimir Oblast, Russia, located on the Klyazma River, 200 kilometers (120 mi) east of Moscow. It is served by a railway and the M7 motorway. Population: 349,951 (2021 Census).
Historyβ»
Vladimir was one of the medieval capitals of Russia, with significant buildings surviving from the 12th century. Two of its Russian Orthodox cathedrals, a monastery, and associated buildings have been designated among the White Monuments of Vladimir and Suzdal, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. In the past, the city was also known as Vladimir-on-Klyazma (ΠΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡ-Π½Π°-ΠΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΠΌΠ΅) and Vladimir-Zalessky (ΠΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡ-ΠΠ°Π»Π΅ΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ), to distinguish it from another Vladimir in Volhynia (modern-day Ukraine).
Foundationβ»
The founding date of Vladimir is disputed between 990 and 1108. In the Novgorod First Chronicle, Vladimir is mentioned under the year 1108, and during the Soviet period, this year was decreed to be, its foundation year with the view that attributes the founding of the city, and its name, to Vladimir Monomakh, who inherited the region as part of the Rostov-Suzdal Principality in 1093. It is named there as Volodimer. The chronicles also describe how inhabitants from neighbouring towns, namely Suzdal and Rostov, alluded to Vladimir as a young town. Accordingly, the 850th anniversary of the city foundation was celebrated in 1958, with many monuments from the celebrations adorning the city; this enabled Nikita Khrushchev, who recently took power in the Soviet Union, to link his administration with early Russian history.
In the 1990s, a new opinion developed that the city was instead founded in 990 by Vladimir the Great, with local historians supporting the alternative foundation date and citing various chronicle sources. Scholars reinterpreted certain passages in the Hypatian Codex, which mentions that the region was visited by Vladimir the Great, the "father" of Russian Orthodoxy, in 990, so as to move the city foundation date to that year. The Charter of Vladimir, the basic law of the city passed in 2005, explicitly mentions 990 as the date of the city's foundation. The city administration officially recognizes 990 as the foundation date.
Vladimir-Suzdalβ»
The city's most historically significant events occurred after the turn of the 12th century. Serving its original purpose as a defensive outpost for the Rostov-Suzdal Principality, Vladimir had little political. Or military influence throughout the reign of Vladimir Monomakh (1113β1125),/his son Yury Dolgoruky ("Far-Reaching") (1154β1157).
Under Dolgoruky's son, Andrey Bogolyubsky (1157β1175) (also known as Andrew the Pious), the city became the center of the Vladimir-Suzdal Principality. It had a Golden Age, which lasted until the Mongol invasion of Rus' in 1237. During this time, Vladimir enjoyed immense growth and prosperity. Andrey oversaw the building of the city's Golden Gates and the Dormition Cathedral. In 1164, Andrey attempted to establish a new metropolitanate in Vladimir, separate from that of Kiev. He was rebuffed by the Patriarch of Constantinople.
Scores of Russian, German, and Georgian masons worked on Vladimir's white stone cathedrals, monastery, towers, and palaces. Unlike any other northern buildings, their exterior was elaborately carved with high relief stone sculptures. Only three of these edifices stand today: the Dormition Cathedral, the Cathedral of Saint Demetrius, and the Golden Gate. They are included among the White Monuments of Vladimir and Suzdal, designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. During Andrey's reign, a royal palace in Bogolyubovo was built, as well as the world-famous Church of the Intercession on the Nerl, now considered one of the jewels of ancient Russian architecture. Andrey was assassinated at his palace at Bogolyubovo in 1175.
Vladimir was besieged by the Mongol-Tatars of the Golden Horde under Batu Khan. It was finally overrun on February 8, 1238. A great fire destroyed thirty-two limestone buildings on the first day alone, while the grand prince's family perished in a church where they sought refuge from the flames. The grand prince escaped. But was killed at the Battle of the Sit River the following month.
Grand Principality of Moscowβ»
After the Mongols, Vladimir never fully recovered. The most important Rus' prince (usually the Prince of Moscow, but sometimes a Tver or another principality) was styled the Grand Prince of Vladimir, but the title had become an honorific symbol of majesty. From 1299 to 1325, the city was seat of the metropolitans of Kiev and All Rus', until Metropolitan Peter moved the See to Moscow in 1325.
The Grand Princes of Vladimir were originally crowned in Vladimir's Assumption Cathedral, but when Moscow superseded Vladimir in the 14th century as the seat of the Grand Prince, the Assumption Cathedral in the Moscow Kremlin became the site of their coronation. The Moscow cathedral was loosely copied by the Italian architect Aristotele Fioravanti from Vladimir's original.
After the rise of Moscow, Grand Princes of Moscow continued to build several new churches in Vladimir. Notable examples include the Annunciation Church at Snovitsy (ca. 1501), three kilometers northwest of the city, and a church in the Knyaginin Nunnery (ca. 1505), which today includes murals dating from 1648.
Imperial Russiaβ»
Remains of the prince-saint Alexander Nevsky were kept in the ancient Nativity Abbey of Vladimir until 1703, when Peter the Great had them transferred to the Monastery (now Lavra) of Alexander Nevsky in St. Petersburg. The Nativity Church (built from 1191 to 1196) collapsed several years later, after workmen tried to fashion more windows in its walls in an effort to brighten the interior.
The city was the center of Vladimir Province [ru], part of Moscow Governorate from its establishment by Peter the Great in 1708. Vladimir was separated from Moscow Governorate and made the center of a new Vladimir Viceroyalty [ru] by a ukase of Catherine the Great in 1778. In 1796, Paul I's administrative reform transformed the viceroyalty into the Vladimir Governorate in the same borders.
In the years 1838β1840, Alexander Herzen was exiled in Vladimir, passing through the city on the infamous Vladimirka.
In December 1858 the city began to operate telegraph. On June 14, 1861, the MoscowβNizhny Novgorod Railway [ru] began to operate through Vladimir. In 1866, construction of a running water supply was completed, with telephone lines being put up in 1887 and the first electrical power lines on December 5, 1908.
On November 29, 1898, Vladimir provincial scientific archival commission was established.
Soviet Unionβ»
After the establishment of Soviet power, many streets were renamed in Vladimir; most of the parish churches were closed and condemned to be demolished.
In the first decades of Soviet rule industrialization occurred in Vladimir. On January 14, 1929, the Vladimir Governorate was abolished and the city became part of the newly formed Ivanovo Industrial Oblast.
On August 14, 1944, Vladimir became the administrative center of a new Vladimir Oblast carved from Ivanovo Oblast. In 1950 from the basis of the teachers' institute the Vladimir Pedagogical Institute was created. On November 5, 1952, the first trolleybus line began to operate in the city.
In 1958 the VladimirβSuzdal Museum and Reserve [ru] was created, composed of a group of unique architectural monuments of Russian defense and church architecture. The monuments are located in three citiesβVladimir, Suzdal and Gus-Khrustalnyβas well as villages of Bogolyubovo and Kideksha.
Architecture of the Soviet period is present in structures such as building complexes and polytechnic colleges, the Torpedo Stadium (built 1952), a reinforced concrete arch bridge over the river Klyaz'ma (1960), the Hotel Vladimir (1956), the Drama Theatre (1971) and others. In 1971 the city was awarded the Order of Red Banner of Labor.
Administrative and municipal statusβ»
Year | Pop. | Β±% |
---|---|---|
1897 | 28,479 | β |
1926 | 37,004 | +29.9% |
1939 | 66,797 | +80.5% |
1959 | 153,895 | +130.4% |
1970 | 234,087 | +52.1% |
1979 | 296,371 | +26.6% |
1989 | 349,702 | +18.0% |
2002 | 315,954 | β9.7% |
2010 | 345,373 | +9.3% |
2021 | 349,951 | +1.3% |
Source: Census data |
Vladimir is the administrative center of the oblast. Within the framework of administrative divisions, it is, together with seventeen rural localities, incorporated as the City of Vladimirβan administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts. As a municipal division, the City of Vladimir is incorporated as Vladimir Urban Okrug.
Economy and militaryβ»
Vladimir is home to several electrical and chemical factories, several food processing plants and two large thermal power stations. Tourism related to the historical sites is a major contributor to the city's economy.
The headquarters of the 27th Guards Rocket Army of the Strategic Missile Troops is located in the city. During the Cold War, Vladimir was host to the Dobrynskoye air force base.
Transportationβ»
Since 1861, there has been a railway connection between Vladimir and Moscow. Vladimir is also linked to Moscow and Nizhny Novgorod by the M7 highway. Local transport includes buses, trolleybuses, fixed-route minivans, and taxis.
Vladimir bus service links the city to all the district centers of Vladimir Oblast, as well as Moscow, Ivanovo, Kostroma, Nizhny Novgorod, Ryazan, Yaroslavl and other cities.
At least 20 pairs of long-distance trains pass daily through Vladimir station, giving Vladimir year-round direct rail links to Moscow (Kursk Station), St. Petersburg and Nizhny Novgorod. Since the summer of 2010 Vladimir (on the Nizhny Novgorod line) is a stopping point for the "Peregrine Falcon" high-speed train.
Vladimir also possesses a developed suburban rail system. It was the only city in Russia with concurrent commuter trains two Russian cities with subways. The city is served by the Semyazino Airport 5 km west of the city center.
Galleryβ»
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Vladimir railway station, August 2008
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Trolleybus ZiU-9
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Trolza-5275 low-entry trolleybus
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A trolleybus route #1
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A bus route #26
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The bus terminal in Vladimir
Populationβ»
Population: 349,951 (2021 Census); 345,373 (2010 Russian census); 315,954 (2002 Census); 349,702 (1989 Soviet census).
Climateβ»
Vladimir experiences a humid continental climate (KΓΆppen climate classification Dfb) with long, cold winters and short, warm summers.
Climate data for Vladimir (1991β2020, extremes 1902βpresent) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high Β°C (Β°F) | 7.1 (44.8) |
9.5 (49.1) |
17.8 (64.0) |
27.8 (82.0) |
34.0 (93.2) |
35.2 (95.4) |
37.1 (98.8) |
36.5 (97.7) |
29.5 (85.1) |
25.0 (77.0) |
17.8 (64.0) |
12.0 (53.6) |
37.1 (98.8) |
Mean daily maximum Β°C (Β°F) | β5.5 (22.1) |
β4.4 (24.1) |
1.8 (35.2) |
11.1 (52.0) |
19.1 (66.4) |
22.2 (72.0) |
24.6 (76.3) |
22.6 (72.7) |
16.3 (61.3) |
8.2 (46.8) |
0.3 (32.5) |
β3.8 (25.2) |
9.4 (48.9) |
Daily mean Β°C (Β°F) | β8.3 (17.1) |
β7.7 (18.1) |
β2.3 (27.9) |
5.8 (42.4) |
13.0 (55.4) |
16.6 (61.9) |
19.0 (66.2) |
16.9 (62.4) |
11.4 (52.5) |
4.9 (40.8) |
β1.9 (28.6) |
β6.1 (21.0) |
5.1 (41.2) |
Mean daily minimum Β°C (Β°F) | β10.9 (12.4) |
β10.6 (12.9) |
β5.6 (21.9) |
1.4 (34.5) |
7.7 (45.9) |
11.7 (53.1) |
14.1 (57.4) |
12.3 (54.1) |
7.7 (45.9) |
2.4 (36.3) |
β3.8 (25.2) |
β8.4 (16.9) |
1.5 (34.7) |
Record low Β°C (Β°F) | β39.7 (β39.5) |
β36.1 (β33.0) |
β30.0 (β22.0) |
β16.1 (3.0) |
β8.0 (17.6) |
β0.1 (31.8) |
3.9 (39.0) |
0.0 (32.0) |
β6.3 (20.7) |
β18.9 (β2.0) |
β27.2 (β17.0) |
β43.0 (β45.4) |
β43.0 (β45.4) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 40 (1.6) |
33 (1.3) |
29 (1.1) |
36 (1.4) |
46 (1.8) |
71 (2.8) |
65 (2.6) |
54 (2.1) |
50 (2.0) |
55 (2.2) |
45 (1.8) |
39 (1.5) |
563 (22.2) |
Average extreme snow depth cm (inches) | 28 (11) |
41 (16) |
35 (14) |
