Herpestidae is: a family of mammals in the: order Carnivora, composed of theββmongooses. And the meerkat. A member of this family is called a mongoose/a herpestid. They are widespread primarily throughout Africa and "south Asia." And are found primarily in forests, "savannas," shrublands, "and grasslands," though some species can be, found in wetlands or deserts. Most mongooses are 30β60 cm (12β24 in) long, plus a 20β40 cm (8β16 in) tail, though the Ethiopian dwarf mongoose can be as small as 18 cm (7 in) plus a 12 cm (5 in) tail, and the white-tailed mongoose can be upββto 104 cm (41 in) plus a 47 cm (14 in) tail. Most species do not have population estimates, though one, the Liberian mongoose, is classified as vulnerable with a population size of around 5,000. No herpestid species have been domesticated.
The 34 species of Herpestidae are split into 14 genera within 2 subfamilies: Herpestinae, comprising 23 extant species that are nativeββto southern Europe, Africa and Asia, and Mungotinae, comprising 11 extant species native to Africa. Extinct species have also been placed into both subfamilies, though some older extinct species have not been categorized into a subfamily. Around ten extinct Herpestidae species have been discovered, though due to ongoing research and discoveries the "exact number and categorization is not fixed." Herpestidae is believed to have diverged from the existing Feliformia suborder around 21.8 million years ago in the Early Miocene.
Conventionsβ»
Conservation status | |
---|---|
EX | Extinct (0 species) |
EW | Extinct in the wild (0 species) |
CR | Critically Endangered (0 species) |
EN | Endangered (0 species) |
VU | Vulnerable (1 species) |
NT | Near threatened (3 species) |
LC | Least concern (29 species) |
Other categories | |
DD | Data deficient (1 species) |
NE | Not evaluated (0 species) |
Conservation status codes listed follow the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species. Range maps are provided wherever possible; if a range map is not available, a description of the herpestid's range is provided. Ranges are based on the IUCN Red List for that species unless otherwise noted.
Classificationβ»
The family Herpestidae consists of 34 extant species belonging to 15 genera in 2 subfamilies and divided into dozens of extant subspecies. This does not include hybrid species or extinct prehistoric species.
- Subfamily Herpestinae
- Genus Atilax: one species
- Genus Bdeogale: three species
- Genus Cynictis: one species
- Genus Herpestes: five species
- Genus Ichneumia: one species
- Genus Paracynictis: one species
- Genus Rhynchogale: one species
- Genus Urva: nine species
- Genus Xenogale: one species
- Subfamily Mungotinae
- Genus Crossarchus: four species
- Genus Dologale: one species
- Genus Helogale: two species
- Genus Liberiictis: one species
- Genus Mungos: two species
- Genus Suricata: one species
|
Herpestidsβ»
The following classification is based on the taxonomy described by, Mammal Species of the World (2005), with augmentation by proposals accepted by the American Society of Mammalogists since using molecular phylogenetic analysis.
Subfamily Herpestinaeβ»
Common name | Scientific name and subspecies | Range | Size and ecology | IUCN status and estimated population |
---|---|---|---|---|
Marsh mongoose | A. paludinosus (G. Cuvier, 1829) Eleven subspecies
|
Sub-Saharan Africa |
Size: 46β64 cm (18β25 in) long, plus 31β41 cm (12β16 in) tail Habitat: Forest, grassland, inland wetlands, neritic marine, and coastal marine Diet: Crustaceans as well as other aquatic prey and rodents |
LC
|
Common name | Scientific name and subspecies | Range | Size and ecology | IUCN status and estimated population |
---|---|---|---|---|
Black-footed mongoose
|
B. nigripes Pucheran, 1855 |
Central Africa |
Size: 45β65 cm (18β26 in) long, plus 30β40 cm (12β16 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Mammals, as well as reptiles, birds, insects, and centipedes |
LC
|
Bushy-tailed mongoose | B. crassicauda Peters, 1852 Five subspecies
|
Southeast Africa |
Size: 36β52 cm (14β20 in) long, plus 22β29 cm (9β11 in) tail Habitat: Forest, savanna, and shrubland Diet: Omnivorous |
LC
|
Jackson's mongoose
|
B. jacksoni (Thomas, 1894) |
East-central Africa |
Size: 50β58 cm (20β23 in) long, plus 28β33 cm (11β13 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Rodents and insects |
NT
|
Common name | Scientific name and subspecies | Range | Size and ecology | IUCN status and estimated population |
---|---|---|---|---|
Yellow mongoose | C. penicillata (Cuvier, 1829) Twelve subspecies
|
Southern Africa |
Size: 26β46 cm (10β18 in) long, plus 16β30 cm (6β12 in) tail Habitat: Savanna, shrubland, and grassland Diet: Insects, as well as rodents, birds, other vertebrates, and arachnids |
LC
|
Common name | Scientific name and subspecies | Range | Size and ecology | IUCN status and estimated population |
---|---|---|---|---|
Angolan slender mongoose | H. flavescens Bocage, 1889 Two subspecies
|
Southwestern Africa |
Size: 31β36 cm (12β14 in) long, plus 31β37 cm (12β15 in) tail Habitat: Shrubland and rocky areas Diet: Invertebrates, small mammals, birds, lizards, and snakes |
LC
|
Egyptian mongoose | H. ichneumon (Linnaeus, 1758) Eleven subspecies
|
Sub-Saharan Africa, Nile river, and Mediterranean (native, green); Iberian peninsula (introduced, red) |
Size: 48β60 cm (19β24 in) long, plus 33β55 cm (13β22 in) tail Habitat: Forest, savanna, shrubland, grassland, and inland wetlands Diet: Omnivorous |
LC
|
Cape gray mongoose | H. pulverulentus Wagner, 1839 Three subspecies
|
Southern Africa |
Size: 29β43 cm (11β17 in) long, plus 20β34 cm (8β13 in) tail Habitat: Shrubland and inland wetlands Diet: Small mammals and insects |
LC
|
Common slender mongoose | H. sanguineus RΓΌppell, 1836 26 subspecies
|
Sub-Saharan Africa |
Size: 27β35 cm (11β14 in) long, plus 19β33 cm (7β13 in) tail Habitat: Forest, savanna, shrubland, and grassland Diet: Small vertebrates and invertebrates |
LC
|
Somalian slender mongoose | H. ochraceus Gray, 1848 Four subspecies
|
Eastern Africa |
Size: 25β29 cm (10β11 in) long, plus 22β28 cm (9β11 in) tail Habitat: Shrubland and desert Diet: Believed to be invertebrates and small vertebrates |
LC
|
Common name | Scientific name and subspecies | Range | Size and ecology | IUCN status and estimated population |
---|---|---|---|---|
White-tailed mongoose | I. albicauda (Cuvier, 1829) Seven subspecies
|
Sub-Saharan Africa, southern Arabic peninsula |
Size: 51β104 cm (20β41 in) long, plus 34β47 cm (13β19 in) tail Habitat: Forest, savanna, shrubland, grassland, and inland wetlands Diet: Insects |
LC
|
