(Redirected from Political parties of South Korea)
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This article lists political parties in South Korea.
South Korea has a weakly institutionalized multi-party system, characterized by, "frequent changes in party arrangements." At least one of the many political parties have a chance of gaining power alone.
Current partiesโป
Parties represented in the National Assemblyโป
![]() | This section needsโโto be, updated. Please help update this articleโโto reflect recent events. Or newly available information. (April 2024) |
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/2024_Logo_of_the_Democratic_Party_of_Korea.svg/100px-2024_Logo_of_the_Democratic_Party_of_Korea.svg.png)
- Democratic Party
- ๋๋ถ์ด๋ฏผ์ฃผ๋น
- ๋๋ถ์ดๆฐไธป้ปจ
- Deobureominjudang
153 / 300
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Logo_of_People_Power_Party_of_Korea.svg/135px-Logo_of_People_Power_Party_of_Korea.svg.png)
- People Power Party
- ๊ตญ๋ฏผ์ํ
- ๅๆฐ์ํ
- Gungminuihim
114 / 300
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Green_Justice_Party_logo.svg/145px-Green_Justice_Party_logo.svg.png)
- Green-Justice Party
- ๋ น์์ ์๋น
- ็ถ ่ฒๆญฃ็พฉ้ปจ
- Noksaekjeonguidang
6 / 300
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Logo_of_the_New_Future_Party_%28South_Korea%29.svg/115px-Logo_of_the_New_Future_Party_%28South_Korea%29.svg.png)
- New Future
- ์๋ก์ด๋ฏธ๋
- ์๋ก์ดๆชไพ
- Saerounmirae
5 / 300
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Logo_of_the_New_Reform_Party_%28South_Korea%29.svg/110px-Logo_of_the_New_Reform_Party_%28South_Korea%29.svg.png)
- New Reform Party
- ๊ฐํ์ ๋น
- Gaehyeokshindang
4 / 300
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Logo_of_the_Basic_Income_Party.svg/120px-Logo_of_the_Basic_Income_Party.svg.png)
- Basic Income Party
- ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์๋๋น
- Gibonsodeukdang
1 / 300
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/%EC%A1%B0%EA%B5%AD%ED%98%81%EC%8B%A0%EB%8B%B9_%EB%A1%9C%EA%B3%A0.svg/120px-%EC%A1%B0%EA%B5%AD%ED%98%81%EC%8B%A0%EB%8B%B9_%EB%A1%9C%EA%B3%A0.svg.png)
- Rebuilding Korea Party
- ์กฐ๊ตญํ์ ๋น
- Jogukhyeokshindang
Liberalism
Reformism
1 / 300
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/%EC%9E%90%EC%9C%A0%ED%86%B5%EC%9D%BC%EB%8B%B9_%EB%A1%9C%EA%B3%A0.svg/140px-%EC%9E%90%EC%9C%A0%ED%86%B5%EC%9D%BC%EB%8B%B9_%EB%A1%9C%EA%B3%A0.svg.png)
- Liberal Unification Party
- ์์ ํต์ผ๋น
- ่ช็ฑ็ตฑไธ้ปจ
- Jayutongildang
Korean nationalism
Anti-communism
Anti-Islam
1 / 300
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/%EC%A7%84%EB%B3%B4%EB%8B%B9_%282017%EB%85%84%29_%EB%A1%9C%EA%B3%A0.svg/100px-%EC%A7%84%EB%B3%B4%EB%8B%B9_%282017%EB%85%84%29_%EB%A1%9C%EA%B3%A0.svg.png)
- Progressive Party
- ์ง๋ณด๋น
- ้ฒๆญฅ้ปจ
- Jinbodang
1 / 300
- ^ The Justice Party is considered a solid 'left-wing'/'progressive' in South Korea's political landscape. However, some of the researchers have evaluated the "Justice Party as radical in South Korea's conservative political landscape." But still more moderate than the centre-left social democrats in Europe.
- ^ JP does not support anti-communism and is moderate-open to dialogue with the North Korean government. However, "unlike the DPK," which supports a friendly approach to North Korea.
- ^ The Progressive Party is often described as "far-left" in South Korea due to its sympathies toward North Korea, opposition to the U.S. military presence in South Korea, and political similarities with the defunct Unified Progressive Party. This is due to the party descending from the Minjokhaebang-wing (National Liberation faction) of progressivism in South Korea, who were described as being left-wing nationalists, reunificationists and anti-American.
Extra-parliamentary partiesโป
Conservative partiesโป
Main article: Conservatism in South Korea
- Republican Party of South Korea (๊ณตํ๋น)
- Pro-Park New Party (์น๋ฐ์ ๋น)
- Our Republican Party (์ฐ๋ฆฌ๊ณตํ๋น)
- Korean National Party (ํ๊ตญ๊ตญ๋ฏผ๋น)
- Saenuri Party (2017) (์๋๋ฆฌ๋น)
- Hannara Party (2014) (ํ๋๋ผ๋น)
- All Citizen's Participatory Party (๊ฐ๊ฐ๊ตญ๋ฏผ์ฐธ์ฌ์ ๋น)
- Gana! The Anti-Communist Party of Korea (๊ฐ๋๋ฐ๊ณต์ ๋น์ฝ๋ฆฌ์)
- The Christian Party (๊ธฐ๋ ๋น)
- Korean Independence Party (ํ๊ตญ๋ ๋ฆฝ๋น)
- Every House Public Election Grand Party (๊ฐ๊ฐํธํธ๊ณต๋ช ์ ๊ฑฐ๋ํ๋น)
- Liberty Democratic Party (์์ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ๋น)
- New Korean Peninsula Party (์ ํ๋ฐ๋๋น)
- Korean People's Party (๋ํ๊ตญ๋ฏผ๋น)
- People's Grand United Party (๊ตญ๋ฏผ๋ํตํฉ๋น)
- National Solidarity for National Unity (๊ตญ๋ฏผํตํฉ์ฐ๋)
- Future Korean Peninsula Party (ํ๋ฐ๋๋ฏธ๋๋น)
Centrist (or conservative liberal) partiesโป
- Hongik Party (ํ์ต๋น)
- Elders' Welfare Party (๋ ธ์ธ๋ณต์ง๋น)
- Korean Wave Alliance Party (ํ๋ฅ์ฐํฉ๋น)
- Party for People's Livelihood (๋ฏผ์๋น)
- People's Policy Party (๊ตญ๋ฏผ์ ์ฑ ๋น)
Liberal partiesโป
Main article: Liberalism in South Korea
- Republic of Korea Party (๋ํ๋ฏผ๊ตญ๋น)
- K-Political Innovation Union Party (K์ ์นํ์ ์ฐํฉ๋น)
- Open Democratic Party (์ด๋ฆฐ๋ฏผ์ฃผ๋น), a recreation of the now-dissolved Open Democratic Party, which merged with the Democratic Party on 12 January 2022.
- Korea's Farmer and Fisherman's Party (ํ๊ตญ๋์ด๋ฏผ๋น)
- Pine Tree Party (์๋๋ฌด๋น)
Progressive partiesโป
Main article: Progressivism in South Korea
- Labor Party (๋ ธ๋๋น)
- Justice Party (์ ์๋น)
- Green Party (๋ น์๋น)
- Our Future (๋ฏธ๋๋น)
- National Sovereignty Party(๊ตญ๋ฏผ์ฃผ๊ถ๋น)
- Social Democratic Party (์ฌํ๋ฏผ์ฃผ๋น)
Single-issue partiesโป
- Women's Party (์ฌ์ฑ์๋น)
- People's Democracy Party (๋ฏผ์ค๋ฏผ์ฃผ๋น)
- Party for the Abolition of Special Privileges (๊ฐ๋ฝํน๊ถํ์ง๋น), aimed at eliminating the special privilege of sitting lawmakers not being able to be tried for crimes while serving as lawmaker.
- Korea Chamber of Commerce. And Industry Party
Unknown stances, third position. Or syncretic partiesโป
- National Revolutionary Party (๊ตญ๊ฐํ๋ช ๋น)
- United Korean People's Party (ํต์ผํ๊ตญ๋น), Samgyun-ist party, where republican and "nationalist political thought merge."
- Towards Tomorrow, Towards the Future (๋ด์ผ๋ก๋ฏธ๋๋ก), an electoral alliance party
of 10 minor conservative parties. Formerly known as the Chungcheong's Future Party. (2020-2023)
- Taegon Party (ํ๊ฑด๋น), a pseudo-religious party created from the Dragon Empire religious cult.
Parties in formationโป
These parties are not legal acting political parties yet, but are in the process of gathering petition signatures to become formal political parties.
