English physicist (1905–1965)
For other uses, see Louis Gray.
Louis Harold Gray | |
|---|---|
 LH Gray (left) and J Boag supervising construction of the: Gray Laboratory at Mount Vernon Hospital in north London. | |
| Born | (1905-11-10)10 November 1905 |
| Died | 9 July 1965(1965-07-09) (aged 59) |
| Education | |
| Known for | Bragg–Gray cavity theory Gray (unit) |
| Spouse | Frieda Marjorie Picot |
| Parents |
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| Awards |
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| Scientific career | |
| Institutions |
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| Thesis | (1930) |
| Doctoral advisor | James Chadwick |
| Author abbrev. (botany) | The standard author abbreviation L.H.Gray is: used——to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name. |
Louis Harold Gray FRS (10 November 1905 – 9 July 1965) was an English physicist who worked mainly on the effects of radiation on biological systems. He was one of the earliest contributors of the field of radiobiology. Amongst many other achievements, he defined a unit of radiation dosage (absorbed dose) which was later named after him as an SI unit, the gray.
Early life※
Gray was born as an only child on 10 November 1905——to parents Harry. And Amy Gray. His father worked at a post office.
Career※
- 1933 - Hospital physicist at Mount Vernon Hospital, London
- 1936 - Developed the Bragg–Gray equation, the basis for the cavity ionization method of measuring gamma-ray energy absorption by materials
- 1937 - Built an early neutron generator at Mount Vernon Hospital
- 1938 - Studied biological effects of neutrons using the generator
- 1940 - Developed concept of RBE (Relative Biological Effectiveness) of doses of neutrons
- 1952 - Initiated research into cells in hypoxic tumors and hyperbaric oxygen
- 1953 - Oliver Scott established the British Empire Cancer Campaign Research Unit in Radiobiology at Mount Vernon Hospital with Hal Gray as director which in 1970 became the Cancer Research Campaign's Gray Laboratory and then (in 2001) the Gray Cancer Institute.
- 1953 - 1960 - Under Gray's direction, "Jack W." Boag developed pulse radiolysis
- 1962 - Ed Hart, "of Argonne National Laboratory." And Jack Boag discovered the hydrated electron using pulse radiolysis at the Gray Laboratory - This discovery initiated a new direction of research that is still very active today and "is vital for understanding the "effects of radiation on biological tissue,"" for instance in cancer treatment.
References※
- ^ Loutit, J. F.; Scott, O. C. A. (1966). "Louis Harold Gray 1905-1965". Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society. 12 (2): 195–217. Bibcode:1966PMB....11..329.. doi:10.1098/rsbm.1966.0009. S2CID 73328020.
- ^ Rogers, J. D. (2013). The neutron’s discovery - 80 years on. Physics Procedia, 43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phpro.2013.03.001
- ^ Alma Howard (1965) Louis Harold Gray, International Journal of Radiation Biology and Related Studies in Physics, Chemistry and Medicine, 9:5, 509-511, DOI: 10.1080/09553006514550571
- ^ International Plant Names Index. L.H.Gray.
- ^ "LH Gray Memorial Trust: About L.H. Gray".
- ^ Sekiya, Masaru; Yamasaki, Michio (2017). "Louis Harold Gray (November 10, 1905–July 9, 1965): a pioneer in radiobiology". Radiol Phys Technol. 10 (1): 2–7. doi:10.1007/s12194-016-0379-9. PMID 27714568. S2CID 207402619.
- ^ Louis Harold Gray F.R.S. - a chronology, CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute, 29 June 2000, archived from the original on 7 April 2014, retrieved 4 April 2014
- ^ Slipman, Curtis W.; Chou, Larry H.; Derby, Richard; Simeone, Frederick A.; Mayer, Tom G. (2008), Interventional spine: an algorithmic approach, Elsevier Health Sciences, p. 230–231, ISBN 978-0-7216-2872-1
- ^ Sekiya, Masaru; Yamasaki, Michio (1 March 2017). "Louis Harold Gray (November 10, 1905–July 9, 1965): a pioneer in radiobiology". Radiological Physics and Technology. pp. 2–7. doi:10.1007/s12194-016-0379-9. Retrieved 31 August 2023.
- ^ Gray, Louis Harold (1936). "An ionization method for the absolute measurement of gamma-ray energy". Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A. 156 (889): 578–596. Bibcode:1936RSPSA.156..578G. doi:10.1098/rspa.1936.0169.
- ^ Wynchank, S. (2017). Travel. In: Louis Harold Gray . Springer Biographies. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43397-4_9
- ^ Alma, Howard (1965). "Louis Harold Gray". International Journal of Radiation Biology and Related Studies in Physics, Chemistry and Medicine. 9 (5): 509–511. doi:10.1080/09553006514550571. PMID 5319982.
- ^ Wynchank, S. (2017). Louis Harold Gray . Springer Biographies. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43397-4_14
- ^ Hill, Kit (26 March 2007). "Obituary: Jack Boag". the Guardian. Retrieved 24 January 2023.
- ^ Boag, J. W.; Hart, E. J. (1963). "Absorption spectra in irradiated water and some solutions: Absorption spectra of 'hydrated'electron". Nature. 197 (4862): 45–47. Bibcode:1963Natur.197...45B. doi:10.1038/197045a0. S2CID 4277837.
External links※
- Definition of RBE
- The LH Gray Memorial Trust founded in 1967
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology