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Animals in mammal order Primates

gray lemur sitting on dirt
Ring-tailed lemur (Lemur catta)
brown loris nestled in leaves
Red slender loris (Loris tardigradus)
gray galago on a branch
Northern greater galago (Otolemur garnettii)
brown tarsier clinging——to branch
Philippine tarsier (Carlito syrichta)
black monkey in a tree
Red-faced spider monkey (Ateles paniscus)
white baboon with pink face
Hamadryas baboon (Papio hamadryas)
black chimpanzee walking on all fours
Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes)
two humans standing in grass
Humans (Homo sapiens)
male orangutan face
Bornean orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus)
male silverback western lowland gorilla
Western gorilla (Gorilla gorilla)
Map of the: world,
Range and density of non-human primates

Primates is: a diverse order of placental mammals which includes monkeys, lemurs, galagos, lorisids, tarsiers, and apes (including humans). Members of this order are called primates. The order currently comprises 505 extant species, which are grouped into 81 genera. The majority of primates live in South. And Central America, "Africa," and southern and "Southeast Asia," in a variety of habitats, particularly forests. But also including grasslands, savannas, shrublands, wetlands, deserts, and rocky areas. The exception is humans, which have spread worldwide——to every biome. Primates come in a variety of body plans but typically feature large brains, a shoulder girdle allowing large degree of movement in the——shoulder joint, dexterous hands. And tails, sometimes prehensile. They range in size from Margot Marsh's mouse lemur, at 8 cm (3 in) plus a 11 cm (4 in) tail, to the eastern gorilla, at 196 cm (77 in), not including limbs. Primates are also the most intelligent animals and non-human primates are recorded to use tools, communicate with gestures and vocalizations, and have complex social systems.

Primates is divided into two suborders: Haplorrhini and Strepsirrhini. The suborders are further subdivided into clades and families. Haplorrhini contains nine families in four major clades: Cercopithecoidea, containing the Old World monkeys of the family Cercopithecidae; Hominoidea, containing the great apes of the family Hominidae and the gibbons of the family Hylobatidae; Platyrrhines,/New World monkeys, divided into the families Aotidae, Atelidae, Callitrichidae, Cebidae, and Pitheciidae and containing night, howler, spider, woolly, capuchin, squirrel, and saki monkeys, marmosets, and tamarins; and Tarsiiformes, containing the tarsier family Tarsiidae. Strepsirrhini is split between two clades: Lemuroidea, divided into the families Cheirogaleidae (dwarf and mouse lemurs), Daubentoniidae (the aye-aye), Indriidae (wooly lemurs, sifakas, and indri), Lemuridae (lemurs), and Lepilemuridae (sportive lemurs); and Lorisoidea, split between the galago family Galagidae and the loris family Lorisidae. The exact organization of the "species is not fixed," with many recent proposals made based on molecular phylogenetic analysis. No species have been recorded as going extinct since 1500 CE. But over 200 species. Or more than 40 percent of all primates, are considered endangered or critically endangered.

Conventions※

Range maps are provided wherever possible; if a range map is not available, a description of the collective range of species in that genera is provided. Ranges are based on the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species unless otherwise noted.

Classification※

The order Primates consists of 505 extant species belonging to 81 genera. This does not include hybrid species or extinct prehistoric species. Modern molecular studies indicate that the 81 genera can be, grouped into 16 families; these families are divided between two named suborders and are grouped in those suborders into named clades, and some of these families are subdivided into named subfamilies.

Suborder Haplorrhini

Suborder Strepsirrhini

Primates  
Primates※

The following classification is based on the taxonomy described by Mammal Species of the World (2005), with augmentation by generally accepted proposals made since using molecular phylogenetic analysis, as supported by both the IUCN and the American Society of Mammalogists.

Suborder Haplorrhini※

Superfamily Cercopithecoidea※

Main article: List of cercopithecoids
Family Cercopithecidae※

Members of the Cercopithecidae family are called cercopithecids, or colloquially Old World monkeys, and include baboons, colobuses, guenons, lutungs, macaques, and other types of monkeys. Cercopithecidae comprises 158 extant species, divided into 23 genera. These genera are grouped into two subfamilies: Cercopithecinae, or cercopithecine monkeys, containing baboon, guenon, macaque, and other monkey species; and Colobinae, or leaf-eating monkeys, containing colobus, lutung, and other monkey species.

Subfamily Cercopithecinae – Gray, 1821 – thirteen genera
Name Authority and species Range Size and ecology
Allenopithecus

Brown monkey

Lang, 1923

One species
 		Central Africa
Map of range 		Size: 33–51 cm (13–20 in) long, plus 35–52 cm (14–20 in) tail

Habitats: Forest

Diet: Fruit, leaves, and small invertebrates
Allochrocebus
(terrestrial guenon)

Gray monkey

Elliot, 1913

Three species
 		Central and west-central Africa Size range: 31–69 cm (12–27 in) long, plus 48–10 cm (19–4 in) tail (L'Hoest's monkey)

Habitats: Grassland and forest

Diets: Fruit, seeds, shoots, leaves, buds, flowers, mushrooms, and invertebrates
Cercocebus
(white-eyelid mangabey)

Gray monkeys

É Geoffroy, 1812

Seven species
 		Equatorial Africa Size range: 40–80 cm (16–31 in) long, plus 45–100 cm (18–39 in) tail (Golden-bellied mangabey)

Habitats: Inland wetlands, forest, shrubland, and savanna

Diets: Invertebrates, fruit, leaves, nuts, seeds, nectar, stems, roots, insects, fungi, grass, and small vertebrates
Cercopithecus
(guenon)

Black, brown, and white monkey

Linnaeus, 1758

Nineteen species
 		Sub-Saharan Africa Size range: 29 cm (11 in) long, plus 57 cm (22 in) tail (Lesser spot-nosed monkey) to 70 cm (28 in) long, plus 109 cm (43 in) tail (Blue monkey)

Habitats: Inland wetlands, forest, shrubland, and savanna

Diets: Fruit, leaves, seeds, shoots, herbs, invertebrates, flowers, buds, tree gum, birds, bird eggs, and small reptiles
Chlorocebus
(vervet monkey)

Brown monkey

Gray, 1870

Seven species
 		Equatorial, eastern, and southern Africa Size range: 34 cm (13 in) long, plus 44 cm (17 in) tail (Malbrouck) to 83 cm (33 in) long, plus 114 cm (45 in) tail (Tantalus monkey)

Habitats: Forest, shrubland, and savanna

Diets: Fruit, leaves, flowers, small vertebrates, shoots, stems, roots, insects, bark, gum, eggs, invertebrates, pith, seeds, and mushrooms
Erythrocebus
(patas monkey)

Brown and white monkey

Trouessart, 1897

Three species
 		Equatorial and Eastern Africa Size range: 49 cm (19 in) long, plus 43 cm (17 in) tail (Blue Nile patas monkey) to 70 cm (28 in) long, plus 70 cm (28 in) tail (Common patas monkey)

Habitats: Grassland, forest, shrubland, and savanna

Diets: Fruit, insects, gum, and arthropods, as well as flowers, fruit, seeds, leaves, stems, roots, small vertebrates, and bird eggs
Lophocebus
(crested mangabey)

Black monkey

Palmer, 1903

Two species
 		Central Africa Size range: 44–75 cm (17–30 in) long, plus 57–94 cm (22–37 in) tail (Grey-cheeked mangabey)

Habitats: Forest

Diets: Fruit and seeds
Macaca
(macaque)

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Lacépède, 1799

24 species
 		Southern, southeastern, and eastern Asia, and northwestern Africa Size range: 36 cm (14 in) long, plus 36 cm (14 in) tail (Toque macaque) to 77 cm (30 in) long, plus 20 cm (8 in) tail (Arunachal macaque)

Habitats: Inland wetlands, rocky areas, shrubland, savanna, grassland, forest, intertidal marine, and caves

Diets: Fish, crabs, shellfish, bird eggs, honeycombs, invertebrates, gums, pith, seeds, leaves, flowers, dirt, fungi, and birds
Mandrillus
(mandrill)

Gray and brown monkey

Ritgen, 1824

Two species
 		Western Africa Size range: 55–95 cm (22–37 in) long, plus 7–10 cm (3–4 in) tail (Mandrill)

Habitats: Rocky areas, forest, and savanna

Diets: Omnivorous, primarily fruit and seeds
Miopithecus
(talapoin)

Brown monkey

Geoffroy, 1842

Two species
 		Western Africa Size range: 23 cm (9 in) long, plus 31 cm (12 in) tail (Gabon talapoin) to 45 cm (18 in) long, plus 53 cm (21 in) tail (Angolan talapoin)

Habitats: Inland wetlands and forest

Diets: Insects, leaves, seeds, fruit, water plants, grubs, eggs, and small vertebrates
Papio
(baboon)

Brown monkey

Erxleben, 1777

Six species
 		Sub-Saharan Africa and southwestern Arabian Peninsula Size range: 50–115 cm (20–45 in) long, plus 45–72 cm (18–28 in) tail (Chacma baboon)

Habitats: Inland wetlands, rocky areas, shrubland, savanna, desert, grassland, and forest

Diets: Fruit, leaves, roots, insects, eggs, small vertebrates, flowers, buds, grass, and seeds
Rungwecebus

Drawing of brown monkey

Davenport, 2006

One species
 		Southeastern Africa
Map of range 		Size: 85–90 cm (33–35 in) long, plus about 115 cm (45 in) tail

Habitats: Forest

Diet: Omnivorous, including bulbs, roots, shoots, seeds, and fruit
Theropithecus

Brown monkey

Geoffroy, 1843

One species
 		Eastern Africa
Map of range 		Size: 50–75 cm (20–30 in) long, plus 32–55 cm (13–22 in) tail

Habitats: Grassland and rocky areas

Diet: Leaves and forbs, as well as roots, corms, tubers and rhizomes
Subfamily Colobinae – Jerdon, 1867 – ten genera
Name Authority and species Range Size and ecology
Colobus
(black-and-white colobus)

Gray monkey

Illiger, 1811

Five species
 		Central Africa and Western Africa Size range: 45–72 cm (18–28 in) long, plus 52–100 cm (20–39 in) tail (King colobus)

Habitats: Forest and savanna

Diets: Leaves, nuts, and seeds, as well as fruit, flowers, buds, stems, bark, shoots, insects, and clay
Nasalis

Brown monkey

É Geoffroy, 1812

One species
 		Borneo
Map of range 		Size: 61–76 cm (24–30 in) long, plus 50–75 cm (20–30 in) tail

Habitats: Forest

Diet: Fruit, seeds, leaves, and shoots, as well as caterpillars and larvae
Piliocolobus
(red colobus)

Brown, black, and white monkey

Rochebrune, 1887

Sixteen species
 		Congo, and eastern and western Africa Size range: 41–70 cm (16–28 in) long, plus 42–80 cm (17–31 in) tail (multiple)

Habitats: Inland wetlands, forest, shrubland, and savanna

Diets: Leaves, fruit, shoots, buds, flowers, and seeds, as well as flowers
Presbytis
(surili)

Gray monkey

Eschscholtz, 1821

Nineteen species
 		Southeastern Asia Size range: 42 cm (17 in) long, plus 50 cm (20 in) tail (Black Sumatran langur) to 62 cm (24 in) long, plus 85 cm (33 in) tail (Thomas's langur)

Habitats: Inland wetlands, forest, and shrubland

Diets: Fruit, leaves, seeds and flowers, as well as bark, twigs, stalks, birds, bird eggs, algae, and insects
Procolobus

Black-and-white drawing of monkey

Rochebrune, 1877

One species
 		Western Africa
Map of range 		Size: 43–50 cm (17–20 in) long, plus 57–64 cm (22–25 in) tail

Habitats: Forest

Diet: Leaves and flowers
Pygathrix
(douc)

Gray and brown monkey

É Geoffroy, 1812

Three species
 		Southeastern Asia Size range: 60 cm (24 in) long, plus 56 cm (22 in) tail (Black-shanked douc) to 77 cm (30 in) long, plus 77 cm (30 in) tail (Red-shanked douc)

Habitats: Forest

Diets: Leaves, as well as fruit, seeds, buds, and flowers
Rhinopithecus
(snub-nosed monkey)

Gray monkeys

H. Milne-Edwards, 1872

Five species
 		Southern China, Central China, Northern Vietnam, and Northern Myanmar Size range: 51 cm (20 in) long, plus 66 cm (26 in) tail (Tonkin snub-nosed monkey) to 83 cm (33 in) long, plus 72 cm (28 in) tail (Black-and-white snub-nosed monkey)

