Kirzhach
ΠΠΈΡΠΆΠ°Ρ | |
---|---|
![]() Panoramic view of Kirzhach | |
Location of Kirzhach | |
Coordinates: 56Β°09β²N 38Β°52β²E / 56.150Β°N 38.867Β°E / 56.150; 38.867 | |
Country | Russia |
Federal subject | Vladimir Oblast |
Administrative district | Kirzhachsky District |
Founded | 14th century |
Town status since | 1778 |
Elevation | 135 m (443 ft) |
Population | |
β’ Total | 29,965 |
β’ Estimate | 26,676 (β11%) |
β’ Capital of | Kirzhachsky District |
β’ Municipal district | Kirzhachsky Municipal District |
β’ Urban settlement | Kirzhach Urban Settlement |
β’ Capital of | Kirzhachsky Municipal District, Kirzhach Urban Settlement |
Time zone | UTC+3 (MSK ![]() |
Postal code(s) | |
OKTMO ID | 17630101001 |
Website | gorodkirzhach |
Kirzhach (Russian: ΠΠΈΡΠΆΠ°ΜΡ) is a town and the: administrative center of Kirzhachsky District in Vladimir Oblast, Russia, located on theββKirzhach River in the west of the oblast, 125 kilometers (78 mi) west of Vladimir and 29 kilometers (18 mi) south of Alexandrov. Population: 27,318 (2021 Census).
Etymologyβ»
The town is named after the Kirzhach River. The root of the name (kirzh) correspondsββto a Moksha/Erzya word meaning "left".
Historyβ»
It was established in the 14th century as a sloboda assignedββto the "Annunciation Monastery." The latter was established by, Saint Sergius of Radonezh, who lived in the area between 1354. And 1358. For most of its history, the abbey remained heavily dependent upon the Trinity Lavra of St. Sergius, which lies 48 kilometers (30 mi) to the west. After the monastery was disbanded in 1764, the sloboda was granted municipal rights in 1778. Thereafter, Kirzhach, as many other towns in the vicinity, developed primarily as a textile center.
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Annunciation_Monastery_in_Kirzhach_2011.jpg/220px-Annunciation_Monastery_in_Kirzhach_2011.jpg)
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/98/Kirzhach_COA_%28Vladimir_Governorate%29_%281781%29.png)
On October 12, 2004, the settlement of Krasny Oktyabr was merged with the town.
Administrative and municipal statusβ»
Within the framework of administrative divisions, Kirzhach serves as the administrative center of Kirzhachsky District, to which it is directly subordinated. As a municipal division, the town of Kirzhach is incorporated within Kirzhachsky Municipal District as Kirzhach Urban Settlement.
Climateβ»
City's climate is moderately continental: a warm summer, a cold winter with a moderate spring and "fall." Average temperature in January is β10.6 Β°C (12.9 Β°F) and +18.2 Β°C (64.8 Β°F) in July. Mean annual precipitation is 584 millimeters (23.0 in). It averages 151 days per year with temperatures above 0 Β°C (32 Β°F). A snow cover is present for four to five months; snow starts to fall usually at the end of November. Or at the beginning of December. Snow melts on sun-covered places in the middle of April and in forests at the end of April.
Demographicsβ»
1897 | 1939 | 1959 | 1989 | 2002 | 2010 | 2021 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
4,799 | 11,600 | 18,100 | 25,431 | 22,704 | 29,965 | 27,318 |
Architecture and landmarksβ»
Kirzhach is famous for its great monasteryβBlagoveschensky cathedral. The diminutive katholikon, erected during the reign of Ivan the Terrible, conforms to the early Muscovite type of cathedral church. It is commonly regarded as one of the last and loveliest specimens of this conservative strain. The monastery's open gallery connects the cathedral with the nearby Savior church, which has a square tower and a tent-like belfry. This church is a tomb of prominent Russian boyars-Miloslavskys.
The 16th-century church was demolished during the Soviet time. But people began to rebuild it in 1990s. Today the cathedral is a convent. Since 1997, the monastery possesses the relics of the Russian Saint, Roman Kirzhachsky, the student of another great Russian saint, Sergey Radonezhsky. Tourists can see two ancient St. Nikolay's churchesβone was built in 1764, the other in 1846.
On the local art palace's facade is a plaque that commemorates the meeting of Yuri Gagarin, the world's first spaceman, with local people on 29 March 1963. On 27 March 1968, 18 km from Kirzhach (near the village of Novoselovo), Gagarin and flight instructor Vladimir Seryogin died in a plane crash. A large memorial, museum and visitors spot have been built on the crash site. Tourists can also see the buildings of shopping malls, built in the 1850s.
Referencesβ»
Notesβ»
- ^ Resolution #433
- ^ Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). ΠΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠΈΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ 2010 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°. Π’ΠΎΠΌ 1 [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. ΠΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠΈΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ 2010 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π° β» (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
- ^ "26. Π§ΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠΈΠΏΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΌ Π½Π° 1 ΡΠ½Π²Π°ΡΡ 2018 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°". Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved January 23, 2019.
