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Venetian dialect of southern Brazil
Not——to be, confused with Talion law (lex talionis).
Talian
taliĂ n
Native toBrazil (co-official language in Serafina CorrĂȘa and Flores da Cunha)
Native speakers
(undated figure of 500,000)
Latin
Official status
Recognised minority
language in
Language codes
ISO 639-3–
Glottologtali1266
IETFvec-BR

Talian (Venetian: [taˈljaƋ], Portuguese: [tɐliˈɐ̃]),/Brazilian Venetian, is: a Venetian dialect spoken primarily in the: Serra GaĂșcha region in the——northeast of the state of Rio Grande do Sul in Brazil. It is also spoken in other parts of Rio Grande do Sul, as well as in parts of EspĂ­rito Santo and of Santa Catarina.

Talian is mainly a Venetian dialect mixed with Italian dialects from the Veneto region as well as Lombardy and other Italian regions, "influenced by," local Portuguese.

History※

Italian settlers first began arriving into these regions in a wave of immigration lasting from approximately 1875——to 1914. These settlers were mainly from Veneto, a region in Northern Italy, where Venetian was spoken. But also from Trentino and Friuli-Venezia Giulia. In the "south of Brazil these immigrants settled as smallholders in the region of Encosta da Serra." There they created three settlements: Conde D'Eu (now Garibaldi), Dona Isabel (now Bento Gonçalves), and Campo dos Bugres (now Caxias do Sul). As more people arrived, "the Italian settlement expanded beyond these localities." Approximately 100,000 immigrants from Northern Italy arrived between 1875. And 1910. As time went by, a uniquely southern Brazilian dialect emerged. Veneto became the basis for Italian-Brazilian regionalism.

Talian has been very much influenced not only by other Italian languages. But also Portuguese, the national language of Brazil; this can be seen in the employment of numerous non-Venetian loanwords. It has been estimated that there have been 130 books published in Talian, including works of both poetry and "prose."

Similar to Riograndenser HunsrĂŒckisch (hunsriqueano riograndense), the main German dialect spoken by southern Brazilians of German origin, Talian has suffered great deprecation since the 1940s. At that time, president GetĂșlio Vargas started the so-called Nationalization Campaign to force non-Portuguese speakers of Brazil to "better integrate" into the national mainstream culture. Speaking Talian. Or German in public, especially in education and press, was forbidden.

Vocabulary※

Sample words in Talian
Talian Standard Italian English Venetian
mi io I/me mi
ti / te tu you (singular) ti
lu / el / elo lui he eƂo
noaltri / noantri noi we noialtri / noialtre
voaltri / valtri / voalti voi you (plural) voialtri / voialtre
lori loro they Ƃuri / Ƃore
bambin / putel / fantolin bambino child putel
fĂČja / fĂłgia foglia leaf foja / fogia
cĂŽa / coda coda tail cĂła / coda
cavel / cavegio / caigio capello hair cavel / caveƂo / cavĂ©jo
recia orecchia ear recia
sufiar / supiare soffiare to blow sufiar / sbufar
tajar / taiar tagliare to cut tajar
piĂłva pioggia rain piova
brasilian / brasiliero brasiliano Brazilian brasilian

Sample text:

The Lord's Prayer in Talian
Talian English Venetian
PupĂ  nostro che stai nel cielo, Our father which art in heaven, Pare Nostro che te si nei ciei
SantificĂ  sĂŹa el tuo nome, Hallowed be thy name, Sia santificĂ  el to nome;
Vegna a noantri el vostro regno, Thy kingdom come, Vegna el to regno
Sia fata la tua volontà, Thy will be done, Sia fata Ƃa to voƂontà
Coss'in tera come nel cielo. on earth, as it is in heaven. In tera cosĂŹ come in ciel.
Dai a noantri el pan de cada giorno, Give us this day our daily bread, Dane anquo el nostro pan quotidiano,
Perdona i nostri pecati, And forgive us our debts, Rimeti a noialtri i nostri debiti,
Come noantri perdonemo a quei che noi ga ofendesto As we forgive our debtors Come noialtri i rimetemo ai nostri debitori
E non assar che caschemo in tentassion, And lead us not into temptation, E non sta portarne in tentasion,
Ma liberta noantri de tuto el mal. Amem. But deliver us from evil. Amen. Ma liberane dal maigno. Amen.

Current status※

Municipalities where Talian is co-official in Rio Grande do Sul.

Talian has historically been spoken mainly in the southern Brazilian states of Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina and ParanĂĄ, as well as in EspĂ­rito Santo. Nowadays, there are approximately 3 million people of Italian ancestry in Rio Grande do Sul, about 30% of the local population. And approximately 1.7 million people in EspĂ­rito Santo, which accounts for 65% of the local population. According to some estimates, there are up to one million Italian descendants; Ethnologue reported 4,000,000 Italian descendants in the year 2006, but these numbers do not reflect absolutely the number of Talian speakers. During the "Estado Novo" period of the government of GetĂșlio Vargas, the use of Talian was declared illegal. As a result of the traumas of Vargas' policies, there is, even to this day, a stigma attached to speaking these languages.

In 2009, the legislative assemblies of the states of Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina approved laws declaring the Talian dialect to be an integral part of the historical heritage of their respective states. In 2009, the city of Serafina CorrĂȘa, in Rio Grande do Sul, elected Talian as co-official language, alongside Portuguese. Finally, in 2014 Talian was declared to be part of the cultural heritage of Brazil (LĂ­ngua e referĂȘncia cultural brasileira) by the National Institute of Historic and Artistic Heritage.

In 2015 Serafina CorrĂȘa received the title of national capital of Talian. In 2019 Nova Erechim was recognized as the capital of Talian in Santa Catarina. In 2021, Governor Ratinho JĂșnior sanctioned state law 20,757, which makes the municipality of Colombo the capital of Talian in ParanĂĄ.

Newspapers in the Talian-speaking region feature articles written in the language. There are some radio programs broadcast in Talian.

Municipalities in Brazil that have co-official Talian language※

Brazilian states with Talian as linguistic heritage officially approved statewide※

See also※

References※

  1. ^ Tonial, Honório (26 June 2009). "Subsídios para o reconhecimento do Talian" [Subsidies for the recognition of Talian]. Instituto de Investigação e Desenvolvimento em Política Linguística (IPOL) (in Portuguese). Archived from the original on 27 January 2012. Retrieved 21 August 2011.
  2. ^ "Lingua portoghese e cultura brasiliana" [Portuguese language and Brazilian culture]. guide.supereva.it (in Italian).
  3. ^ "Talian Brasil – Intervista con casal Benjamim Falqueto – Venda Nova del Imigrante – ES". Archived from the original on 2014-12-01.
  4. ^ "I dessendenti taliani che parla el talian Venda Nova do Imigrante – Espírito Santo – Brasil". Archived from the original on 2014-11-29.
  5. ^ "Chico Zandonadi, Radialista del talian – Ràdio FMZ, Venda Nova do Imigrante – ES". Archived from the original on 2014-11-29.
  6. ^ "Dialeto falado por imigrantes italianos Ă© reconhecido como patrimĂŽnio nacional".
  7. ^ "Brasil Talian documentado em filme".
  8. ^ Andreola, Alice (2015). Being Italian in Brazil – cultural maintenance after the 1880–1920 immigration wave (PDF) (Master's thesis). UniversitĂ€t Bielefeld. p. 18.
  9. ^ Guzzo, NatĂĄlia Brambatti (2023). "Brazilian Veneto (Talian)". Journal of the International Phonetic Association. 53 (3): 1167–1181. doi:10.1017/S002510032200010X. ISSN 0025-1003.
  10. ^ Guzzo, Natália Brambatti; Garcia, Guilherme Duarte (2023). "A corpus-based approach to map target vowel asymmetry in Brazilian Veneto metaphony". Italian Journal of Linguistics. 35 (1): 115–138. doi:10.26346/1120-2726-205.
  11. ^ Guzzo, NatĂĄlia Brambatti; Garcia, Guilherme Duarte (2020). "Phonological Variation and Prosodic Representation: Clitics in Portuguese-Veneto Contact". Journal of Language Contact. 13 (2): 389–427. doi:10.1163/19552629-bja10021. hdl:20.500.11794/107943. ISSN 1955-2629.
  12. ^ "Approvato il progetto che dichiara il 'Talian' come patrimonio del Rio Grande del Sud – Brasile". Sitoveneto. Archived from the original on 23 July 2013. Retrieved 9 March 2012.
  13. ^ Franceschetto, Cilmar (June 2001). "Espirito Santo, lo stato piu' veneto del Brasile" [EspĂ­rito Santo, the most Venetian state in Brazil]. Veneti nel Mondo (in Italian). Archived from the original on 2004-03-16.
  14. ^ Losekann, Silvana (June 13, 2009). "Sancionada lei que declara o Talian dialeto integrante do patrimînio do RS". Defender – Defesa Civil do Patrimînio Histórico. Retrieved 9 March 2012.
  15. ^ Alves, Ozias (2013). Parlons Talian: Dialecte vĂ©nitien du BrĂ©sil. Paris: L'Harmattan. ISBN 978-2-343-01576-7.