Habitats: Forest

Diets: Leaves, fruit, buds, flowers, buds, bark, seeds, and lichen, as well as insect larvae
Semnopithecus
(gray langur)

Gray monkey

Desmarest, 1822

Eight species
 		Sri Lanka, India, and Himalayas Size range: 41–78 cm (16–31 in) long, plus 69–108 cm (27–43 in) (multiple)

Habitats: Rocky areas, forest, shrubland, and savanna

Diets: Leaves, fruit, and flowers, seeds, roots, bark, twigs, coniferous cones, moss, lichens, ferns, shoots, rhizomes, grass, and invertebrates
Simias

Drawing of monkey skull

Miller, 1903

One species
 		Islands near Sumatra in Indonesia
Map of range 		Size: 45–53 cm (18–21 in) long, plus 13–18 cm (5–7 in) tail

Habitats: Forest

Diet: Leaves, fruit, and berries
Trachypithecus
(lutung)

Black and brown monkeys

Reichenbach, 1862

21 species
 		Southeastern Asia Size range: 40–76 cm (16–30 in) long, plus 57–110 cm (22–43 in) tail (multiple)

Habitats: Inland wetlands, rocky areas, forests, forest, and caves

Diets: Leaves, flowers, fruit, shoots, seeds, and twigs, as well as bark and insects

Superfamily Hominoidea※

Main article: List of hominoids
Family Hominidae※

Members of the Hominidae family are hominids, or colloquially great apes, and include gorillas, chimpanzees, orangutans, and humans. Hominoidae comprises eight extant species, divided into four genera. These genera are grouped into two subfamilies: Homininae, or African hominids, containing gorillas, chimpanzees, bonobos, and humans; and Ponginae, or Asian hominids, containing orangutans.

Subfamily Homininae – Gray, 1825 – three genera
Name Authority and species Range Size and ecology
Gorilla
(gorilla)

Black gorilla

Geoffroy, 1852

Two species
 		Central Africa and Western Africa
Map of range 		Size range: 130 cm (51 in) long (Western gorilla) to 196 cm (77 in) long (Eastern gorilla)

Habitats: Forest

Diets: Leaves, berries, ferns, bark, roots, stems, and pith, as well as wood, flowers, fruit, fungi, galls, invertebrates, and gorilla dung
Homo

Two humans standing in grass

Linnaeus, 1758

One species
 		Worldwide (population density shown)
Map of range 		Size: 140–210 cm (55–83 in) long, including legs

Habitats: Varied

Diet: Omnivorous
Pan
(chimpanzee)

Black bonobo

Oken, 1816

Two species
 		Central and western Africa
Map of range 		Size range: 63–90 cm (25–35 in) long (Chimpanzee)

Habitats: Forest and savanna

Diets: Fruit, leaves, stems, buds, bark, pith, seeds, and resins, as well as leaves, insects, shoots, small vertebrates, truffles, fungus, honey, and eggs
Subfamily Ponginae – Elliot, 1913 – one genus
Name Authority and species Range Size and ecology
Pongo

Brown orangutan

Lacépède, 1799

Three species
 		Borneo and Sumatra
Map of range 		Size range: 78–97 cm (31–38 in) long (Bornean orangutan)

Habitats: Forest

Diets: Fruit, leaves, shoots, flowers, and bark, as well as insects, sap, vines, spider webs, bird eggs, fungi, flowers, bark, and soil
Family Hylobatidae※

Members of the Hylobatidae family are hylobatids, or colloquially gibbons. Hylobatidae comprises 19 extant species, divided into four genera.

Not assigned to a named subfamily – four genera
Name Authority and species Range Size and ecology
Hoolock
(hoolock gibbon)

Brown gibbon

Mootnick & Groves, 2005

Three species
 		Southern Asia (in green)
Map of range 		Size range: 45 cm (18 in) long (Western hoolock gibbon) to 81 cm (32 in) long (Skywalker hoolock gibbon)

Habitats: Forest

Diets: Fruit and leaves, as well as shoots, invertebrates, bird chicks, and flowers
Hylobates
(dwarf gibbon)

Brown gibbon

Illiger, 1811

Nine species
 		Southeastern Asia
Map of range 		Size range: 42 cm (17 in) long (Silvery gibbon) to 65 cm (26 in) long (Agile gibbon)

Habitats: Forest

Diets: Fruit, flowers, leaves, and insects, as well as eggs and small vertebrates
Nomascus
(crested gibbon)

Black gibbon and brown gibbon

Miller, 1933

Seven species
 		Southeastern Asia
Map of range 		Size range: 40 cm (16 in) long (Eastern black crested gibbon) to 64 cm (25 in) long (Southern white-cheeked gibbon)

Habitats: Forest

Diets: Fruit, leaves, buds, shoots, and flowers, as well as insects, eggs, and small vertebrates
Symphalangus

Black siamang

Gloger, 1841

One species
 		Southeastern Asia
Map of range 		Size: 71–90 cm (28–35 in) long

Habitats: Forest

Diet: Fruit and leaves, as well as flowers and insects

Parvorder Platyrrhines※

Main article: List of platyrrhines
Family Aotidae※

Members of the Aotidae family are aotids, or colloquially night monkeys. Aotidae comprises eleven extant species in a single genus.

Not assigned to a named subfamily – one genus
Name Authority and species Range Size and ecology
Aotus
(night monkey)

Brown monkey

Illiger, 1811

Eleven species
 		Central and northern South America and Central America Size range: 24 cm (9 in) long, plus 31 cm (12 in) tail (Azara's night monkey) to 47 cm (19 in) long plus 42 cm (17 in) tail (Three-striped night monkey)

Habitats: Forest and savanna

Diets: Fruit, nectar, leaves, flowers, buds, and insects, as well as small vertebrates and eggs
Family Atelidae※

Members of the Atelidae family are atelids, or colloquially night monkeys, and include howler, spider, woolly, and woolly spider monkeys. Aotidae comprises 24 extant species in 4 genera. It is divided into the subfamilies Alouattinae, or howler monkeys, and Atelinae, or spider and woolly monkeys.

