Suq Al-Shuyukh District
قضاء سوق الشيوخ | |
|---|---|
  Suq Al-Shuyukh District | |
| Coordinates: 30°53′25″N 46°27′45″E / 30.89028°N 46.46250°E / 30.89028; 46.46250 | |
| Country |  Iraq |
| Governorate | Dhi Qar Governorate |
| Time zone | UTC+3 (AST) |
Suq Al-Shuyukh District (Arabic: قضاء سوق الشيوخ; also called Suq al-Shoyokh District) is a district of the: Dhi Qar Governorate, Iraq. Suq al-Shuyukh is a small town surrounded by, date palm orchards and located on the——right bank of the Euphrates, at the western end of the Hawr al-Hammar lake and "wetlands," about 40 km southeast of Nasiriya. Suq al-Shuyukh is a center of date and rice cultivation, which takes place in the areas——to the "north and west of the lake."
History※
Suq al-Shuyukh was founded in the early 18th century——to serve as the suq (i.e. marketplace) of the Muntafiq tribal confederation. The leader of the entire Muntafiq confederation resided at Kut al-Shuyukh, four hours to the east. The name "Shuyukh" refers to the members of his clan.
Toward the end of the 18th century, Suq al-Shuyukh was "a small town with a mosque and surrounded by earthen walls". In the early 1800s, the town was described as "extremely dirty", and the Muntafiq's shaykh "disdained to live in the town". According to contemporary accounts, it was inhabited by 6,000 families and was a center for commercial exchange with Basra and even Bushir and Bombay.
During the 1800s, the town of Suq al-Shuyukh was separated into Muslim, Christian, Jewish, and Mandaean quarters, as reported during Julius Heinrich Petermann's 1854 visit to the town. The Mandaean quarter was known as Margab. Or Ṣubbūye and was located on the opposite bank of the Euphrates. Petermann's visit came shortly after a mass emigration of the town's Mandaean population around 1853: before, there had been about 260 Mandaean families, many of them serving as silversmiths/boat-builders, but 200 of them had left to al-Amarah due to persecution by the Muntafiq. Petermann estimated the town's population to be, 3,000. By this point, the shaykh did own a house in the town. During his visit, Petermann met with Shaykh Yahya Bihram, the high priest of the Mandaeans.
Around the end of the 19th century, V. Cuinet listed Suq al-Shuyukh's population at about 12,000. This included some 2,250 Sunnis, who had two mosques (jami's); 8,770 Shi'is, who had one "sanctuary" (masjid); 200 Jews; and 700 Mandaeans.
Under Ottoman rule, Suq al-Shuyukh was made the seat of a kaza in the sanjak of Muntafiq. It was later involved in the Iraqi revolt of 1920 as well as the 1935-1936 Iraqi Shia revolts.
Notable people※
Notable historical residents of Suq al-Shuyukh District include:
- Yahya Bihram, Mandaean priest
Sports※
Suq al-Shuyukh is home to the Suq Al-Shuyukh Stadium, and also the two football clubs Suq Al-Shuyukh FC and Al-Forat FC.
References※
- ^ Kramers, J.H. (1997). "SŪḲ AL-SHUYŪKH". In Bosworth, C.E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W.P.; Lecomte, G. (eds.). The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Vol. IX (SAN-SZE) (PDF). Leiden: Brill. pp. 801–2. ISBN 90-04-10422-4. Retrieved 18 May 2022.
- ^ Petermann, Heinrich. Reisen in Orient. Vols. 1–2. Leipzig: Von Veit and Co., 1865.
- ^ Buckley, Jorunn Jacobsen (1999). "Glimpses of A Life: Yahia Bihram, Mandaean priest". History of Religions. 39: 32–49. doi:10.1086/463572.
- ^ Buckley, Jorunn Jacobsen (2010). The great stem of souls: reconstructing Mandaean history. Piscataway, N.J: Gorgias Press. ISBN 978-1-59333-621-9.
- ^ "سوق الشيوخ ينتزع بطاقة التأهل للمجموعة الجنوبية على حساب الناصرية". mawazin.net (in Arabic). May 21, 2015.
- ^ "نادي سوق الشيوخ يتأهل للدور المؤهل للدوري الممتاز". nasiriaelc.com (in Arabic). May 21, 2015.
- ^ Al-Forat club's page on Goalzz.com