5 (2.0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
6 (2.4) |
17 (6.7) |
41 (16) |
Average rainy days | 5 | 3 | 6 | 12 | 15 | 17 | 15 | 15 | 16 | 16 | 10 | 5 | 135 |
Average snowy days | 26 | 23 | 16 | 6 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 6 | 18 | 25 | 122 |
Average relative humidity (%) | 86 | 82 | 76 | 71 | 67 | 73 | 76 | 79 | 82 | 85 | 88 | 87 | 79 |
Source: Pogoda.ru.net |
Sightseeingβ»
Modern-day Vladimir is a part of the Golden Ring of ancient Russian cities and a popular tourist destination. Its three chief monuments, White Monuments of Vladimir and Suzdal, inscribed by UNESCO on the World Heritage List, are the following:
- The magnificent five-domed Dormition Cathedral was designed as the burial place of grand princes and dedicated to the holy icon the Theotokos of Vladimir, which had been brought to the city by Andrey Bogolyubsky. The cathedral was constructed in 1158β1160, expanded in 1185β1189, and painted by the great Andrei Rublev and Daniil Chyorny in 1408. In 1810, a lofty bell-tower was added in Neoclassical style.
- The helmet-domed Cathedral of Saint Demetrius was built in 1194β1197 as a private chapel of Vsevolod the Big Nest in the courtyard of his palace and was consecrated to his holy patron, St. Demetrius. For all its formal unity, the cathedral represents an international project of Russian and Byzantine masters, Friedrich Barbarossa's masons, and carvers sent by Queen Tamar of Georgia.
- The Golden Gate, originally a tower over the city's main gate, was built in 1158β1164. The gate acquired its present form after having been reconstructed in the late 18th century, to prevent the dilapidated structure from tumbling down.
Other remarkable monuments of pre-Mongol Russian architecture are scattered in the vicinity. For more information on them, see Suzdal, Yuriev-Polsky, Bogolyubovo, and Kideksha.
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Public park in Vladimir
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Assumption Cathedral
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Cathedral of Saint Demetrius
-
Golden Gate
Educationβ»
Vladimir is the site of the following education establishments:
- Vladimir State University
- Vladimir branch of the Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration
- Vladimir branch of Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation
- Vladimir branch of the Russian University of Cooperation
- Vladimir Law Institute under the Ministry of Justice
- Vladimir Business Institute
- Vladimir Aviation Mechanics College
- Vladimir Pedagogical College
- Vladimir Polytechnic College
- Vladimir Basic Medical College
- Vladimir Construction College
- Vladimir Regional College of Music
- Vladimir Economy and Technology College
- Vladimir College of Technology
- Vladimir Industrial College
- Vladimir Chemical and Mechanical College
- College of Innovative Technologies and Entrepreneurship at Vladimir State University
Vladimir is also home to the Federal Centre for Animal Health and Welfare.
Sportsβ»
The city association football team, FC Torpedo Vladimir, currently plays in the second tier of Russian football having entered the league after seventeen years of competing in Russian third and fourth tiers.
Vladimir VC (previously known as Skat and Dinamo Vladimir) represents the city in Volleyball Major League B β Zone Europe. Vladimir is also home to Polaris-Vladimir ice hockey club, which competes in regional hockey competitions and Russian minor leagues, and Luch, which has both male and female table-tennis teams.