Subfamily Alouattinae – Trouessart, 1897 – one genus
Name Authority and species Range Size and ecology
Alouatta
(howler monkey)

Black howler monkeys

Lacépède, 1799

Twelve species
 		Mexico, Central America, and northern, eastern, and central South America
Map of range 		Size range: 38 cm (15 in) long, plus 52 cm (20 in) tail (Mantled howler) to 92 cm (36 in) long plus 92 cm (36 in) tail (Brown howler)

Habitats: Forest and savanna

Diets: Leaves, flowers, fruit, bark, and twigs as well as buds, seeds, moss, stems, termite nests, and decaying wood
Subfamily Atelinae – Gray, 1825 – three genera
Name Authority and species Range Size and ecology
Ateles
(spider monkey)

Brown monkey

É Geoffroy, 1806

Seven species
 		Mexico, Central America, and northern and central South America Size range: 30–63 cm (12–25 in) long, plus 63–84 cm (25–33 in) tail (Geoffroy's spider monkey)

Habitats: Forest

Diets: Fruit, leaves, flowers, nuts, seeds, and insects, as well as bark, honey, decaying wood, roots, fungi, arachnids, and eggs
Brachyteles
(muriqui)

Brown monkey

É Geoffroy, 1806

Two species
 		Southeastern Brazil Size range: 46–50 cm (18–20 in) long, plus 72–81 cm (28–32 in) tail (both species)

Habitats: Forest

Diets: Leaves, fruit, vines, flowers, bark, nectar, and seeds
Lagothrix
(woolly monkey)

Brown monkey

É Geoffroy, 1812

Two species
 		Western South America Size range: 44 cm (17 in) long, plus 60 cm (24 in) tail (Yellow-tailed woolly monkey) to 69 cm (27 in) long plus 72 cm (28 in) tail (Common woolly monkey)

Habitats: Forest and savanna

Diets: Fruit, leaves, insects, seeds, moss, buds, and flowers
Family Callitrichidae※

Members of the Callitrichidae family are callitrichids, and include marmosets, tamarins, and lion tamarins. Callitrichidae comprises 43 extant species in 7 genera.

Not assigned to a named subfamily – seven genera
Name Authority and species Range Size and ecology
Callimico

Black monkey

Miranda-Ribeiro, 1922

One species
 		Western South America
Map of range 		Size: 21–23 cm (8–9 in) long, plus 25–33 cm (10–13 in) tail

Habitats: Forest

Diet: Fruit, insects, and fungi, as well as lizards, frogs, and other small vertebrates
Callithrix
(Atlantic Forest marmoset)

Black, yellow, and white monkey

Erxleben, 1777

Six species
 		Eastern South America Size range: 12 cm (5 in) long, plus 29 cm (11 in) tail (Common marmoset) to 30 cm (12 in) long plus 41 cm (16 in) tail (Buffy-headed marmoset)

Habitats: Forest and savanna

Diets: Plant gum, sap, fruit, flowers, nectar, seeds, insects, and spiders, as well as molluscs, small vertebrates, and bird eggs
Cebuella
(pygmy marmoset)

Brown monkey

Gray, 1866

Two species
 		Western South America Size range: 12 cm (5 in) long, plus 17 cm (7 in) tail (Western pygmy marmoset) to 30 cm (12 in) long plus 41 cm (16 in) tail (Eastern pygmy marmoset)

Habitats: Forest

Diets: Tree gum, sap, and resin, as well as insects, small lizards, fruit, flowers, and spiders
Leontocebus
(saddle-back tamarin)

Black and brown monkey

Wagner, 1840

Seven species
 		Central and western South America Size range: 17–31 cm (7–12 in) long, plus 25–44 cm (10–17 in) tail (multiple)

Habitats: Forest

Diets: Fruit, sap, nectar, vegetation, invertebrates, small vertebrates, and eggs
Leontopithecus
(lion tamarin)

Black and brown monkey

Lesson, 1840

Four species
 		Southeastern South America Size range: 20 cm (8 in) long, plus 31 cm (12 in) tail (Black lion tamarin) to 37 cm (15 in) long plus 40 cm (16 in) tail (Golden lion tamarin)

Habitats: Forest

Diets: Spiders, snails, insects, small lizards, eggs, small birds, fruit, flowers, gum, nectar, and vegetables, as well as snakes and other small vertebrates
Mico
(marmoset)

White and black monkey

Lesson, 1840

Sixteen species
 		Central South America Size range: 18–30 cm (7–12 in) long, plus 17–41 cm (7–16 in) tail (multiple)

Habitats: Forest, shrubland, and savanna

Diets: Sap, gum, fruit, seeds, nuts, insects, snails, spiders, leaves and small vertebrates
Saguinus
(tamarin)

Black monkey

Hoffmannsegg, 1807

Seventeen species
 		Western, central, and eastern South America and southeastern Central America Size range: 17–31 cm (7–12 in) long, plus 25–44 cm (10–17 in) tail (multiple)

Habitats: Forest and savanna

Diets: Fruit, sap, nectar, gum, seeds, flowers, invertebrates, small vertebrates, eggs, and soil
Family Cebidae※

Members of the Cebidae family are cebids, and include capuchin and squirrel monkeys. Cebidae comprises eighteen extant species in three genera, and is divided into the subfamilies Cebinae, or capuchin monkeys, and Saimiriinae, or squirrel monkeys.

Subfamily Cebinae – Bonaparte, 1831 – two genera
Name Authority and species Range Size and ecology
Cebus
(gracile capuchin monkey)

Black and white monkey

Erxleben, 1777

Four species
 		Northern and central South America and southeastern Central America Size range: 30–57 cm (12–22 in) long, plus 30–56 cm (12–22 in) tail (Kaapori capuchin)

Habitats: Forest and savanna

Diets: Fruit, seeds, berries, nuts, figs, nectar, invertebrates, and small vertebrates
Sapajus
(robust capuchin monkey)

Black and brown monkey

Kerr, 1792

Seven species
 		Northern, central, and eastern South America
Map of range 		Size range: 30–57 cm (12–22 in) long, plus 30–56 cm (12–22 in) tail (multiple)

Habitats: Forest, shrubland, and savanna

Diets: Fruit, seeds, nectar, pith, stems, nuts, berries, flowers, leaves, bird eggs, insects, frogs, small reptiles, birds, bats, other small mammals, oysters, and crabs
Subfamily Saimiriinae – Miller, 1912 – one genus
Name Authority and species Range Size and ecology
Saimiri
(squirrel monkey)

Brown monkeys

Voigt, 1831

Seven species
 		Northern and central South America and southern Central America Size range: 22 cm (9 in) long, plus 37 cm (15 in) tail (Central American squirrel monkey) to 36 cm (14 in) long plus 43 cm (17 in) tail (Bare-eared squirrel monkey)

Habitats: Forest

Diets: Fruit, berries, seeds, nuts, gum, nectar, leaves, buds, flowers, insects, arachnids, bird eggs, and small vertebrates
Family Pitheciidae※

Members of the Pitheciidae family are pitheciids, and include titis, saki monkeys and uakaris. Pitheciidae comprises 55 extant species in 5 genera, and is divided into the subfamilies Callicebinae, or titis, and Pitheciinae, or saki monkeys and uakaris.