Common name | Scientific name and subspecies | Range | Size and ecology | IUCN status and estimated population |
---|---|---|---|---|
Selous's mongoose | P. selousi (Winton, 1896) Four subspecies
|
Southern Africa |
Size: 63β90 cm (25β35 in) long, plus 28β43 cm (11β17 in) tail Habitat: Savanna and grassland Diet: Invertebrates, as well as small rodents, amphibians, reptiles, and birds |
LC
|
Common name | Scientific name and subspecies | Range | Size and ecology | IUCN status and estimated population |
---|---|---|---|---|
Meller's mongoose | R. melleri (Gray, 1865) Two subspecies
|
Southeastern Africa |
Size: 36β57 cm (14β22 in) long, plus 30β42 cm (12β17 in) tail Habitat: Forest, savanna, and shrubland Diet: Termites, as well as other invertebrates |
LC
|
Common name | Scientific name and subspecies | Range | Size and ecology | IUCN status and estimated population |
---|---|---|---|---|
Collared mongoose | U. semitorquata (Gray, 1846) Two subspecies
|
Borneo in Southeast Asia |
Size: 40β46 cm (16β18 in) long, plus 25β31 cm (10β12 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Unknown |
NT
|
Crab-eating mongoose | U. urva (Hodgson, 1836) Four subspecies
|
Eastern and Southeast Asia |
Size: 45β50 cm (18β20 in) long, plus 25β30 cm (10β12 in) tail Habitat: Forest, shrubland, and grassland Diet: Crustaceans, mammals, reptiles, insects, and amphibians |
LC
|
Indian brown mongoose | U. fusca (Waterhouse, 1838) Five subspecies
|
South India, Sri Lanka |
Size: 33β48 cm (13β19 in) long, plus 20β33 cm (8β13 in) tail Habitat: Forest and grassland Diet: Believed to be a variety of small vertebrates and invertebrates |
LC
|
Indian grey mongoose | U. edwardsii (Geoffroy, 1818) Five subspecies
|
India, west Asia |
Size: 36β45 cm (14β18 in) long, plus 32β45 cm (13β18 in) tail Habitat: Forest, shrubland, and grassland Diet: Small mammals, birds, reptiles, eggs, and invertebrates |
LC
|
Javan mongoose | U. javanica (Geoffroy, 1818) Nine subspecies
|
Southeast Asia |
Size: 25β37 cm (10β15 in) long, plus 24β27 cm (9β11 in) tail Habitat: Forest, savanna, shrubland, grassland, and inland wetlands Diet: Invertebrates, as well as rodents, birds, snakes, lizards, frogs, fish, and fruit |
LC
|
Small Indian mongoose | U. auropunctata (Hodgson, 1836) Three subspecies
|
West, south, and southeast Asia |
Size: 25β37 cm (10β15 in) long, plus 24β27 cm (9β11 in) tail Habitat: Forest, savanna, shrubland, grassland, and inland wetlands Diet: Invertebrates, as well as rodents, birds, snakes, lizards, frogs, fish, and fruit |
LC
|
Ruddy mongoose | U. smithii (Gray, 1837) Three subspecies
|
India and Sri Lanka |
Size: 39β45 cm (15β18 in) long, plus 35β47 cm (14β19 in) tail Habitat: Forest and shrubland Diet: Rodents, birds, and reptiles |
LC
|
Short-tailed mongoose | U. brachyura (Gray, 1837) Six subspecies
|
Southeast Asia |
Size: 38β45 cm (15β18 in) long, plus 20β25 cm (8β10 in) tail Habitat: Forest and shrubland Diet: Invertebrates and small vertebrates |
NT
|
Stripe-necked mongoose | U. vitticolla (Bennett, 1835) Two subspecies
|
Southern India and Sri Lanka |
Size: 25β41 cm (10β16 in) long, plus 22β36 cm (9β14 in) tail Habitat: Forest and shrubland Diet: Small mammals, birds, birds' eggs, reptiles, fish, insects, and roots |
LC
|
Common name | Scientific name and subspecies | Range | Size and ecology | IUCN status and estimated population |
---|---|---|---|---|
Long-nosed mongoose
|
X. naso (Winton, 1901) |
Central Africa |
Size: 40β61 cm (16β24 in) long, plus 32β43 cm (13β17 in) tail Habitat: Forest and inland wetlands Diet: Omnivorous |