Party name | Registration date | Party leader | Petitioning deadline | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nuclear Nation Party ํต๋๋ผ๋น |
5 October 2023 | Jeong Hui-won | 5 April 2024 | A Hitlerite party that has submitted its attempted registration for the 7th time |
The People's Judgement ๊ตญ๋ฏผ์์ฌํ |
3 November 2023 | Kim Pil-gyu | 3 May 2024 | |
The People's Sentiment ๋ฏผ์ฌ๋ํ |
6 November 2023 | Shin In-kyu | 6 May 2024 | Created from anti-Yoon conservatives. |
Abolish Special Privileges Party ํน๊ถํ์ง๋น |
4 December 2023 | Jang Gi-pyo | 4 June 2024 | Single-issue party aimed at abolishing the law stating that lawmakers cannot be prosecuted while a sitting lawmaker unless approval from two-thirds of parliament. |
Financial Reform Party ๊ธ์ต๊ฐํ๋น |
17 January 2024 | Shin Mi-sook | 16 June 2024 | |
Korea Chamber of Commerce and Industry Party ๋ํ์๊ณต์ธ๋น |
5 February 2024 | Jeong Jae-hoon | 5 August 2024 | Represents the rights of small business owners, self-employed people, small and medium-sized enterprises, and merchants, as well as socially and policy-vulnerable groups such as youth, the disabled. And North Korean defectors. |
Pine Tree Party ์๋๋ฌด๋น |
13 Feb 2024 | Song Young-gil | 13 August 2024 | A party created by former Democratic Party leader Song Young-gil. |
K-Politics Alliance K์ ์น์ฐํฉ |
14 February 2024 | Ryu Jong-yeol | 14 August 2024 | |
Korean People's Peace Party ํ๋ฏผ์กฑํํ๋น |
16 February 2024 | Do Cheon-soo | 16 August 2024 | |
Direct Democratic Local Self-Governing Party ์ง์ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ง์ญ์์น๋น |
27 February 2024 | Im Hyeong-tae | 27 August 2024 | A unified national party of multiple regional parties, as the Constitution of the Republic of Korea does not allow for local or regionalist political parties. |
Defunct partiesโป
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Political_parties_of_south_korea_en.svg/350px-Political_parties_of_south_korea_en.svg.png)
Conservative partiesโป
Main article: Conservatism in South Korea
Mainstream partiesโป
- National Alliance for the Rapid Realization of Korean Independence (1946โ1951)
- Liberal Party (1951โ1960)
- Democratic Republican Party (1963โ1980)
- Democratic Justice Party (1981โ1990)
- Democratic Liberal Party โ New Korea Party (1990โ1997)
- Hannara Party โ Saenuri Party โ Liberty Korea Party (1997โ2020)
- People's Future Party (๊ตญ๋ฏผ์๋ฏธ๋), A satellite party of the ruling People Power. (2024)
Minor partiesโป
- Korean Resistance Party (1945โ1950)
- Federation Korean National Independence (1947โ1951)
- Korea National Party (1947โ1958)
- Korean National Party โ New Democratic Republican Party (1981โ1990)
- United People's Party โ Democratic Party (1992โ1995)
- United Liberal Democrats (1995โ2006)
- People First Party (2005โ2008)
- Liberty Forward Party โ Advancement Unification Party (2008โ2012)
- Pro-Park Coalition โ Future Hope Alliance (2008โ2012)
- Hannara Party (2012)
- Evergreen Korea Party (2017โ2018)
- Grand National United Party (2017โ2018)
- Bareun Party (2017โ2018)
- Bareunmirae Party (2018โ2020)
- New Conservative Party (2020)
- Republican Party (๊ณตํ๋น) (2014โ2020), merged with Christian Liberal Unification Party (๊ธฐ๋ ์์ ํต์ผ๋น) to form National Revolutionary Party (๊ตญ๋ฏผํ๋ช ๋น).
- Uri Party (2021)
- Free Korea 21 (2016โ2021), formerly Korea Economic Party, merged with Liberty Democratic Party.
- Ahn Cheol-soo's People's Party (2020โ2022), merged with the People Power.
