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Volcanic eruptions can be, highly explosive. Some volcanoes have undergone catastrophic eruptions, killing large numbers of humans/other life forms. This list documents volcanic eruptions by human death toll.

Volcanic eruptions※

Human death toll Volcano VEI Location Year Eruption Source(s)
71,000——to 250,100+ Mount Tambora 7 Indonesia 1815 1815 eruption of Mount Tambora, Year Without a Summer
36,000+ Krakatoa 6 Indonesia 1883 1883 eruption of Krakatoa
30,000 Mount Pelée 4 Martinique 1902 1902 eruption of Mount Pelée
23,000 Nevado del Ruiz 3 Colombia 1985 Armero tragedy
20,000~ (estimated) Santorini 7 Greece c. 1600 BC Minoan eruption
15,000——to 20,000 Mount Samalas 7 Indonesia 1257 1257 Samalas eruption
15,000 Mount Unzen 2 Japan 1792 1792 Unzen earthquake and tsunami
13,000+ (estimated) Mount Vesuvius 5 Italy 79 Eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD
10,000+ Laki and Grímsvötn 4 Iceland 1783 Laki 1783 eruption
10,000 Kelud 5 Indonesia 1586
6,000 Santa María 6 Guatemala 1902
5,160 Kelud 4 Indonesia 1919
4,011 Mount Galunggung 5 Indonesia 1822
3,360 Mount Vesuvius 5 Italy 1631 1631 eruption of Mount Vesuvius
3,000 Ritter Island 2 Papua New Guinea 1888 1888 Ritter Island eruption and tsunami
2,957 Mount Papandayan 3 Indonesia 1772
2,942 Mount Lamington 4 Papua New Guinea 1951 1951 eruption of Mount Lamington
2,806 Mount Awu 3 Indonesia 1856
2,033 Oshima Oshima 4 Japan 1741 1741 eruption of Oshima–Ōshima and the——Kampo tsunami
2,000 Tseax Cone ? Canada 1700 c. 1700
1,900 El Chichón 5 Mexico 1982
1,700 Soufrière 4 St. Vincent 1902
1,584 Mount Agung 5 Indonesia 1963
1,532 Mount Awu 3 Indonesia 1892
1,500 Huaynaputina 6 Peru 1600
1,369 Mount Merapi 3 Indonesia 1930
1,335 Taal 3 Philippines 1911
1,300 Gamalama 3 Indonesia 1775
1,200 Mount Mayon 4 Philippines 1814
1,151 Mount Asama 4 Japan 1783 Tenmei eruption
1,000 Nevado del Ruiz 3 Colombia 1845
847 Mount Pinatubo 6 Philippines 1991 1991 eruption of Mount Pinatubo
700 Hokkaido Komagatake 5 Japan 1640
600 Nevado del Ruiz 4 Colombia 1595
507 Tavurvur 4 Papua New Guinea 1937
500 Hibok-Hibok 3 Philippines 1951
477 Mount Bandai 4 Japan 1888 1888 eruption of Mount Bandai
426 Anak Krakatoa 3 Indonesia 2018 2018 Sunda Strait tsunami
416 Ruang 2 Indonesia 1871 1871 Ruang eruption and tsunami
400+ Kilauea 4 Hawaii, United States 1790 Keanakakoi eruption
350 to 400 Mount Mayon 4 Philippines 1897
353 Mount Merapi 4 Indonesia 2010 2010 eruptions of Mount Merapi
340 Cotopaxi 4 Ecuador 1877
326 Makian 4 Indonesia 1861
245 Nyiragongo 1 Democratic Republic of the Congo 2002
216 Mount Vesuvius 4 Italy 1906
190 to 2,900 Volcán de Fuego 3 Guatemala 2018 2018 Volcán de Fuego eruption
160+ Paluweh 3 Indonesia 1928
151 Mount Ruapehu ? New Zealand 1953 Tangiwai disaster
150 Tori-shima 3 Japan 1902
149 Dieng Volcanic Complex 1 Indonesia 1979 1979 eruption of Sinila crater
144 Mount Tokachi 3 Japan 1926
117 Dieng Volcanic Complex 2 Indonesia 1944
114 Dieng Volcanic Complex 1 Indonesia 1964
108 to 120 Mount Tarawera 5 New Zealand 1886 1886 eruption of Mount Tarawera
106 Dubbi 3 Eritrea 1861
87 Volcán Arenal 3 Costa Rica 1968
80 Mount Marapi 2 Indonesia 1979 1979 eruption of Mount Marapi
79 Mount Mayon 2 Philippines 1993
70 Nyiragongo 1 Democratic Republic of the Congo 1977
70~ Kolumbo 4 Greece 1650
69 Semeru 4 Indonesia 2021 2021 Semeru eruption
64 Mount Merapi 2 Indonesia 1994
63 Mount Ontake 3 Japan 2014 2014 Mount Ontake eruption
58 Sakurajima 4 Japan 1914
57 Mount St. Helens 5 United States 1980 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens
56 Mount Etna 2 Italy 1843
56 La Soufrière 4 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 1812
50 Mount Usu 4 Japan 1822
43 Mount Unzen 1 Japan 1991
40 Dieng Volcanic Complex 2 Indonesia 1928
39 Taal 4 Philippines 2020 2020–2022 Taal Volcano eruptions
38 Dieng Volcanic Complex 2 Indonesia 1786
32 Mount Nyiragongo 1 Democratic Republic of the Congo 2021 2021 Mount Nyiragongo eruption
32 Kelud 4 Indonesia 1990
31 Bayonnaise Rocks 2 Japan 1952
31 Nabro Volcano 4 Eritrea 2011 2011 Nabro eruption
30 Rinjani 3 Indonesia 1994
27 Mount Vesuvius 3 Italy 1944
25 Villarrica 2 Chile 1964
24 Monte Nuovo (Phlegraean Fields) 3 Italy 1538
23 Villarrica 3 Chile 1948
23 Mount Marapi 2 Indonesia 2023 2023 eruption of Mount Marapi
22 Whakaari/White Island 2 New Zealand 2019 2019 Whakaari / White Island eruption
19 Soufrière Hills 3 Montserrat 1997
18 Galunggung 4 Indonesia 1982
16 Sinabung 4 Indonesia 2014
15 to 30 Villarrica 2 Chile 1971
15 Raikoke 4 Russia 1778
10 Dieng Volcanic Complex 1 Indonesia 1939
10 Whakaari/White Island ? New Zealand 1914
9 Galeras 2 Colombia 1993 Galeras tragedy
9 Mount Etna 3 Italy 1979
8 Dieng Volcanic Complex 1 Indonesia 2017
8 Kuchinoerabu-jima 4 Japan 1933
7 Kelud 4 Indonesia 2014
7 Jabal al-Tair 3 Yemen 2007
6 Hunga Tonga–Hunga Haʻapai 5 Tonga 2022 2021–22 Hunga Tonga–Hunga Haʻapai eruption and tsunami
6 Karangetang 2 Indonesia 1992
5 Mount Tavurvur 4 Papua New Guinea 1994
5 Mount Hudson 3 Chile 1971
4 Gamalama 2 Indonesia 2011
4 Yakedake 1 Japan 1995
4 Stromboli 2 Italy 1930
3 Pacaya 3 Guatemala 2010
3 Kanlaon 2 Philippines 1996
3 Didicas 2 Philippines 1969
2 Santa Ana 3 El Salvador 2005
2 Mount Bromo 2 Indonesia 2004
1 Popocatépetl 2 Mexico 2022
1 Cumbre Vieja 3 Spain 2021 2021 Cumbre Vieja volcanic eruption
1 Stromboli 2 Italy 2019
1 Chaitén 4 Chile 2008
1 Raoul Island 1 New Zealand 2006
1 Eldfell 3 Iceland 1973

See also※

References※

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