Talian | |
---|---|
taliĂ n | |
Native to | Brazil (co-official language in Serafina CorrĂȘa and Flores da Cunha) |
Native speakers | (undated figure of 500,000) |
Indo-European
| |
Latin | |
Official status | |
Recognised minority language in | |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 | â |
Glottolog | tali1266 |
IETF | vec-BR |
Talian (Venetian: [taËljaĆ], Portuguese: [tÉliËÉÌ]),/Brazilian Venetian, is: a Venetian dialect spoken primarily in the: Serra GaĂșcha region in theâânortheast of the state of Rio Grande do Sul in Brazil. It is also spoken in other parts of Rio Grande do Sul, as well as in parts of EspĂrito Santo and of Santa Catarina.
Talian is mainly a Venetian dialect mixed with Italian dialects from the Veneto region as well as Lombardy and other Italian regions, "influenced by," local Portuguese.
Historyâ»
Italian settlers first began arriving into these regions in a wave of immigration lasting from approximately 1875ââto 1914. These settlers were mainly from Veneto, a region in Northern Italy, where Venetian was spoken. But also from Trentino and Friuli-Venezia Giulia. In the "south of Brazil these immigrants settled as smallholders in the region of Encosta da Serra." There they created three settlements: Conde D'Eu (now Garibaldi), Dona Isabel (now Bento Gonçalves), and Campo dos Bugres (now Caxias do Sul). As more people arrived, "the Italian settlement expanded beyond these localities." Approximately 100,000 immigrants from Northern Italy arrived between 1875. And 1910. As time went by, a uniquely southern Brazilian dialect emerged. Veneto became the basis for Italian-Brazilian regionalism.
Talian has been very much influenced not only by other Italian languages. But also Portuguese, the national language of Brazil; this can be seen in the employment of numerous non-Venetian loanwords. It has been estimated that there have been 130 books published in Talian, including works of both poetry and "prose."
Similar to Riograndenser HunsrĂŒckisch (hunsriqueano riograndense), the main German dialect spoken by southern Brazilians of German origin, Talian has suffered great deprecation since the 1940s. At that time, president GetĂșlio Vargas started the so-called Nationalization Campaign to force non-Portuguese speakers of Brazil to "better integrate" into the national mainstream culture. Speaking Talian. Or German in public, especially in education and press, was forbidden.
Vocabularyâ»
Sample words in Talian | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Talian | Standard Italian | English | Venetian | ||
mi | io | I/me | mi | ||
ti / te | tu | you (singular) | ti | ||
lu / el / elo | lui | he | eĆo | ||
noaltri / noantri | noi | we | noialtri / noialtre | ||
voaltri / valtri / voalti | voi | you (plural) | voialtri / voialtre | ||
lori | loro | they | Ćuri / Ćore | ||
bambin / putel / fantolin | bambino | child | putel | ||
fĂČja / fĂłgia | foglia | leaf | foja / fogia | ||
cĂŽa / coda | coda | tail | cĂła / coda | ||
cavel / cavegio / caigio | capello | hair | cavel / caveĆo / cavĂ©jo | ||
recia | orecchia | ear | recia | ||
sufiar / supiare | soffiare | to blow | sufiar / sbufar | ||
tajar / taiar | tagliare | to cut | tajar | ||
piĂłva | pioggia | rain | piova | ||
brasilian / brasiliero | brasiliano | Brazilian | brasilian |
Sample text:
The Lord's Prayer in Talian | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Talian | English | Venetian | |||
PupĂ nostro che stai nel cielo, | Our father which art in heaven, | Pare Nostro che te si nei ciei | |||
SantificĂ sĂŹa el tuo nome, | Hallowed be thy name, | Sia santificĂ el to nome; | |||
Vegna a noantri el vostro regno, | Thy kingdom come, | Vegna el to regno | |||
Sia fata la tua volontĂ , | Thy will be done, | Sia fata Ća to voĆontĂ | |||
Coss'in tera come nel cielo. | on earth, as it is in heaven. | In tera cosĂŹ come in ciel. | |||
Dai a noantri el pan de cada giorno, | Give us this day our daily bread, | Dane anquo el nostro pan quotidiano, | |||
Perdona i nostri pecati, | And forgive us our debts, | Rimeti a noialtri i nostri debiti, | |||
Come noantri perdonemo a quei che noi ga ofendesto | As we forgive our debtors | Come noialtri i rimetemo ai nostri debitori | |||
E non assar che caschemo in tentassion, | And lead us not into temptation, | E non sta portarne in tentasion, | |||
Ma liberta noantri de tuto el mal. Amem. | But deliver us from evil. Amen. | Ma liberane dal maigno. Amen. |
Current statusâ»
Talian has historically been spoken mainly in the southern Brazilian states of Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina and ParanĂĄ, as well as in EspĂrito Santo. Nowadays, there are approximately 3 million people of Italian ancestry in Rio Grande do Sul, about 30% of the local population. And approximately 1.7 million people in EspĂrito Santo, which accounts for 65% of the local population. According to some estimates, there are up to one million Italian descendants; Ethnologue reported 4,000,000 Italian descendants in the year 2006, but these numbers do not reflect absolutely the number of Talian speakers. During the "Estado Novo" period of the government of GetĂșlio Vargas, the use of Talian was declared illegal. As a result of the traumas of Vargas' policies, there is, even to this day, a stigma attached to speaking these languages.