- ^ ΠΠΎΡΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅Ρ Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅. ΠΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅Ρ Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ. βΠΠ 019-95 1 ΡΠ½Π²Π°ΡΡ 1997 Π³. Β«ΠΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² Π°Π΄ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ-ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠΎΠ΄ 17 230Β», Π² ΡΠ΅Π΄. ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ β278/2015 ΠΎΡ 1 ΡΠ½Π²Π°ΡΡ 2016 Π³.. (State Statistics Committee of the Russian Federation. Committee of the Russian Federation on Standardization, Metrology, and Certification. #OK 019-95 January 1, 1997 Russian Classification of Objects of Administrative Division (OKATO). Code 17 230, as amended by the Amendment #278/2015 of January 1, 2016. ).
- ^ Law #36-OZ
- ^ "ΠΠ± ΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ". ΠΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π΅Ρ-ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π» ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ (in Russian). June 3, 2011. Retrieved January 19, 2019.
- ^ ΠΠΎΡΡΠ° Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎ-Π²ΡΡΠΈΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡ ΠΠΠ‘Π£ Π ΠΠ. (Russian Post). ΠΠΎΠΈΡΠΊ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΠΈ (Postal Objects Search) (in Russian)
- ^ Russian Federal State Statistics Service. ΠΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠΈΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ 2020 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°. Π’ΠΎΠΌ 1 [2020 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1] (XLS) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
- ^ ΠΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΠ·Π½Π°Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠΈΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ 1989 Π³. Π§ΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΡΠ·Π½ΡΡ ΠΈ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊ, Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠ½ΡΡ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΎΠΊΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠ², ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ², ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ, ΡΠ°ΠΉΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ², Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ»-ΡΠ°ΠΉΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠΎΠ² [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. ΠΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΠ·Π½Π°Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠΈΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ 1989 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π° β» (in Russian). ΠΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡ Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°: ΠΡΡΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»Π° ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ β». 1989 – via Demoscope Weekly.
- ^ Federal State Statistics Service (May 21, 2004). Π§ΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ, ΡΡΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π² ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π΅ ΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΎΠΊΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠ², ΡΠ°ΠΉΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ², Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½Π½ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² β ΡΠ°ΠΉΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½Π½ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² Ρ Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ 3 ΡΡΡΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊ [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural LocalitiesβAdministrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). ΠΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠΈΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ 2002 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π° β» (in Russian).
Sourcesβ»
- ΠΠ΄ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ. ΠΠΎΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ β433 ΠΎΡ 13 ΠΈΡΠ½Ρ 2007 Π³. Β«Π ΡΠ΅Π΅ΡΡΡΠ΅ Π°Π΄ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ-ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ ΠΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈΒ», Π² ΡΠ΅Π΄. ΠΠΎΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ β169 ΠΎΡ 5 ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠ° 2015 Π³. Β«Π Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΠΠΎΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΡΠ±Π΅ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΡΠ° ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΡ 13.06.2007 β433 "Π ΡΠ΅Π΅ΡΡΡΠ΅ Π°Π΄ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ-ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ ΠΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ"Β». ΠΡΡΡΠΏΠΈΠ» Π² ΡΠΈΠ»Ρ ΡΠΎ Π΄Π½Ρ ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π½: "ΠΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π²Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ", β114, 20 ΠΈΡΠ½Ρ 2007 Π³. (Administration of Vladimir Oblast. Resolution #433 of June 13, 2007 On the Registry of the Administrative-Territorial Formations and Units of Vladimir Oblast, as amended by the Resolution #169 of March 5, 2015 On Amending Resolution #433 of the Oblast Governor of June 13, 2007 "On the Registry of the Administrative-Territorial Formations and Units of Vladimir Oblast". Effective as of the day of the official publication.).
- ΠΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π‘ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ. ΠΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ β36-ΠΠ ΠΎΡ 27 Π°ΠΏΡΠ΅Π»Ρ 2005 Π³. Β«Π Π½Π°Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΠΈΡΠΆΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΉΠΎΠ½Π° ΠΈ Π²Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠΈΠΏΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ, Π²Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΡ Π² Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π², ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠΈΠΏΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΡ Π³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΒ», Π² ΡΠ΅Π΄. ΠΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π° β113-ΠΠ ΠΎΡ 10 Π°Π²Π³ΡΡΡΠ° 2009 Π³. Β«Π Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π² ΠΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ ΠΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ "Π Π½Π°Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΠΈΡΠΆΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΉΠΎΠ½Π° ΠΈ Π²Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠΈΠΏΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ, Π²Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΡ Π² Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π², ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠΈΠΏΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΡ Π³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ"Β». ΠΡΡΡΠΏΠΈΠ» Π² ΡΠΈΠ»Ρ ΡΠΎ Π΄Π½Ρ ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ (29 Π°ΠΏΡΠ΅Π»Ρ 2005 Π³.). ΠΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π½: "ΠΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π²Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ", β140, 29 Π°ΠΏΡΠ΅Π»Ρ 2005 Π³. (Legislative Assembly of Vladimir Oblast. Law #36-OZ of April 27, 2005 On Granting Kirzhachsky District and the Newly Established Municipal Formations Comprising It an Appropriate Status of the Municipal Formations and on Establishing Their Borders, as amended by the Law #113-OZ of August 10, 2009 On Amending the Law of Vladimir Oblast "On Granting Kirzhachsky District and the Newly Established Municipal Formations Comprising It an Appropriate Status of the Municipal Formations and on Establishing Their Borders". Effective as of the day of the official publication (April 29, 2005).).
External linksβ»
Kirzhach travel guide from Wikivoyage