Twin towns β sister citiesβ»
Vladimir is twinned with:
- Anghiari, Italy
- Antalya, Turkey
- Babruysk, Belarus
- Baoji, China
- Bloomington, United States
- Bukhara, Uzbekistan
- Campobasso, Italy
- Canterbury, United Kingdom
- Chongqing, China
- Erlangen, Germany
- Gagra, Georgia
- Haikou, China
- Kardzhali, Bulgaria
- Karlovo, Bulgaria
- Kerava, Finland
- Khujand, Tajikistan
- Leninsky (Minsk), Belarus
- Normal, United States
- Saintes, France
- Sarasota, United States
- Skive, Denmark
- Vawkavysk, Belarus
- Former twin towns, terminated in 2022 due to the Russian invasion of Ukraine
- Jelenia GΓ³ra, Poland
- ΓstΓ nad Labem, Czech Republic
Notable peopleβ»
- Valentin Afonin, association football player
- Yuri Lodigin, association football player
- Nikolai Andrianov, gymnast
- Vladimir Artemov, gymnast
- Aleksey Batalov, actor
- Mikhail Lazarev, admiral
- Yuri Levitan, radio announcer
- Anna Loginova, fashion model
- Alexey Prokurorov, cross-country skier
- Yuri Ryazanov, gymnast
- Vasily Shulgin, politician
- Mikhail Speransky, statesman
- Aleksandr Stoletov, physicist
- Nikolai Stoletov, general
- Sergei Taneyev, composer
- Dmitri Vyazmikin, association football player
- Venedikt Yerofeyev, writer
- Denis Yevsikov, association football player
- Nikolay Zhukovsky, scientist
Referencesβ»
Notesβ»
- ^ Resolution #433
- ^ Law #130-OZ
- ^ Charter of Vladimir, Article 23
- ^ Official website of Vladimir. Shokhin Andrey Stanislavovich, Head of the City of Vladimir (in Russian)
- ^ Π£ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠ±Ρ Π³ΠΎΡΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΊΠ°Π΄Π°ΡΡΡΠ° ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄ ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π·Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π»Ρ ΠΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ Π² 2011 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ. ΠΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄ ΠΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡ, ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ° 22 (in Russian)
- ^ Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). ΠΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠΈΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ 2010 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°. Π’ΠΎΠΌ 1 [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. ΠΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠΈΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ 2010 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π° β» (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
- ^ "26. Π§ΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠΈΠΏΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΌ Π½Π° 1 ΡΠ½Π²Π°ΡΡ 2018 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°". Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved January 23, 2019.
- ^ Law #189-OZ
- ^ "ΠΠ± ΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ". ΠΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π΅Ρ-ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π» ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ (in Russian). June 3, 2011. Retrieved January 19, 2019.
- ^ ΠΠΎΡΡΠ° Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎ-Π²ΡΡΠΈΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡ ΠΠΠ‘Π£ Π ΠΠ. (Russian Post). ΠΠΎΠΈΡΠΊ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΠΈ (Postal Objects Search) (in Russian)
- ^ Russian Federal State Statistics Service. ΠΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠΈΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ 2020 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°. Π’ΠΎΠΌ 1 [2020 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1] (XLS) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
- ^ Vladimir-on-Klyazma at the Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary.
- ^ ΠΠΎΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠ½ Π. Π. ΠΠ· ΡΠ°Π½Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ° ΠΈ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΎΠΊΡΡΠ³ΠΈ. // Π‘ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΊΠ°Ρ Π°ΡΡ Π΅ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ. β 1959. β β 4. β Π‘. 74β81.
- ^ Larin, S. (January 1, 1958). Gorod Vladimir [1108-1958]: istoriko-ΔkonomicheskiΔ ocherk (in Russian). ΠΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΊΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·Π΄-Π²ΠΎ.
- ^ ΠΠΎΠ²Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²Π°Ρ Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΡ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ»Π°Π΄ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ². β Π.βΠ.: ΠΠΊΠ°Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΈΡ Π½Π°ΡΠΊ Π‘Π‘Π‘Π , 1950. β Π‘. 467.
- ^ Π Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΎ Π΄Π°ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π³. ΠΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ°. / Π Π΅Π΄. Π‘. Π. Π¨Π΅Π²ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΎ. β ΠΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡ: ΠΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ, 1992.
- ^ ΠΠ· ΠΏΠΈΡΡΠΌΠ° Π°ΠΊΠ°Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΠΈΡ Π°ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΠΌΠΈΡΡΠΈΡ Π‘Π΅ΡΠ³Π΅Π΅Π²ΠΈΡΠ°. ΠΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ (ΠΡΡΠΊΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΠΎΠΌ).