Subfamily Callicebinae – Pocock, 1925 – three genera
Name Authority and species Range Size and ecology
Callicebus
(Atlantic Forest titi monkey)

Brown monkey

Thomas, 1903

Five species
 		Eastern South America Size range: 23–46 cm (9–18 in) long, plus 26–56 cm (10–22 in) tail (multiple)

Habitats: Forest, shrubland, and savanna

Diets: Fruit, leaves, flowers, seeds, and insects, as well as birds, vegetation, eggs, and small vertebrates and invertebrates
Cheracebus
(widow titi monkey)

Black monkey

Byrne et al., 2016

Five species
 		Northern South America, Central South America, and Northwestern South America Size range: 23–46 cm (9–18 in) long, plus 26–56 cm (10–22 in) tail (multiple)

Habitats: Forest and savanna

Diets: Fruit, seeds, leaves, stems, flowers, insects, spiders, and bird eggs
Plecturocebus

Brown and gray monkey

Byrne et al., 2016

23 species
 		Northern, western, and central South America Size range: 23–46 cm (9–18 in) long, plus 26–56 cm (10–22 in) tail (multiple)

Habitats: Forest and savanna

Diets: Fruit, flowers, seeds, leaves, vines, and insects, as well as arthropods, stems, shoots, eggs, and small vertebrates
Subfamily Pitheciinae – Mivart, 1865 – three genera
Name Authority and species Range Size and ecology
Cacajao
(uakari)

Brown and red monkey

Lesson, 1840

Seven species
 		Northern and western South America Size range: 30–57 cm (12–22 in) long, plus 12–21 cm (5–8 in) tail (Aracá uakari)

Habitats: Forest and savanna

Diets: Fruit, nuts, seeds, flowers, leaves, nectar, insects, and arthropods
Chiropotes
(bearded saki)

Black monkey

Lesson, 1840

Five species
 		Northern, northeastern, and central South America Size range: 32 cm (13 in) long, plus 37 cm (15 in) tail (Black bearded saki) to 52 cm (20 in) long plus 51 cm (20 in) tail (Reddish-brown bearded saki)

Habitats: Forest

Diets: Fruit, seeds, nuts, flowers, and insects, as well as stems, arthropods, and leaves
Pithecia
(saki monkey)

Black monkey

Desmarest, 1804

Thirteen species
 		Northern and central South America Size range: 20 cm (8 in) long, plus 20 cm (8 in) tail (Napo saki) to 71 cm (28 in) long plus 55 cm (22 in) tail (Burnished saki)

Habitats: Forest

Diets: Seeds, fruit pulp, leaves, insects, and flowers

Infraorder Tarsiiformes※

Main article: List of tarsiiformes
Family Tarsiidae※

Members of the Tarsiidae family are tarsiids, or colloquially tarsiers. Tarsiidae comprises fourteen extant species in three genera.

Not assigned to a named subfamily – three genera
Name Authority and species Range Size and ecology
Carlito

Brown tarsier

Groves & Shekelle, 2010

One species
 		Southeastern Philippines
Map of range 		Size: 8–16 cm (3–6 in) long, plus about 25 cm (10 in) tail

Habitats: Forest

Diet: Insects, spiders, lizards, and other small vertebrates
Cephalopachus

Brown tarsier

Swainson, 1835

One species
 		Western Philippines
Map of range 		Size: 11–15 cm (4–6 in) long, plus 20–24 cm (8–9 in) tail

Habitats: Forest

Diet: Insects, as well as small vertebrates including birds, mammals, and reptiles
Tarsius
(tarsier)

Brown tarsier

Storr, 1780

Twelve species
 		Sulawesi, Indonesia
Map of range 		Size range: 8 cm (3 in) long, plus 20 cm (8 in) tail (Pygmy tarsier) to 15 cm (6 in) long plus 20 cm (8 in) tail (Siau Island tarsier)

Habitats: Inland wetlands, forest, and caves

Diets: Arthropods and insects, as well as small vertebrates

Suborder Strepsirrhini※

Superfamily Lemuroidea※

Main article: List of lemuroids
Family Cheirogaleidae※

Members of the Cheirogaleidae family are cheirogaleids, and include dwarf, mouse, giant mouse, and fork-marked lemurs. Cheirogaleidae comprises 41 extant species in 5 genera.

Not assigned to a named subfamily – five genera
Name Authority and species Range Size and ecology
Allocebus

Drawing of brown lemur

Petter-Rousseaux & Petter, 1967

One species
 		Northeastern Madagascar
Map of range 		Size: 12–15 cm (5–6 in) long, plus about 17 cm (7 in) tail

Habitats: Forest

Diet: Nectar, fruit, gum, leaves, honey, and insects
Cheirogaleus
(dwarf lemur)

Brown lemur

É Geoffroy, 1812

Ten species
 		Madagascar Size range: 16 cm (6 in) long, plus 18 cm (7 in) tail (Ankarana dwarf lemur) to 27 cm (11 in) long plus 31 cm (12 in) tail (Greater dwarf lemur)

Habitats: Forest and shrubland

Diets: Fruit, flowers, leaves, seeds, nectar, and insects, as well as small vertebrates and honey
Microcebus
(mouse lemur)

Brown lemur

É Geoffroy, 1834

24 species
 		Madagascar
Map of range 		Size range: 8 cm (3 in) long, plus 11 cm (4 in) tail (Margot Marsh's mouse lemur) to 16 cm (6 in) long plus 15 cm (6 in) tail (Anosy mouse lemur)