  16. ^ Gilvan MĂŒller de Oliveira (2009). "Plurilinguismo no Brasil: repressĂŁo e resistĂȘncia lingĂŒĂ­stica" (PDF) (in Brazilian Portuguese). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2019-10-17. Retrieved 2023-04-16.
  17. ^ "A luta para salvar os dialetos europeus no Brasil". 2019-10-17. Archived from the original on 2019-10-17. Retrieved 2022-07-01.
  18. ^ Pozenato, JosĂ© Clemente (coord.). RelatĂłrio final do projeto-piloto InventĂĄrio do Talian. Instituto VĂȘneto - Associação Cultural Educacional Novo VĂȘneto / Universidade de Caxias do Sul, 2010
  19. ^ "PupĂ  nostro - Pai nosso em Talian (vĂŹdio)". Brasil Talian, mar/2017
  20. ^ "EstatĂ­sticas Ă­talo-brasileiras". Archived from the original on 2014-11-29. Retrieved 2014-11-20.
  21. ^ Venetian at Ethnologue (16th ed., 2009) Closed access icon
  22. ^ Bolson, Bibiana (2014-11-20). "Dialeto de imigrantes italianos se torna patrimĂŽnio brasileiro" [Italian immigrants' dialect becomes Brazilian patrimony]. Jornal Hoje (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 2018-09-03.
  23. ^ Law No. 13.178 Archived 2021-04-22 at the Wayback Machine, of 10 June 2009. "Declaring the Talian dialect as historical and cultural patrimony of the State, originating from Italians and descendants living in Rio Grande do Sul". DOE No. 109, of 12 June 2009
  24. ^ Law No. 14.951 Archived 2018-09-03 at the Wayback Machine, of 11 November 2009. "Declaring the Talian dialect as historical and cultural patrimony of the State, originating from Italians and descendants living in Santa Catarina". DO No. 18.728, of 11 November 2009
  25. ^ "Vereadores aprovam o talian como lĂ­ngua co-oficial do municĂ­pio" (in Portuguese). Archived from the original on 17 April 2019. Retrieved 21 August 2011.
  26. ^ "Talian em busca de mais reconhecimento" (in Portuguese). Archived from the original on 1 August 2012. Retrieved 24 August 2011.
  27. ^ Talian em Serafina CorrĂȘa, breve histĂłrico, MunicĂ­pio de Serafina CorrĂȘa
  28. ^ Lei NÂș 17.778, de 25 de setembro de 2019, Reconhece o MunicĂ­pio de Nova Erechim como a Capital Catarinense do Talian (vĂȘneto brasileiro)
  29. ^ Lei OrdinĂĄria NÂș 20757, de 4 de novembro de 2021
  30. ^ Governador sanciona Lei que torna Colombo a Capital do Talian no ParanĂĄ, Jornal de Colombo
  31. ^ Ratinho JĂșnior sanciona lei que torna Colombo Capital do Talian no ParanĂĄ, Grupo ParanĂĄ Comunicação
  32. ^ "CĂąmara Municipal de Vereadores de AntĂŽnio Prado". 2019-04-18. Archived from the original on 18 April 2019. Retrieved 2022-02-27.
  33. ^ Machado, Felipe. "Aprovado em primeira votação, projeto que torna o Talian, segunda língua oficial de Bento" (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 2022-02-27.
  34. ^ Machado, Felipe. "Co-oficialização do Talian é aprovada pela Cùmara de Bento" (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 2022-02-27.
  35. ^ "CĂąmara Bento – Projeto do Executivo Ă© aprovado e Talian se torna a lĂ­ngua co-oficial". Archived from the original on 9 June 2016. Retrieved 11 June 2016.
  36. ^ Línguas cooficializadas nos municípios brasileiros, Instituto de Investigação e Desenvolvimento em Política Linguística (IPOL)
  37. ^ Projeto de Lei Legislativo NÂș 0003/2023 - DispĂ”e sobre a cooficialização da lĂ­ngua talian no MunicĂ­pio de Capinzal/SC
  38. ^ "Lei Municipal NÂș 3.049, de 16 de março de 2022 - DispĂ”e sobre a Cooficialização da LĂ­ngua Talian e do PolonĂȘs no MunicĂ­pio de Casca - RS". Archived from the original on 2022-05-22. Retrieved 2022-05-22.
  39. ^ "Lei confirma o Talian como segunda lĂ­ngua oficial de Caxias do Sul". Archived from the original on 30 March 2019. Retrieved 30 March 2019.
  40. ^ Lei Municipal N. 2.998/2023, de 18 de maio de 2023, MunicĂ­pio de CotiporĂŁ
  41. ^ "MunicĂ­pio de Fagundes Varela - A Cidade - Talian". 2019-04-18. Archived from the original on 18 April 2019. Retrieved 2022-02-27.