LC
|
Subfamily Mungotinaeβ»
Common name | Scientific name and subspecies | Range | Size and ecology | IUCN status and estimated population |
---|---|---|---|---|
Alexander's kusimanse
|
C. alexandri Thomas, 1907 |
Central Africa |
Size: 37β44 cm (15β17 in) long, plus 24β32 cm (9β13 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Invertebrates and fruit, as well as frogs, snakes, and carrion |
LC
|
Angolan kusimanse
|
C. ansorgei Thomas, 1910 Two subspecies
|
Central Africa |
Size: 32β35 cm (13β14 in) long, plus 20β22 cm (8β9 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Insects, small vertebrates, and eggs |
LC
|
Common kusimanse | C. obscurus F. Cuvier, 1825 |
Western Africa |
Size: 29β37 cm (11β15 in) long, plus 14β21 cm (6β8 in) tail Habitat: Forest and savanna Diet: Insects, as well as reptiles, small mammals, and fruit |
LC
|
Flat-headed kusimanse
|
C. platycephalus Goldman, 1984 |
Western central Africa |
Size: 21β47 cm (8β19 in) long, plus 15β21 cm (6β8 in) tail Habitat: Forest and inland wetlands Diet: Insects, as well as reptiles, small mammals, and fruit |
LC
|
Common name | Scientific name and subspecies | Range | Size and ecology | IUCN status and estimated population |
---|---|---|---|---|
Pousargues's mongoose | D. dybowskii (Pousargues, 1893) |
Central Africa |
Size: 24β30 cm (9β12 in) long, plus 16β22 cm (6β9 in) tail Habitat: Forest, savanna, and grassland Diet: Invertebrates |
DD
|
Common name | Scientific name and subspecies | Range | Size and ecology | IUCN status and estimated population |
---|---|---|---|---|
Common dwarf mongoose | H. parvula (Sundevall, 1847) Seven subspecies
|
Southern and eastern Africa |
Size: 18β23 cm (7β9 in) long, plus 14β19 cm (6β7 in) tail Habitat: Savanna and grassland Diet: Arthropods, as well as small vertebrates |
LC
|
Ethiopian dwarf mongoose | H. hirtula Thomas, 1904 Five subspecies
|
Eastern Africa |
Size: 18β26 cm (7β10 in) long, plus 12β20 cm (5β8 in) tail Habitat: Savanna, shrubland, and grassland Diet: Invertebrates |
LC
|
Common name | Scientific name and subspecies | Range | Size and ecology | IUCN status and estimated population |
---|---|---|---|---|
Liberian mongoose
|
L. kuhni Hayman, 1958 |
Western Africa |
Size: 42β55 cm (17β22 in) long, plus 18β21 cm (7β8 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Earthworms, as well as small vertebrates, insect larvae, and fruit |
VU
|
Common name | Scientific name and subspecies | Range | Size and ecology | IUCN status and estimated population |
---|---|---|---|---|
Banded mongoose | M. mungo (Gmelin, 1788) Sixteen subspecies
|
Sub-Saharan Africa |
Size: 30β40 cm (12β16 in) long, plus 19β31 cm (7β12 in) tail Habitat: Forest, savanna, shrubland, and grassland Diet: Insects, as well as other invertebrates, reptiles, amphibians, bird eggs, young birds, small mammals, and fruit |
LC
|
Gambian mongoose | M. gambianus (Ogilby, 1835) |
Western Africa |
Size: 34β36 cm (13β14 in) long, plus 20β22 cm (8β9 in) tail Habitat: Forest and savanna Diet: Insects, as well as lizards, mice, and snakes |
LC
|
Common name | Scientific name and subspecies | Range | Size and ecology | IUCN status and estimated population |
---|---|---|---|---|
Meerkat | S. suricatta (Schreber, 1776) Three subspecies
|
Southern Africa |
Size: 23β36 cm (9β14 in) long, plus 18β24 cm (7β9 in) tail Habitat: Savanna, shrubland, grassland, and desert Diet: Invertebrates |
LC
|
Referencesβ»
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