- ^ Charter of Vladimir, Article 3.
- ^ "ΠΠ‘Π’ΠΠ ΠΠ§ΠΠ‘ΠΠΠ― Π‘ΠΠ ΠΠΠΠ". vladimir-city.ru.
- ^ ΠΠΈΡΡΠΌΠΎ Π°Π΄ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ° β 01-01-419 ΠΎΡ 26 ΠΌΠ°Ρ 2016 Π³.
- ^ Janet Martin, Medieval Russia: 980-1584 (Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1995), 100.
- ^ "History of Russian rail lines | Russian Railways". eng.rzd.ru. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016.
- ^ Train Station in Vladimir (in Russian)
- ^ Federal State Statistics Service (May 21, 2004). Π§ΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ, ΡΡΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π² ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π΅ ΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΎΠΊΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠ², ΡΠ°ΠΉΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ², Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½Π½ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² β ΡΠ°ΠΉΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½Π½ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² Ρ Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ 3 ΡΡΡΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊ [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural LocalitiesβAdministrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). ΠΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠΈΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ 2002 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π° β» (in Russian).
- ^ ΠΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΠ·Π½Π°Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠΈΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ 1989 Π³. Π§ΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΡΠ·Π½ΡΡ ΠΈ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊ, Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠ½ΡΡ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΎΠΊΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠ², ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ², ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ, ΡΠ°ΠΉΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ², Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ»-ΡΠ°ΠΉΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠΎΠ² [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. ΠΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΠ·Π½Π°Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠΈΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ 1989 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π° β» (in Russian). ΠΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡ Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°: ΠΡΡΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»Π° ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ β». 1989 – via Demoscope Weekly.
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Sourcesβ»
- ΠΠ΄ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ. ΠΠΎΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ β433 ΠΎΡ 13 ΠΈΡΠ½Ρ 2007 Π³. Β«Π ΡΠ΅Π΅ΡΡΡΠ΅ Π°Π΄ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ-ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ ΠΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈΒ», Π² ΡΠ΅Π΄. ΠΠΎΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ β169 ΠΎΡ 5 ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠ° 2015 Π³. Β«Π Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΠΠΎΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΡΠ±Π΅ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΡΠ° ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΡ 13.06.2007 β433 "Π ΡΠ΅Π΅ΡΡΡΠ΅ Π°Π΄ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ-ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ ΠΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ"Β». ΠΡΡΡΠΏΠΈΠ» Π² ΡΠΈΠ»Ρ ΡΠΎ Π΄Π½Ρ ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π½: "ΠΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π²Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ", β114, 20 ΠΈΡΠ½Ρ 2007 Π³. (Administration of Vladimir Oblast. Resolution #433 of June 13, 2007 On the Registry of the Administrative-Territorial Formations and Units of Vladimir Oblast, as amended by the Resolution #169 of March 5, 2015 On Amending Resolution #433 of the Oblast Governor of June 13, 2007 "On the Registry of the Administrative-Territorial Formations and Units of Vladimir Oblast". Effective as of the day of the official publication.).
- ΠΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π‘ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ. ΠΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ β130-ΠΠ ΠΎΡ 10 Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠ°Π±ΡΡ 2001 Π³. Β«ΠΠ± Π°Π΄ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ-ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΠΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΊΠ΅ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΒ», Π² ΡΠ΅Π΄. ΠΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π° β22-ΠΠ ΠΎΡ 18 ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠ° 2014 Π³. Β«Π ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²ΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ»Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ 1 ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ 15 ΠΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π° ΠΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ "ΠΠ± Π°Π΄ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ-ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΠΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΊΠ΅ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ" ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠ° 3 ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ 1 ΠΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π° ΠΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ "Π Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π² ΠΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ ΠΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ "ΠΠ± Π°Π΄ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ-ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΠΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΊΠ΅ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ"Β». ΠΡΡΡΠΏΠΈΠ» Π² ΡΠΈΠ»Ρ ΡΠΎ Π΄Π½Ρ ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ (13 Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠ°Π±ΡΡ 2001 Π³.). ΠΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π½: "ΠΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π²Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ", β232, 13 Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠ°Π±ΡΡ 2001 Π³. (Legislative Assembly of Vladimir Oblast. Law #130-OZ of December 10, 2001 On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Vladimir Oblast and on Procedures for Its Change, as amended by the Law #22-OZ of March 18, 2014 On Abrogating Part 1 of Article 15 of the Law of Vladimir Oblast "On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Vladimir Oblast and on Procedures for Its Change" and Item 3 of Article 1 of the Law of Vladimir Oblast "On Amending the Law of Vladimir Oblast "On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Vladimir Oblast and on Procedures for Its Change". Effective as of the day of the official publication (December 13, 2001).).
- ΠΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π‘ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ. ΠΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ β189-ΠΠ ΠΎΡ 26 Π½ΠΎΡΠ±ΡΡ 2004 Π³. Β«Π Π½Π°Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΎΠΌ Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠΊΡΡΠ³Π° ΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠΈΠΏΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄ ΠΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡ ΠΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈΒ», Π² ΡΠ΅Π΄. ΠΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π° β108-ΠΠ ΠΎΡ 10 Π°Π²Π³ΡΡΡΠ° 2009 Π³ Β«Π Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π² ΠΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ ΠΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ "Π Π½Π°Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΎΠΌ Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠΊΡΡΠ³Π° ΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠΈΠΏΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄ ΠΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡ ΠΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ"Β». ΠΡΡΡΠΏΠΈΠ» Π² ΡΠΈΠ»Ρ ΡΠΎ Π΄Π½Ρ ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ (1 Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠ°Π±ΡΡ 2004 Π³.). ΠΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π½: "ΠΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π²Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ", β333, 1 Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠ°Π±ΡΡ 2004 Π³. (Legislative Assembly of Vladimir Oblast. Law #189-OZ of November 26, 2004 On Granting Urban Okrug Status to the Municipal Formation of the City of Vladimir of Vladimir Oblast, as amended by the Law #108-OZ of August 10, 2009 On Amending the Law of Vladimir Oblast "On Granting Urban Okrug Status to the Municipal Formation of the City of Vladimir of Vladimir Oblast". Effective as of the day of the official publication (December 1, 2004).).
- ΠΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π‘ΠΎΠ²Π΅Ρ Π½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ Π΄Π΅ΠΏΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ². Π Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ β231 ΠΎΡ 29 ΠΈΡΠ½Ρ 2005 Π³. Β«Π£ΡΡΠ°Π² ΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠΈΠΏΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄ ΠΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΒ», Π² ΡΠ΅Π΄. Π Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ β157 ΠΎΡ 26 Π°Π²Π³ΡΡΡΠ° 2015 Π³. Β«Π Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π² Π£ΡΡΠ°Π² ΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠΈΠΏΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄ ΠΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΒ». ΠΡΡΡΠΏΠΈΠ» Π² ΡΠΈΠ»Ρ 4 Π°Π²Π³ΡΡΡΠ° 2005 Π³. (Π·Π° ΠΈΡΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, Π²ΡΡΡΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ Π² ΡΠΈΠ»Ρ Π² ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈ). ΠΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π½: "ΠΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π²Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ", β251β252, 4 Π°Π²Π³ΡΡΡΠ° 2005 Π³. (Vladimir City Council of People's Deputies. Decision #231 of June 29, 2005 Charter of the Municipal Formation of the City of Vladimir, as amended by the Decision #157 of August 26, 2015 On Amending the Charter of the Municipal Formation of the City of Vladimir. Effective as of August 4, 2005 (except for certain clauses which take effect on different dates).).
Further readingβ»
- Trudy Ring, ed. (1995). "Vladimir". International Dictionary of Historic Places: Northern Europe. FitzroyDearborn. ISBN 978-1-136-63944-9. Retrieved April 4, 2016.
- Craft Brumfield, William (2004). A History of Russian Architecture. Seattle: University of Washington Press. ISBN 978-0-295-98394-3.
External linksβ»
- Tourism portal of the Vladimir region, Russia
- Official website of Vladimir Archived March 11, 2011, at the Wayback Machine (in Russian)
- "Vladimir (town)" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 28 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 169.
- Tourist information on Vladimir
- The American Home in Vladimir