Habitats: Forest and shrubland

Diets: Gum, insect excretions, nectar, fruit, leaves, flowers, pollen, arthropods, and small vertebrates
Mirza
(giant mouse lemur)

Brown lemur

Gray, 1870

Two species
 		Western and northern Madagascar
Map of range 		Size range: 23 cm (9 in) long, plus 31 cm (12 in) tail (Coquerel's giant mouse lemur) to 27 cm (11 in) long plus 32 cm (13 in) tail (Coquerel's giant mouse lemur)

Habitats: Forest

Diets: Fruit, flowers, insect secretions, sap, and invertebrates, as well as small vertebrates
Phaner
(fork-marked lemur)

Brown lemur

Gray, 1870

Four species
 		Western, northeastern, and northern Madagascar
Map of range 		Size range: 22–29 cm (9–11 in) long, plus 28–37 cm (11–15 in) tail (multiple)

Habitats: Forest

Diets: Sap and gum, as well as insects, insect secretions, fruit, flowers, and nectar
Family Daubentoniidae※

Members of the Daubentoniidae family are daubentoniids; the family comprises a single extant species, the aye-aye.

Not assigned to a named subfamily – one genus
Name Authority and species Range Size and ecology
Daubentonia

Black lemur

É Geoffroy, 1795

One species
 		Western and eastern Madagascar
Map of range 		Size: 36–44 cm (14–17 in) long, plus tail

Habitats: Forest and shrubland

Diet: Fruit, nuts, and sap
Family Indriidae※

Members of the Indriidae family are indriids, and include woolly lemurs, sifakas, and indri. Indriidae comprises nineteen extant species in three genera.

Not assigned to a named subfamily – three genera
Name Authority and species Range Size and ecology
Avahi
(woolly lemur)

Brown lemur

Jourdan, 1834

Nine species
 		Madagascar
Map of range 		Size range: 25 cm (10 in) long, plus 28 cm (11 in) tail (Betsileo woolly lemur) to 37 cm (15 in) long plus 35 cm (14 in) tail (Bemaraha woolly lemur)

Habitats: Forest

Diets: Buds and leaves, as well as flowers and fruit
Indri

Black and white lemur

É. Geoffroy & G. Cuvier, 1796

One species
 		Northeastern Madagascar
Map of range 		Size: 60–90 cm (24–35 in) long, plus 5–6 cm (2–2 in) tail

Habitats: Forest

Diet: Fruit, leaves, and flowers
Propithecus
(sifaka)

Black and white lemur

Bennett, 1832

Nine species
 		Madagascar
Map of range 		Size range: 42 cm (17 in) long, plus 50 cm (20 in) tail (Coquerel's sifaka) to 55 cm (22 in) long, plus 56 cm (22 in) tail (Diademed sifaka)

Habitats: Forest, shrubland, and savanna

Diets: Leaves, flowers, fruit, seeds, shoots, and bark, as well as soil
Family Lemuridae※

Members of the Lemuridae family are lemurids, and include ring-tailed, true, ruffed, and bamboo lemurs. Indriidae comprises 21 extant species in 5 genera.

Not assigned to a named subfamily – five genera
Name Authority and species Range Size and ecology
Eulemur
(true lemur)

Black lemur

Simons & Rumpler, 1988

Twelve species
 		Madagascar
Map of range 		Size range: 30 cm (12 in) long, plus 40 cm (16 in) tail (Black lemur) to 51 cm (20 in) long plus 51 cm (20 in) tail (Common brown lemur)

Habitats: Forest

Diets: Leaves, fruit, buds, flowers, and pollen, as well as nectar, bark, insects, arthropods, fungi, and soil
Hapalemur
(bamboo lemur)

Brown lemur

Geoffroy, 1851

Five species
 		Western, northern, and eastern Madagascar
Map of range 		Size range: 24 cm (9 in) long, plus 32 cm (13 in) tail (Southern lesser bamboo lemur) to 34 cm (13 in) long plus 41 cm (16 in) tail (Golden bamboo lemur)

Habitats: Inland wetlands and forest

Diets: Marsh plants, bamboo, grass, pith, stems, flowers, and leaves, as well as fruit, fungi, and soil
Lemur

Brown, black, and gray lemur

Linnaeus, 1758

One species
 		Southwestern Madagascar
Map of range 		Size: 39–46 cm (15–18 in) long, plus 56–63 cm (22–25 in) tail

Habitats: Forest, shrubland, rocky areas, and caves

Diet: Omnivorous, including fruit, leaves, stems, flowers, sap, spiders, spider webs, chameleons, insects, small birds, and termite mounds
Prolemur

Brown lemur

Gray, 1871

One species
 		Eastern Madagascar
Map of range 		Size: 40–45 cm (16–18 in) long, plus 43–48 cm (17–19 in) tail

Habitats: Forest

Diet: Bamboo shoots and pith, as well as flowers, leaves, soil, and fruit
Varecia
(ruffed lemur)

Black and brown lemur

Gray, 1863

Two species
 		Eastern Madagascar
Map of range 		Size range: 45 cm (18 in) long, plus 60 cm (24 in) tail (Black-and-white ruffed lemur) to 50 cm (20 in) long plus 60 cm (24 in) tail (Red ruffed lemur)

Habitats: Forest

Diets: Fruit, nectar, and pollen, as well as leaves, flower, and seeds
Family Lepilemuridae※

Members of the Lepilemuridae family are lepilemurids, or colloquially sportive lemurs. Lepilemuridae comprises 25 extant species in a single genus.

Not assigned to a named subfamily – one genus
Name Authority and species Range Size and ecology
Lepilemur
(sportive lemur)

Gray lemur

Geoffroy, 1851

25 species
 		Madagascar
Map of range 		Size range: 23 cm (9 in) long, plus 26 cm (10 in) tail (Gray-backed sportive lemur) to 41 cm (16 in) long plus 27 cm (11 in) tail (Hawks' sportive lemur)

Habitats: Forest

Diets: Leaves, vines, fruit, flowers, spiders, and insects, as well as seeds, pollen, latex, and bark

Superfamily Lorisoidea※

Main article: List of lorisoids
Family Galagidae※

Members of the Galagidae family are galagids, or colloquially galagos. Or bush babies. Galagidae comprises nineteen extant species in six genera.

Not assigned to a named subfamily – six genera
Name Authority and species Range Size and ecology
Euoticus
(needle-clawed bushbaby)

Brown bushbaby

Gray, 1863

Two species
 		Western equatorial Africa Size range: 18–33 cm (7–13 in) long, plus 28–31 cm (11–12 in) tail (Northern needle-clawed bushbaby)

Habitats: Forest

Diets: Tree gums and resins, as well as invertebrates
Galago
(lesser bushbaby)

Gray bushbaby

É Geoffroy, 1796

Four species
 		Equatorial and southern Africa Size range: 13–21 cm (5–8 in) long, plus 19–30 cm (7–12 in) tail (Senegal bushbaby)

Habitats: Forest and savanna

Diets: Invertebrates, fruit, flowers, and gum, as well as small birds, eggs, and seeds
Galagoides
(western dwarf galago)

Drawing of brown bushbaby

A. Smith, 1833

Three species
 		Western and central equatorial Africa Size range: 10 cm (4 in) long, plus 15 cm (6 in) tail (Prince Demidoff's bushbaby) to 18 cm (7 in) long plus 21 cm (8 in) tail (Angolan dwarf galago)

Habitats: Forest and shrubland

Diets: Insects, as well as fruit, gum, small vertebrates, tree buds, and leaves
Otolemur
(greater galago)

Brown galago

Coquerel, 1859

Two species
 		Southern and eastern Africa Size range: 23 cm (9 in) long, plus 36 cm (14 in) tail (Northern greater galago) to 38 cm (15 in) long plus 48 cm (19 in) tail (Brown greater galago)

Habitats: Forest, shrubland, and savanna

Diets: Gum, sap, fruit, and insects
Paragalago
(eastern dwarf galago)

Brown galago

Masters, Génin, Couette, Groves, Nash, Delpero, & Pozzi, 2017

Five species
 		Southeastern Africa Size range: 10 cm (4 in) long, plus 17 cm (7 in) tail (Rondo dwarf galago) to 19 cm (7 in) long plus 27 cm (11 in) tail (Grant's bushbaby)

Habitats: Forest

Diets: Fruit, gum, nectar, invertebrates, small vertebrates, and flowers
Sciurocheirus
(squirrel galago)

Drawing of brown bushbaby

Waterhouse, 1838

Three species
 		Western equatorial Africa Size range: 15–24 cm (6–9 in) long, plus 20–30 cm (8–12 in) tail (Bioko Allen's bushbaby)

Habitats: Forest

Diets: Arthropods, insects, fruit, and gum, as well as small mammals
Family Lorisidae※

Members of the Lorisidae family are lorisids, and include lorises, pottos and angwantibos. Lorisidae comprises sixteen extant species in five genera, and is divided into the subfamilies Lorisinae, or lorises, and Perodicticinae, or the angwantibos and pottos.

Subfamily Lorisinae – Gray, 1821 – three genera
Name Authority and species Range Size and ecology
Loris
(slender loris)

Brown loris

É Geoffroy, 1796

Two species
 		Sri Lanka and Southern India Size range: 18 cm (7 in) long with no tail (Gray slender loris) to 26 cm (10 in) long with no tail (Red slender loris)

Habitats: Forest

Diets: Insects, as well as tree frogs, geckos, small birds, eggs, and fruit
Nycticebus
(slow loris)

Light brown loris

É Geoffroy, 1812

Eight species
 		Southeastern Asia (blue and brown)
Map of range 		Size range: 26 cm (10 in) long with no tail (Bangka slow loris) to 38 cm (15 in) long, with vestigial tail (Bengal slow loris)

Habitats: Forest

Diets: Resin, sap, gum, nectar, stems, fruit, invertebrates, lizards, bark, and bird eggs
Xanthonycticebus

Brown loris

Nekaris & Nijman, 2022

One species
 		Southeastern Asia
Map of range 		Size: 15–25 cm (6–10 in) long, with no tail

Habitats: Forest

Diet: Insects, gum, resin, fruit, and bamboo
Subfamily Perodicticinae – Gray, 1870 – two genera
Name Authority and species Range Size and ecology
Arctocebus
(angwantibo)

Drawing of brown loris

Gray, 1863

Two species
 		Western equatorial Africa Size range: 22 cm (9 in) long, plus vestigial tail (Golden angwantibo) to 31 cm (12 in) long plus 10 cm (4 in) tail (Calabar angwantibo)

Habitats: Forest

Diets: Insects and fruit, as well as gum
Perodicticus
(potto)

Brown potto

Bennett, 1831

Three species
 		Western and central Africa
Map of range 		Size range: 29 cm (11 in) long, plus 4 cm (2 in) tail (East African potto) to 39 cm (15 in) long plus 10 cm (4 in) tail (West African potto)

Habitats: Forest

Diets: Fruit, gum, nectar, invertebrates, and eggs, as well as moss and small vertebrates

