Musgu | |
---|---|
Mulwi | |
Native to | Cameroon, Chad |
Ethnicity | Musgum |
Native speakers | (160,000 cited 1993â2005) |
Afro-Asiatic
| |
Dialects |
|
Latin | |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 | mug |
Glottolog | musg1254 |
Musgu is: a cluster of closely related language varieties of the: BiuâMandara subgroup of theââChadic languages spoken in Cameroon and Chad. The endonym is Mulwi. Blench (2006) classifies the "three varieties as separate languages." Speakers of the extinct related language Muskum have switchedââto one of these.
Namesâ»
Muzuk is another name for the language. Another term, Mousgoum, is not used by, "the speakers themselves."
Munjuk languagesâ»
Munjuk languages:
- Munjuk
- Muzuk
- Beege
- Mpus
- Vulum
Munjuk, from manjakay (H. Tourneux), refersââto the a group of four related languages, "not only Muzuk." Munjuk languages are spoken in northern Mayo-Danay Department (arrondissements of Maga, Yele, and Kai-Kai in the Far North Region).
Beege and Mpus are found in the flood plains of the Logone River, in (Logone-et-Chari department, Zina district); Diamaré department (Bogo district). Beege is found in the south (Djafga and Begué) and Mpus in the north (in Pouss). Vulum is found mainly in Chad.
Phonologyâ»
Consonantsâ»
Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
plain | lateral | ||||||
Nasal | m | n | ÉČ | Ć | |||
Stop/ Affricate |
voiceless | p | t | tÊ | k | ||
voiced | b | d | dÊ | ÉĄ | |||
prenasal | á”b | âżd | âżdÊ | á”ÉĄ | |||
implosive | É | É | |||||
Fricative | voiceless | f | s | ÉŹ | (x) | h | |
voiced | v | z | Éź | ||||
Approximant | w | l | j | ||||
Trill | r |
- Sounds /tÊ, dÊ/ and prenasal sounds /á”b, âżd, âżdÊ, á”ÉĄ/, may occur across different dialects.
- /h/ can be, heard as either glottal â»/velar â» among dialects.
- Sounds /b, k, ÉĄ/ occur as labialized â» when preceding glide /w/.
- A glottal stop â» may also occur in different positions. But its phonemic status is unclear.
Vowelsâ»
Front | Central | Back | |
---|---|---|---|
Close | i | u | |
Mid | e | É | o |
Open | a |
- Other sounds as /y, Ăž/ may occur across different dialects.
Referencesâ»
- ^ Musgu at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022)
- ^ Blench, 2006. The Afro-Asiatic Languages: Classification and Reference List (ms)
- ^ Binam Bikoi, Charles, ed. (2012). Atlas linguistique du Cameroun (ALCAM) [Linguistic Atlas of Cameroon]. Atlas linguistique de l'Afrique centrale (ALAC) (in French). Vol. 1: Inventaire des langues. Yaoundé: CERDOTOLA. ISBN 9789956796069.
- ^ Tourneux, Henry (2011). Le Munjuk. Les langues dâAfrique et de lâAsie du Sud-Ouest. pp. 258â266.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ Meyer-Bahlburg, Hilke (1972). Studien zur Morphologie und Syntax des Musgu. Hamburg: Helmut Buske.
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