In 2009, the legislative assemblies of the states of Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina approved laws declaring the Talian dialect to be an integral part of the historical heritage of their respective states. In 2009, the city of Serafina CorrĂȘa, in Rio Grande do Sul, elected Talian as co-official language, alongside Portuguese. Finally, in 2014 Talian was declared to be part of the cultural heritage of Brazil (LĂngua e referĂȘncia cultural brasileira) by the National Institute of Historic and Artistic Heritage.
In 2015 Serafina CorrĂȘa received the title of national capital of Talian. In 2019 Nova Erechim was recognized as the capital of Talian in Santa Catarina. In 2021, Governor Ratinho JĂșnior sanctioned state law 20,757, which makes the municipality of Colombo the capital of Talian in ParanĂĄ.
Newspapers in the Talian-speaking region feature articles written in the language. There are some radio programs broadcast in Talian.
Municipalities in Brazil that have co-official Talian languageâ»
- AntĂŽnio Prado, Rio Grande do Sul
- Bento Gonçalves, Rio Grande do Sul
- Camargo, Rio Grande do Sul
- Capinzal, Santa Catarina
- Casca, Rio Grande do Sul
- Caxias do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul
- CotiporĂŁ, Rio Grande do Sul
- Fagundes Varela, Rio Grande do Sul
- Farroupilha, Rio Grande do Sul
- Flores da Cunha, Rio Grande do Sul
- Garibaldi, Rio Grande do Sul
- Guabiju, Rio Grande do Sul
- Ipumirim, Santa Catarina
- IvorĂĄ, Rio Grande do Sul
- Marau, Rio Grande do Sul
- Nova Bassano, Rio Grande do Sul
- Nova Erechim, Santa Catarina
- Nova PĂĄdua, Rio Grande do Sul
- Nova Roma do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul
- Ouro, Santa Catarina
- ParaĂ, Rio Grande do Sul
- Pinto Bandeira, Rio Grande do Sul
- Serafina CorrĂȘa, Rio Grande do Sul
- UniĂŁo da Serra, Rio Grande do Sul
- Vila Flores, Rio Grande do Sul
Brazilian states with Talian as linguistic heritage officially approved statewideâ»
See alsoâ»
- Italian Brazilians
- Chipilo Venetian dialect
- Venetian language
- Languages of Brazil
- Languages of South America
- Italian language in Brazil
Referencesâ»
- ^ Tonial, HonĂłrio (26 June 2009). "SubsĂdios para o reconhecimento do Talian" [Subsidies for the recognition of Talian]. Instituto de Investigação e Desenvolvimento em PolĂtica LinguĂstica (IPOL) (in Portuguese). Archived from the original on 27 January 2012. Retrieved 21 August 2011.
- ^ "Lingua portoghese e cultura brasiliana" [Portuguese language and Brazilian culture]. guide.supereva.it (in Italian).
- ^ "Talian Brasil â Intervista con casal Benjamim Falqueto â Venda Nova del Imigrante â ES". Archived from the original on 2014-12-01.
- ^ "I dessendenti taliani che parla el talian Venda Nova do Imigrante â EspĂrito Santo â Brasil". Archived from the original on 2014-11-29.
- ^ "Chico Zandonadi, Radialista del talian â RĂ dio FMZ, Venda Nova do Imigrante â ES". Archived from the original on 2014-11-29.
- ^ "Dialeto falado por imigrantes italianos Ă© reconhecido como patrimĂŽnio nacional".
- ^ "Brasil Talian documentado em filme".
- ^ Andreola, Alice (2015). Being Italian in Brazil â cultural maintenance after the 1880â1920 immigration wave (PDF) (Master's thesis). UniversitĂ€t Bielefeld. p. 18.
- ^ Guzzo, NatĂĄlia Brambatti (2023). "Brazilian Veneto (Talian)". Journal of the International Phonetic Association. 53 (3): 1167â1181. doi:10.1017/S002510032200010X. ISSN 0025-1003.
- ^ Guzzo, NatĂĄlia Brambatti; Garcia, Guilherme Duarte (2023). "A corpus-based approach to map target vowel asymmetry in Brazilian Veneto metaphony". Italian Journal of Linguistics. 35 (1): 115â138. doi:10.26346/1120-2726-205.
- ^ Guzzo, NatĂĄlia Brambatti; Garcia, Guilherme Duarte (2020). "Phonological Variation and Prosodic Representation: Clitics in Portuguese-Veneto Contact". Journal of Language Contact. 13 (2): 389â427. doi:10.1163/19552629-bja10021. hdl:20.500.11794/107943. ISSN 1955-2629.
- ^ "Approvato il progetto che dichiara il 'Talian' come patrimonio del Rio Grande del Sud â Brasile". Sitoveneto. Archived from the original on 23 July 2013. Retrieved 9 March 2012.
- ^ Franceschetto, Cilmar (June 2001). "Espirito Santo, lo stato piu' veneto del Brasile" [EspĂrito Santo, the most Venetian state in Brazil]. Veneti nel Mondo (in Italian). Archived from the original on 2004-03-16.
- ^ Losekann, Silvana (June 13, 2009). "Sancionada lei que declara o Talian dialeto integrante do patrimĂŽnio do RS". Defender â Defesa Civil do PatrimĂŽnio HistĂłrico. Retrieved 9 March 2012.
- ^ Alves, Ozias (2013). Parlons Talian: Dialecte vénitien du Brésil. Paris: L'Harmattan. ISBN 978-2-343-01576-7.
- ^ Gilvan MĂŒller de Oliveira (2009). "Plurilinguismo no Brasil: repressĂŁo e resistĂȘncia lingĂŒĂstica" (PDF) (in Brazilian Portuguese). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2019-10-17. Retrieved 2023-04-16.
- ^ "A luta para salvar os dialetos europeus no Brasil". 2019-10-17. Archived from the original on 2019-10-17. Retrieved 2022-07-01.
- ^ Pozenato, JosĂ© Clemente (coord.). RelatĂłrio final do projeto-piloto InventĂĄrio do Talian. Instituto VĂȘneto - Associação Cultural Educacional Novo VĂȘneto / Universidade de Caxias do Sul, 2010
- ^ "PupĂ nostro - Pai nosso em Talian (vĂŹdio)". Brasil Talian, mar/2017
- ^ "EstatĂsticas Ătalo-brasileiras". Archived from the original on 2014-11-29. Retrieved 2014-11-20.
- ^ Venetian at Ethnologue (16th ed., 2009)
- ^ Bolson, Bibiana (2014-11-20). "Dialeto de imigrantes italianos se torna patrimĂŽnio brasileiro" [Italian immigrants' dialect becomes Brazilian patrimony]. Jornal Hoje (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 2018-09-03.
- ^ Law No. 13.178 Archived 2021-04-22 at the Wayback Machine, of 10 June 2009. "Declaring the Talian dialect as historical and cultural patrimony of the State, originating from Italians and descendants living in Rio Grande do Sul". DOE No. 109, of 12 June 2009
- ^ Law No. 14.951 Archived 2018-09-03 at the Wayback Machine, of 11 November 2009. "Declaring the Talian dialect as historical and cultural patrimony of the State, originating from Italians and descendants living in Santa Catarina". DO No. 18.728, of 11 November 2009
- ^ "Vereadores aprovam o talian como lĂngua co-oficial do municĂpio" (in Portuguese). Archived from the original on 17 April 2019. Retrieved 21 August 2011.
- ^ "Talian em busca de mais reconhecimento" (in Portuguese). Archived from the original on 1 August 2012. Retrieved 24 August 2011.
- ^ Talian em Serafina CorrĂȘa, breve histĂłrico, MunicĂpio de Serafina CorrĂȘa
- ^ Lei NÂș 17.778, de 25 de setembro de 2019, Reconhece o MunicĂpio de Nova Erechim como a Capital Catarinense do Talian (vĂȘneto brasileiro)
- ^ Lei OrdinĂĄria NÂș 20757, de 4 de novembro de 2021
- ^ Governador sanciona Lei que torna Colombo a Capital do Talian no ParanĂĄ, Jornal de Colombo
- ^ Ratinho JĂșnior sanciona lei que torna Colombo Capital do Talian no ParanĂĄ, Grupo ParanĂĄ Comunicação
- ^ "CĂąmara Municipal de Vereadores de AntĂŽnio Prado". 2019-04-18. Archived from the original on 18 April 2019. Retrieved 2022-02-27.
- ^ Machado, Felipe. "Aprovado em primeira votação, projeto que torna o Talian, segunda lĂngua oficial de Bento" (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 2022-02-27.
- ^ Machado, Felipe. "Co-oficialização do Talian é aprovada pela Cùmara de Bento" (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 2022-02-27.
- ^ "CĂąmara Bento â Projeto do Executivo Ă© aprovado e Talian se torna a lĂngua co-oficial". Archived from the original on 9 June 2016. Retrieved 11 June 2016.
- ^ LĂnguas cooficializadas nos municĂpios brasileiros, Instituto de Investigação e Desenvolvimento em PolĂtica LinguĂstica (IPOL)
- ^ Projeto de Lei Legislativo NÂș 0003/2023 - DispĂ”e sobre a cooficialização da lĂngua talian no MunicĂpio de Capinzal/SC
- ^ "Lei Municipal NÂș 3.049, de 16 de março de 2022 - DispĂ”e sobre a Cooficialização da LĂngua Talian e do PolonĂȘs no MunicĂpio de Casca - RS". Archived from the original on 2022-05-22. Retrieved 2022-05-22.
- ^ "Lei confirma o Talian como segunda lĂngua oficial de Caxias do Sul". Archived from the original on 30 March 2019. Retrieved 30 March 2019.
- ^ Lei Municipal N. 2.998/2023, de 18 de maio de 2023, MunicĂpio de CotiporĂŁ
- ^ "MunicĂpio de Fagundes Varela - A Cidade - Talian". 2019-04-18. Archived from the original on 18 April 2019. Retrieved 2022-02-27.
- ^ Talian Ă© reconhecido como a segunda lĂngua oficial de Farroupilha
- ^ Vereadores cooficializam o Talian como lĂngua do municĂpio
- ^ Projeto 016/2022 â DispĂ”e sobre a cooficialização da lĂngua âtalianâ a lĂngua portuguesa no municĂpio de Farroupilha
- ^ Projeto de Lei 016/2022, DispĂ”e sobre a cooficialização da lĂngua talian Ă lĂngua portuguesa no MunicĂpio de Farroupilha
- ^ "Talian pode ser lĂngua cooficial de Flores da Cunha". Archived from the original on 2016-06-15. Retrieved 2019-05-09.
- ^ "Talian Ă© lĂngua cooficial de Flores da Cunha". Archived from the original on 15 June 2016. Retrieved 15 June 2016.
- ^ "Flores da Cunha (RS) â Projeto pretende instituir o "Talian" como lĂngua co oficial no MunicĂpio". Archived from the original on 8 August 2016. Retrieved 31 March 2019.
- ^ Projeto de Lei do Legislativo nÂș 0015/2022 and RelatĂłrio de votaçÔes do Projeto de Lei do Legislativo nÂș 0015/2022, CĂąmara de Vereadores de Garibaldi, accessed on September 11, 2022
- ^ "Lei NÂș 5.568, de 06 de setembro de 2022". Archived from the original on 2022-09-20. Retrieved 2022-09-16.
