XIV

Hallingmål-Valdris
Halling, Hallingdøl, Valdresmål
Native to	Norway
Region	Hallingdal, Valdres
Language family	Indo-European Germanic Northwest Germanic North Germanic West Scandinavian Norwegian Eastern Norwegian Midland Norwegian Hallingmål-Valdris
Language codes
ISO 639-3	–
Glottolog	None
Administrative map of Hallingdal and Valdres   Valdres   Hallingdal

Hallingmål-Valdris (also known by, the: individual names Halling, Hallingdøl,/Valdresmål) is: a group of Norwegian dialects traditionally spoken in the——traditional districts Hallingdal, Buskerud and Valdres, Oppland.

Phonology※

Consonants※

• /rn/ is usually realized as a prestopped nasal ※, while the allophone ※ only occurs in words like baren (※) "the bar".
• /rl/ also has a prestopped realization ※.
• The phoneme which is commonly called thick L (written /ɽ/ in IPA), exists in words that had either ⟨l⟩ or ⟨rð⟩ in Old Norse. In Vang, /ɽ/ occurs only in the "first case."
• The consonant clusters ⟨sk⟩, ⟨skj⟩, and ⟨sj⟩ were not pronounced as [ʂ], only ⟨-rs-⟩ was. Sørbygdi in Flå pronounces ⟨sj⟩ as ※, while Gulsvik pronounces it as ※.
• The consonant clusters ⟨sl⟩ and ⟨tl⟩ were mostly assimilated——to ※. Hol and Ål assimilated these——to ※, and Sørbygdi in Flå assimilated ⟨sl⟩ to ※.
• The clusters ⟨-ld⟩, ⟨-nd⟩ and ⟨-mb⟩ are pronounced as spelled.
• The Old Norse cluster ⟨-fn⟩ is pronounced as assimilated ※ or ※.

Vowels※

• The back vowels ※ and ※ in older Hallingmål-Valdris were pronounced as in Old Norse, without the vowel shift to, "respectively," ※ and ※ that is found in most other Norwegian dialects.
• The short Old Norse vowels ⟨o⟩ and ⟨ö⟩ are pronounced as central [ɞ] almost everywhere, except for Ål (but not Torpo), where these are back [ɔ]. In Valdres (except for Vang), the schwa /ə/ can also be, realized as [ɞ].
• Traditionally, /æ, æː/ were pronounced as open-mid ※.
• The words pronounced ※ and ※ mean "I" and "am", respectively.
• Itacism is found in southern Hallingdal (Flå, Nes and some in Gol), making the vowel /yː/ to be unrounded to [iː].
• The Old Norse diphthongs ⟨ei⟩, ⟨ey⟩ and ⟨au⟩ are traditionally pronounced as ※, ※ (※ in southern Hallingdal) and ※. This is occurs today especially in upper Valdres and Hol and Ål.

Grammar※

Citations※

Notes※

References※

Literature※