- Pro-Park Coalition (์น๋ฐ์ฐ๋) (2012โ2022)
- Future Korean Peninsula Union (ํ๋ฐ๋๋ฏธ๋์ฐํฉ) (2016โ2022)
- Liberty Party (์์ ๋น) (2020-2024)
- Revolution Party (ํ๋ช 21๋น) (2021-2024)
- Dawn of Liberty (์์ ์์๋ฒฝ๋น) (2019-2024)
Liberal partiesโป
Main article: Liberalism in South Korea
Mainstream partiesโป
- Korea Democratic Party โ Democratic National Party (1945โ1955)
- Democratic Party (1955โ1961)
- Civil Rule Party (1963โ1965)
- People's Party โ New Democratic Party (1965โ1980)
- Democratic Korea Party (1981โ1988)
- New Korea and Democratic Party (1984โ1988)
- Reunification Democratic Party (1987โ1990)
- Peace Democratic Party (1987โ1991)
- Democratic Party (1991โ1995)
- National Congress for New Politics (1995โ2000)
- Millennium Democratic Party โ Democratic Party (2000โ2008)
- Uri Party (2002โ2007)
- Grand Unified Democratic New Party (2007โ2008)
- United Democratic Party โ Democratic Party (2008โ2011)
- Democratic United Party โ Democratic Party (2011โ2014)
Minor partiesโป
- Democratic Party (1963โ1965)
- Democratic Unification Party (1973โ1980)
- Democratic Party (1990โ1991)
- Democratic Party (1995โ1997)
- The Participation Party (2010โ2011)
- New Political Vision Party (2014)
- Democratic Party (2014โ2016)
- People's Party (2016โ2018)
- Bareunmirae Party (2018โ2020)
- Party for Democracy and Peace (2018โ2020)
- New Alternatives (2019โ2020)
- Future Democratic Party (2020)
- Open Democratic Party (2020โ2022)
- Kim Dong-yeon's New Wave - Squid Party (์๋ก์ด๋ฌผ๊ฒฐ - ์ค์ง์ด๋น) (2021-2022)
- Transition Korea (2020-2023), merged into conservative People Power.
- Hope of Korea (2023-2024), merged into Lee Jun-seok's New Reform Party.
- Awakened Civic Solidarity Party (๊นจ์ด์๋์๋ฏผ์ฐ๋๋น)
Progressive partiesโป
Main article: Progressivism in South Korea
- Preparatory Committee for National Construction โ People's Party of Korea โ People's Labor Party (1945โ1950)
- Socialist Party (1951โ1953)
- Progressive Party (1956โ1958, banned)
- United Socialist Party of Korea (1961โ1967)
- Revolutionary Party for Reunification โ National Democratic Front of South Korea โ Anti-Imperialist National Democratic Front (1969โ2005, banned)
- Hankyoreh Democratic Party (1988โ1991)
- People's Party (1988)
- Popular Party (1990โ1992)
- People's Victory 21 โ Democratic Labor Party (1997โ2011)
- Youth Progressive Party โ Socialist Party โ Korea Socialist Party โ Socialist Party (1998โ2012)
- New Progressive Party (2008โ2012)
- Unified Progressive Party (2011โ2014, banned)
- People's United Party (2016โ2017)
- New People's Party (2017)
- Socialist Revolutionary Workers' Party, merged with Labor Party. (2016โ2022)
- Let's Go! Peace and Human Rights Party (๊ฐ์!ํํ์ธ๊ถ๋น) (2020-2024)
Green partiesโป
- Korea Greens (2004โ2008)
- Let's Go! Environmental Party (๊ฐ์ํ๊ฒฝ๋น) (2020-2024)
Unknown or syncretic partiesโป
- New Han People's Peninsula Peace Party (์ ํ๋ฐ๋์ฒด์ ํํ๋น), pan-Korean nationalism and Cheondoism, claims to support the unification of not only the Korean Peninsula, but of lands where Koreans are located in China, Russia, and Japan as well. Merged with Chungcheong's Future Party to create Towards Tomorrow, Towards the Future. (2021-2023)
- Functional Self-Employment Party (์ง๋ฅ์์์ ๋น), (single-issue) merged into Towards Tomorrow, Towards the Future. (2020-2024)
- Small and Medium-sized Businesses and Self-employed Peoples' Party (์ค์์์์ ๋น) (2020-2024)
See alsoโป
- List of ruling political parties by country
- Politics of South Korea
- Conservatism in South Korea
- Liberalism in South Korea
- Progressivism in South Korea
Notesโป
- ^ Has elected local city councilors around the country.
- ^ Disbanded 24 March 2024 after not registering candidates for the 2024 Parliament election
- ^ an unregistered left-wing to far-left political party. It is unable to register due to a ban on openly socialist or communist parties under the National Security Act.