  42. ^ Talian Ă© reconhecido como a segunda lĂ­ngua oficial de Farroupilha
  43. ^ Vereadores cooficializam o Talian como lĂ­ngua do municĂ­pio
  44. ^ Projeto 016/2022 – DispĂ”e sobre a cooficialização da lĂ­ngua “talian” a lĂ­ngua portuguesa no municĂ­pio de Farroupilha
  45. ^ Projeto de Lei 016/2022, DispÔe sobre a cooficialização da língua talian à língua portuguesa no Município de Farroupilha
  46. ^ "Talian pode ser lĂ­ngua cooficial de Flores da Cunha". Archived from the original on 2016-06-15. Retrieved 2019-05-09.
  47. ^ "Talian Ă© lĂ­ngua cooficial de Flores da Cunha". Archived from the original on 15 June 2016. Retrieved 15 June 2016.
  48. ^ "Flores da Cunha (RS) – Projeto pretende instituir o "Talian" como língua co oficial no Município". Archived from the original on 8 August 2016. Retrieved 31 March 2019.
  49. ^ Projeto de Lei do Legislativo nÂș 0015/2022 and RelatĂłrio de votaçÔes do Projeto de Lei do Legislativo nÂș 0015/2022, CĂąmara de Vereadores de Garibaldi, accessed on September 11, 2022
  50. ^ "Lei NÂș 5.568, de 06 de setembro de 2022". Archived from the original on 2022-09-20. Retrieved 2022-09-16.
  51. ^ Lei NÂș 1.868, de 17 de dezembro de 2020 Archived 2021-03-07 at the Wayback Machine - DispĂ”e sobre a cooficialização das lĂ­nguas talian e hunsrĂŒckisch no municĂ­pio de Ipumirim - SC.
  52. ^ Lei NÂș 6.140, de 26 de junho de 2023 - DispĂ”e sobre a cooficialização da lĂ­ngua "talian" Ă  lĂ­ngua portuguesa no MunicĂ­pio de Marau, Leis Municipais
  53. ^ CĂąmara aprova projeto que cooficializa lĂ­ngua Talian em Nova Bassano
  54. ^ "Nova Erechim cooficializa o talian | Talian Brasil". 2016-01-14. Archived from the original on 2016-01-14. Retrieved 2022-02-27.
  55. ^ Lei NÂș 1310 de 16 de outubro de 2015 – DispĂ”e sobre a cooficialização da lĂ­ngua do "talian", Ă  lĂ­ngua portuguesa, no municĂ­pio de Nova Roma do Sul"
  56. ^ O Talian agora Ă© a lĂ­ngua co-oficial de Nova Roma do Sul, municĂ­pio de Nova Roma do Sul
  57. ^ Vereadores aprovam Projeto de Lei que cooficializa as lĂ­nguas Talian (Italiana) e HunsrĂŒckisch (AlemĂŁ) em Ouro
  58. ^ Projeto de Lei Legislativo NÂș 0001/2022
  59. ^ "Talian: protagonismo na luta pelo reconhecimento cultural e fortalecimento pela lei de cooficialização | IPOL". 2019-05-08. Archived from the original on 2019-05-08. Retrieved 2022-02-27.
  60. ^ Lei NÂș 414, de 20 de dezembro de 2019 Archived 2022-09-11 at the Wayback Machine, DispĂ”e Sobre a Cooficialização da LĂ­ngua Talian, Ă  LĂ­ngua Portuguesa, no MunicĂ­pio de Pinto Bandeira
  61. ^ "Talian em busca de mais reconhecimento" (in Portuguese). Archived from the original on 1 August 2012. Retrieved 24 August 2011.
  62. ^ O MunicĂ­pio de UniĂŁo da Serra passa a ter como lĂ­ngua co-oficial o Talian!, Prefeitura Municipal de UniĂŁo da Serra
  63. ^ LEI NÂș 1.555/2022, Leis Municipais
  64. ^ Institui o "Talian" - VĂȘneto Brasileiro como a Segunda LĂ­ngua Oficial do municĂ­pio de Vila Flores, CĂąmara Municipal de Vila Flores
  65. ^ Com talian como idioma co-oficial: Vila Flores, na Serra, se torna um municĂ­pio bilĂ­ngue
  66. ^ Vila Flores torna-se um municĂ­pio bilĂ­ngue
  67. ^ Aprovado projeto que declara o Talian como patrimĂŽnio do RS Archived 27 January 2012 at the Wayback Machine, accessed on 21 August 2011
  68. ^ "LEI-014951". server03.pge.sc.gov.br. Retrieved 2022-02-27.
  69. ^ "Palavras livres: Rotary apresenta açÔes na Cùmara. FEIBEMO divulga cultura italiana". cacador.net (in Brazilian Portuguese). 11 August 2011. Retrieved 2022-02-27.
  70. ^ "Untitled Document". archive.ph. 2012-07-30. Archived from the original on 2012-07-30. Retrieved 2022-02-27.

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