- ^ Lei NÂș 1.868, de 17 de dezembro de 2020 Archived 2021-03-07 at the Wayback Machine - DispĂ”e sobre a cooficialização das lĂnguas talian e hunsrĂŒckisch no municĂpio de Ipumirim - SC.
- ^ Lei NÂș 6.140, de 26 de junho de 2023 - DispĂ”e sobre a cooficialização da lĂngua "talian" Ă lĂngua portuguesa no MunicĂpio de Marau, Leis Municipais
- ^ CĂąmara aprova projeto que cooficializa lĂngua Talian em Nova Bassano
- ^ "Nova Erechim cooficializa o talian | Talian Brasil". 2016-01-14. Archived from the original on 2016-01-14. Retrieved 2022-02-27.
- ^ Lei NÂș 1310 de 16 de outubro de 2015 â DispĂ”e sobre a cooficialização da lĂngua do "talian", Ă lĂngua portuguesa, no municĂpio de Nova Roma do Sul"
- ^ O Talian agora Ă© a lĂngua co-oficial de Nova Roma do Sul, municĂpio de Nova Roma do Sul
- ^ Vereadores aprovam Projeto de Lei que cooficializa as lĂnguas Talian (Italiana) e HunsrĂŒckisch (AlemĂŁ) em Ouro
- ^ Projeto de Lei Legislativo NÂș 0001/2022
- ^ "Talian: protagonismo na luta pelo reconhecimento cultural e fortalecimento pela lei de cooficialização | IPOL". 2019-05-08. Archived from the original on 2019-05-08. Retrieved 2022-02-27.
- ^ Lei NÂș 414, de 20 de dezembro de 2019 Archived 2022-09-11 at the Wayback Machine, DispĂ”e Sobre a Cooficialização da LĂngua Talian, Ă LĂngua Portuguesa, no MunicĂpio de Pinto Bandeira
- ^ "Talian em busca de mais reconhecimento" (in Portuguese). Archived from the original on 1 August 2012. Retrieved 24 August 2011.
- ^ O MunicĂpio de UniĂŁo da Serra passa a ter como lĂngua co-oficial o Talian!, Prefeitura Municipal de UniĂŁo da Serra
- ^ LEI NÂș 1.555/2022, Leis Municipais
- ^ Institui o "Talian" - VĂȘneto Brasileiro como a Segunda LĂngua Oficial do municĂpio de Vila Flores, CĂąmara Municipal de Vila Flores
- ^ Com talian como idioma co-oficial: Vila Flores, na Serra, se torna um municĂpio bilĂngue
- ^ Vila Flores torna-se um municĂpio bilĂngue
- ^ Aprovado projeto que declara o Talian como patrimĂŽnio do RS Archived 27 January 2012 at the Wayback Machine, accessed on 21 August 2011
- ^ "LEI-014951". server03.pge.sc.gov.br. Retrieved 2022-02-27.
- ^ "Palavras livres: Rotary apresenta açÔes na Cùmara. FEIBEMO divulga cultura italiana". cacador.net (in Brazilian Portuguese). 11 August 2011. Retrieved 2022-02-27.
- ^ "Untitled Document". archive.ph. 2012-07-30. Archived from the original on 2012-07-30. Retrieved 2022-02-27.
External linksâ»
- Talian Corpus, a project by linguists NatĂĄlia B. Guzzo and Guilherme D. Garcia.
- YouTube video interview about Talian with Talian speaker from the town of Monte Belo do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
- YouTube video interview with a couple of Talian speakers from the town of Venda Nova do Imigrante, EspĂrito Santo, Brazil.
- YouTube video radio station broadcast in Talian in the town of Serafina Correa, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
- La Rena Brasil
- Portuguese essay, written by Bernardette Soldatelli Oliboni A estigmatização como fator determinante dos bloqueios de fala de descendentes de italianos no nordeste do Rio Grande do Sul ("Stigmatization as a determining impeding factor to the language of descendants of Italians in the northeast of Rio Grande do Sul")
- Main Dialects of Rio Grande do Sul
- Il "talian"
- Musibrasil
- Talian, heritage of Rio Grande do Sul Archived 2013-07-23 at the Wayback Machine