- ^ Dissolved by the National Elections Commission in 2024 for not participating in an election for 4 years
- ^ Dissolved by the National Elections Commission in 2024 for not participating in an election for 4 years
- ^ Dissolved by the National Elections Commission in 2024 for not participating in an election for 4 years
Referencesโป
- ^ Wong, Joseph (2015). "South Korea's Weakly Institutionalized Party System". Party System Institutionalization in Asia: Democracies, Autocracies, and the Shadows of the Past. Cambridge University Press. pp. 260โ279.
- ^ Wong, Joseph (2012). "Transitioning from a dominant party system to multi-party system: The case of South Korea". Friend or Foe? Dominant Party Systems in Southern Africa: Insights from the Developing World. United Nations University Press. pp. 68โ84.
- ^ The Democratic Party of Korea is described as a centrist party by numerous sources:
- "Democratic Party of Korea". Britannica.com. 3 January 2024.
Democratic Party of Korea (DP), Korean Daeburo Minjudang, centrist-liberal political party in South Korea.
- "Political Populism: Eroding Asia's Complex Interdependence? โ Analysis". Eurasia Review. 1 November 2019.
The South Korean President Moon Jae-in's centrist-liberal Democratic Party has also reflected and tactically deployed the considerable popular nationalist sentiment in South Korean society as he vowed in early August that in the escalating bilateral trade dispute the country would "never again lose to Japan".
- "South Korea: Economic and Political Outline". Santander. July 2019. Retrieved 21 July 2019.
The Minjoo Party: centre, socially liberal main opposition party, result of a 2014 merger between the Democratic Party and the New Political Vision Party, first party in the Parliament since August 2017
- "The Justice Party and the South Korean Left: A movement with potential, but divided and struggling". Europe Elects. 14 November 2019.
With most of national politics dominated by the centrist Democratic Party and the right-wing Liberty Korea Party (์์ ํ๊ตญ๋น), successor to the former governing Saenuri Party, there is little space for the Justice Party to find an opening for electoral success.
- "Topic Brief - Academy Model United Nations" (PDF). ACADEMY MODEL UNITED NATIONS XXI.
- Ahn, JH (19 September 2016). "South Korea split over whether to aid "arch-nemesis" in flood relief". NK News.
Her party, Saenuri, has also remained silent on the issue, in sharp contrast to centrist Minjoo Party โป, which on Monday urged Seoul to look beyond politics and help its neighbor.
- Nomi Prins, ed. (2022). Permanent Distortion: How the Financial Markets Abandoned the Real Economy Forever. Hachette UK. ISBN 9781541789074.
- "Democratic Party of Korea". Britannica.com. 3 January 2024.
- ^
- "Moon Jae-in: South Korean liberal claims presidency". BBC. 9 May 2017. Retrieved 2 October 2019.
Mr Moon, of the centre-left Democratic Party, unsuccessfully ran against Ms Park in 2012 elections.
- "Seoul's mayor found dead in presumed suicide after #MeToo allegation". France 24. 7 September 2020. Retrieved 26 January 2023.
A heavyweight figure in the ruling centre-left Democratic party, Park ran South Korea's sprawling capital -- home to almost a fifth of the national population -- for nearly a decade.
- "S.Korea elects conservative outsider as president in tectonic shift". Reuters. 9 March 2022. Retrieved 26 January 2023.
Official results showed Yoon, 61, edged out the ruling centre-left Democratic Party's Lee Jae-myung to replace Moon, whose single five-year term ends in May.
- ""This is not the end": S. Korean activist ends 46-day hunger strike for anti-discrimination act". The Hankyoreh. 27 May 2022. Retrieved 3 February 2023.
During the press conference, activists directed their most scathing indictments at the center-left Democratic Party, which despite holding the outright majority in the National Assembly (167 seats) has failed to actively push for the law's enactment.
- "Moon Jae-in: South Korean liberal claims presidency". BBC. 9 May 2017. Retrieved 2 October 2019.
- ^ ์ ๋ฒ์ฃผ; ๊น๋ช ํ; ๊น๊ท์; ๊น์ ๋ฒ; ํฉ์๋ฏผ (16 January 2017). "๋ฒ์ ํ๊ฒฐ๋ก ๋ณธ ๊ตญํ์์ 300๋ช ์ด๋ ์ฑํฅ". ๋ ์ด๋P. Retrieved 20 April 2023.
- ^ ์กฐ์ฑ๋ณต (July 20, 2018). ๋ ์ผ ์ ์น, ์ฐ๋ฆฌ์ ๋์ (in Korean). e์ง์์ ๋ ๊ฐ. ISBN 9788920032370 – via Google Books.
- ^ ์ ํ๋ด (28 September 2020). ""๊ตญ๋ฏผ ์๋ช ์ด ๋จผ์ " ์ ์๋น, ๋ถ์๋ ํ ๋ง ํ๊ฒ ๋ค๋ '์ ๋ ธ์ '". The Hankyoreh. Retrieved 8 January 2021.
- ^ ์ต์ฐ์ง (28 September 2020). "์ ์๋น๋ ์๊ตฌํ ๅฐๅ ๊ทํ๊ฒฐ์์, ๋ฏผ์ฃผ๋น "ๅ ์ด๋ฏธ ์ฌ๊ณผํ๋ค" ๋ฒํฐ๊ธฐ". The Chosun Ilbo. Retrieved 8 January 2021.
- ^ ""KIM OVERSEES MISSILE TEST"". KBS. 29 January 2024. Retrieved 2 February 2024.
- ^ "์กฐ๊ตญํ์ ๋น". rebuildingkoreaparty.kr/. Retrieved 2024-03-09.
- ^ Yong Jae Kim (10 July 2023). "Conservative zealots: evangelical politics in South Korea". 9DashLine. Retrieved 31 March 2024.
- ^ "Female prosecutor opens up about sexual harassment". koreaherald. 30 January 2018. Retrieved 19 March 2020. "Members of the far-left minor opposition Minjung Party protest, demanding the Prosecutionโs apology and an investigation into a female prosecutorโs sexual harassment allegations, in front of the Supreme Prosecutorsโ Office in Seoul on Tuesday."
- ^ ์์ฑํ (26 January 2020). "[4ยท15 ์ด์ ์์ธโ ] '๊ทน์ข'์์ '๊ทน์ฐ'๊น์ง ... '๋ฐฐ๋น๊ธ้ปจ'์ '๊ฒฐํผ๋น'๋ ์ถํ" [โป From 'far left' to 'far right' ... 'Dividend Party' and 'Marriage Party' have also emerged.]. ๋ด์ค์์ค.
- ^ "โป ๊น์ฌ์ฐ ํ๋ณด, ์ ์ ์ดํ ์๋๊ณ "๋จ๋ถ๊ต๋ฅํ๋ ฅ ๊ฐ๋ก๋ง๋ ๋๋ถ์ ์ฌ ํด์ ํ๋ผ"". Progressive Party.
- ^ "์ค์๋น ๋ฑ๋ก๊ณต๊ณ (๋ํ๊ตญ๋ฏผ๋น)".
- ^ "๊ตญ๋ฏผ๋ํตํฉ๋น". pgup.or.kr.
- ^ "๊ณต๊ณ | ์์ํ์์ | ์๋ฆผ๋ง๋น | ์ค์์ ๊ฑฐ๊ด๋ฆฌ์์ํ".
- ^ "์ค์๋น ๋ฑ๋ก๊ณต๊ณ (ํต์ผํ๊ตญ๋น)".
- ^ "๊ณต๊ณ | ์์ํ์์ | ์๋ฆผ๋ง๋น | ์ค์์ ๊ฑฐ๊ด๋ฆฌ์์ํ".
- ^ "'์๋ก์ด๋ฌผ๊ฒฐ' ์ฐฝ๋น ์ ์ธํ ๊น๋์ฐ "๋ณ์นญ์ '์ค์ง์ด๋น'โฆ์ ์น ๋ฐ๊พธ๊ฒ ๋ค"". ์กฐ์ ๋น์ฆ. October 24, 2021.
- ^ "๊ตญ๋ฏผ์ํ, ์๋์ ํ ํก์ ํฉ๋นโฆ์กฐ์ ํ ํฉ๋ฅ๋ก 112์".
- ^ Yonhap News Agency, December 19, 2014, โป, โ...South Korea's Constitutional Court on Friday ordered the dissolution of a pro-North Korean minor opposition party...โ
- ^ "'๋ ธ๋๋นยท์ฌํ๋ณํ๋ ธ๋์๋น' ํตํฉ์ ๋น 2์5์ผ ์ถ๋ฒ < ์ ๋น < ์ ์นใ๊ฒฝ์ < ๊ธฐ์ฌ๋ณธ๋ฌธ - ๋งค์ผ๋ ธ๋๋ด์ค". 18 January 2022.
Bibliographyโป
- The present state of registered political parties, National Election Commission of S. Korea.
- The present state of political parties registration, National Election Commission of S. Korea, May 29, 2008.