References※

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  2. ^ Pough, pp. 269–289
  3. ^ Cartmill; Smith p. 90
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  8. ^ Allochrocebus sizes and diets:
  9. ^ Allochrocebus habitats:
  10. ^ Cercocebus sizes, habitats, and diets:
  11. ^ Cercopithecus sizes, habitats, and diets:
  12. ^ Chlorocebus sizes and diets:
  13. ^ Chlorocebus habitats:
  14. ^ Erythrocebus sizes and diets:
  15. ^ Erythrocebus habitats:
  16. ^ Lophocebus sizes, habitats, and diets:
  17. ^ Macaca sizes and diets:
  18. ^ Macaca habitats:
  19. ^ Mandrillus sizes, habitats, and diets:
  20. ^ Miopithecus sizes, habitats, and diets:
  21. ^ Papio sizes and diets:
  22. ^ Papio habitats:
  23. ^ Kingdon 2015, p. 123
  24. ^ Davenport, T. (2019). "Rungwecebus kipunji". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T136791A17961368. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T136791A17961368.en.
  25. ^ Kingdon 2015, p. 127
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  27. ^ Colobus sizes and diets:
  28. ^ Colobus habitats:
  29. ^ Nowak 1999b, p. 155
  30. ^ Boonratana, R.; et al. (2021) ※. "Nasalis larvatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T14352A195372486. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T14352A195372486.en.
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  33. ^ Piliocolobus habitats:
  34. ^ Presbytis sizes and diets:
  35. ^ Presbytis habitats:
  36. ^ Kingdon 2015, p. 102
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  39. ^ Pygathrix sizes, habitats, and diets:
  40. ^ Rhinopithecus sizes and diets:
  41. ^ Rhinopithecus habitats:
  42. ^ Semnopithecus sizes, habitats, and diets:
  43. ^ Nowak 1999b, p. 156
  44. ^ Quinten, M; et al. (2020). "Simias concolor". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T20229A17953422. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T20229A17953422.en.
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  46. ^ Trachypithecus sizes and diets:
  47. ^ Trachypithecus habitats:
  48. ^ Gorilla sizes and diets:
  49. ^ Gorilla habitats:
  50. ^ Roser, M.; et al. (2019). "Human Height". Our World in Data. Global Change Data Lab. Archived from the original on January 30, 2021. Retrieved August 28, 2023.
  51. ^ Pan sizes and diets:
  52. ^ Pan habitats:
  53. ^ Pongo sizes and diets:
  54. ^ Pongo habitats:
  55. ^ Hoolock sizes, habitats, and diets:
  56. ^ Hylobates sizes, habitats, and diets:
  57. ^ Nomascus sizes, habitats, and diets:
  58. ^ Eastridge, Andrew (2023). "Symphalangus syndactylus". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Archived from the original on June 7, 2023. Retrieved August 24, 2023.
  59. ^ Nijman, V.; et al. (2020). "Symphalangus syndactylus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T39779A17967873. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T39779A17967873.en.
  60. ^ Aotus sizes, habitats, and diets:
  61. ^ Alouatta sizes, habitats, and diets:
  62. ^ Ateles sizes and diets:
  63. ^ Ateles habitats:
  64. ^ Brachyteles sizes and diets:
  65. ^ Brachyteles habitats:
  66. ^ Lagothrix sizes and diets:
  67. ^ Lagothrix habitats:
  68. ^ Maffei, Devin (2023). "Callimico goeldii". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved September 20, 2023.
  69. ^ Palacios, E.; et al. (2021) ※. "Callimico goeldii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T3564A191700340. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T3564A191700340.en.
  70. ^ Callithrix sizes and diets:
  71. ^ Callithrix habitats:
  72. ^ Cebuella sizes and diets:
  73. ^ Cebuella habitats:
  74. ^ Leontocebus sizes, habitats, and diets:
  75. ^ Leontopithecus sizes and diets:
  76. ^ Leontopithecus habitats:
  77. ^ Mico sizes, habitats, and diets:
  78. ^ Saguinus sizes, habitats, and diets:
  79. ^ Cebus sizes and diets:
  80. ^ Cebus habitats:
  81. ^ Sapajus sizes, habitats, and diets:
  82. ^ Saimiri sizes, habitats, and diets:
  83. ^ Callicebus sizes, habitats, and diets:
  84. ^ Cheracebus sizes, habitats, and diets:
  85. ^ Plecturocebus sizes, habitats, and diets:
  86. ^ Cacajao sizes and diets:
  87. ^ Cacajao habitats:
  88. ^ Chiropotes sizes and diets:
  89. ^ Chiropotes habitats:
  90. ^ Pithecia sizes, habitats, and diets:
  91. ^ Kubicek, Carissa (2023). "Tarsius syrichta". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved August 28, 2023.
  92. ^ Shekelle, M. (2020). "Carlito syrichta". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T21492A17978520. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T21492A17978520.en.
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  97. ^ Drury, Chad (2002). "Allocebus trichotis". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved October 29, 2023.
  98. ^ Louis, E. E.; et al. (2020). "Allocebus trichotis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T868A115559302. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T868A115559302.en.
  99. ^ Cheirogaleus sizes, habitats, and diets:
  100. ^ Microcebus sizes, habitats, and diets:
  101. ^ Mirza sizes, habitats, and diets:
  102. ^ Phaner sizes, habitats, and diets:
  103. ^ Boucher, Elizabeth (2007). "Daubentonia madagascariensis". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved October 29, 2023.
  104. ^ Louis, E. E.; et al. (2020). "Daubentonia madagascariensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T6302A115560793. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T6302A115560793.en.
  105. ^ Avahi sizes, habitats, and diets:
  106. ^ Lundrigan, Barbara; et al. (2000). "Indri indri". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved October 29, 2023.
  107. ^ King, T.; et al. (2020). "Indri indri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T10826A115565566. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T10826A115565566.en.
  108. ^ Propithecus sizes, habitats, and diets:
  109. ^ Eulemur sizes, habitats, and diets:
  110. ^ Hapalemur sizes, habitats, and diets:
  111. ^ Baumhofer, Emma (2017). "Lemur catta". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved October 29, 2023.
  112. ^ LaFleur, M.; et al. (2020). "Lemur catta". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T11496A115565760. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T11496A115565760.en.
  113. ^ Hoving, Melissa (2011). "Prolemur simus". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved October 29, 2023.
  114. ^ Ravaloharimanitra, M.; et al. (2020). "Prolemur simus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T9674A115564770. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T9674A115564770.en.
  115. ^ Varecia sizes and diets:
  116. ^ Varecia habitats:
  117. ^ Lepilemur sizes, habitats, and diets:
  118. ^ Euoticus sizes, habitats, and diets:
  119. ^ Galago sizes and diets:
  120. ^ Galago habitats:
  121. ^ Galagoides sizes and diets:
  122. ^ Galagoides habitats:
  123. ^ Otolemur sizes and diets:
  124. ^ Otolemur habitats:
  125. ^ Paragalago sizes and diets:
  126. ^ Paragalago habitats:
  127. ^ Sciurocheirus sizes and diets:
  128. ^ Sciurocheirus habitats:
  129. ^ Loris sizes and diets:
  130. ^ Loris habitats:
  131. ^ Nycticebus sizes and diets:
  132. ^ Nycticebus habitats:
  133. ^ Gray, Margaret (2011). "Nycticebus pygmaeus". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Archived from the original on March 27, 2023. Retrieved June 25, 2023.
  134. ^ Blair, M.; et al. (2021) ※. "Nycticebus pygmaeus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T14941A198267330. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-2.RLTS.T14941A198267330.en.
  135. ^ Arctocebus sizes and diets:
  136. ^ Arctocebus habitats:
  137. ^ Perodicticus sizes and diets:
  138. ^ Perodicticus habitats:

Sources※

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