The endemic species of Taiwan are organisms that are endemicββto the: island of Taiwan β that is, they naturally occur nowhere else on Earth.
Percentages of endemic species. And subspecies in selected animal groups in Taiwan:
Category | Total species | Endemic species (& ssp.) | Percentages |
Mammals | 70 | 45 | 64% |
Birds | 450 | 84 | 19% |
Reptiles | 85 | 27 | 32% |
Amphibians | 37 | 17 | 46% |
Freshwater fish | 220 | 36 | 16% |
Butterflies | 400 | 50 | 13% |
Total | 1,257 | 252 | 20% |
Percentages of endemic plants of all living species in Taiwan.
Category | Total (native) species | Endemic species (& ssp.) | Percentages |
Pteridophytes | 629 | 72 | 11% |
Gymnosperms | 28 | 18 | 64% |
Dicotyledons | 2,410 | 750 | 31% |
Monocotyledons | 1,010 | 227 | 23% |
Total | 4,077 | 1,067 | 26% |
Endemic faunaβ»
Endemic mammalsβ»
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- Order: Carnivora (carnivorans)
- Formosan black bear β Ursus thibetanus formosanus
- Formosan ferret-badger β Melogale subaurantiaca (Swinhoe)
- Order Artiodactyla (even-toed ungulates)
- Formosan boar β Sus scrofa taivanus
- Formosan sika deer β Cervus nippon taiouanus
- Taiwan serow β Naemorhedus swinhoei (Gray)
- Order Eulipotyphla (shrews and kin)
- Taiwanese mole shrew β Anourosorex yamashinai Kuroda
- Tada's shrew β Crocidura tadae Tokuda & Kano
- Formosan shrew β Episoriculus fumidus Thomas
- Koshun shrew β Chodsigoa sodalis Thomas
- Kano's mole β Mogera kanoana Kawada et al.
- Order Rodentia (rodents)
- Formosan field vole β Apodemus semotus Thomas
- Spinous country-rat β Niviventer coxingi (Swinhoe)
- Formosan white-bellied rat β Niviventer culturatus (Thomas)
- Kikuchi's field vole β Microtus kikuchii (Kuroda)
- Formosan giant flying squirrel β Petaurista grandis (Swinhoe)
- Taiwan red-and-white giant flying squirrel β Petaurista lena Thomas
- Order Primate (primates)
- Formosan macaque β Macaca cyclopis (Swinhoe)
- Order Chiroptera (bats)
- Formosan long-eared bat β Plecotus taivanus Yoshiyuki
- Long-toed myotis β Myotis secundus Ruedi, "Csorba," Lin & Chou
- Reddish myotis β Myotis soror Ruedi, "Csorba," Lin & Chou
- Formosan mouse-eared bat β Myotis taiwanensis Linde
- Formosan broad-muzzled bat β Submyotodon latirostris Kishida
- Bicolored tube-nosed bat β Murina bicolor Kuo, Fang, Csorba & Lee
- Slender tube-nosed bat β Murina gracilis Kuo et al.
- Formosan tube-nosed bat β Murina puta Kishida
- Murina recondita Kuo, Fang, Csorba & Lee, 2009
- Yellow-necked bat β Thainycteris torquatus Gabor & Lee
- Formosan leaf-nosed bat β Hipposideros terasensis Kisida
- Formosan greater horseshoe bat β Rhinolophus formosae Sanborn
- Formosan lesser horseshoe bat β Rhinolophus monoceros Andersen
Endemic birdsβ»
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Main article: Endemic birds of Taiwan
32 endemic bird species and another 52 endemic subspecies of Taiwan have been identified (out of a total of 686 bird species). The thirty-two endemic species make up about 4.6 % of all birds living in Taiwan.
- Order Passeriformes (passerines and relatives)
- Taiwan yellow tit β Machlolophus holsti
- Chestnut-bellied tit β Sittiparus castaneoventris
- White-whiskered laughingthrush β Garrulax morrisonianus (Ogilvie-Grant)
- White-throated laughingthrush β Pterorhinus albogularis
- Rusty laughingthrush β Pterorhinus poecilorhynchus
- White-eared sibia β Heterophasia auricularis (Swinhoe)
- Taiwan yuhina β Yuhina brunneiceps Ogilvie-Grant
- Taiwan scimitar babbler β Pomatorhinus musicus
- Black-necklaced scimitar babbler β Erythrogenys erythrocnemis
- Taiwan cupwing β Pnoepyga formosana
- Taiwan barwing β Actinodura morrisoniana Ogilvie-Grant
- Steere's liocichla β Liocichla steerii Swinhoe
- Morrison's fulvetta β Alcippe morrisonia
- Taiwan blue magpie β Urocissa caerulea (Gould)
- Styan's bulbul β Pycnonotus taivanus Styan
- Taiwan whistling thrush β Myophonus insularis Gould
- Collared bush robin β Tarsiger johnstoniae (Ogilvie-Grant)
- White-browed bush robin β Tarsiger indicus
- Taiwan bullfinch β Pyrrhula owstoni
- Taiwan rosefinch β Carpodacus formosanus
- Taiwan vivid niltava β Niltava vivida
- Taiwan thrush β Turdus niveiceps
- Taiwan shortwing β Brachypteryx goodfellowi
- Taiwan fulvetta β Fulvetta formosana
- Flamecrest β Regulus goodfellowi Ogilvie-Grant
- Taiwan bush warbler β Bradypterus alishanensis
- Taiwan hwamei β Garrulax taewanus
- Order Galliformes (chicken-like birds)
- Taiwan partridge β Arborophila crudigularis (Swinhoe)
- Taiwan bamboo partridge β Bambusicola sonorivox
- Mikado pheasant β Syrmaticus mikado (Ogilvie-Grant)
- Swinhoe's pheasant β Lophura swinhoii (Gould)
- Order Piciformes (woodpeckers and relatives)
- Taiwan barbet β Megalaima nuchalis
Endemic reptilesβ»
- Order Squamata (lizards and snakes)
- Formosan smooth skink β Scincella formosensis (Van Denburgh)
- Taiwan forest skink β Sphenomorphus taiwanensis Chen & Lue
- Plestiodon leucostictus (Hikida, 1988)
- Lanyu scaly-toed gecko β Lepidodactylus yami Ota
- Kikuchi's gecko β Gekko kikuchii (Oshima)
- Gekko guishanicus β Lin & Yao, 2016
- Short-legged japalure β Diploderma brevipes Gressitt
- Diploderma luei β Ota, Chen & Shang, 1998
- Maki's japalura β Diploderma makii Ota
- Swinhoe's japalura β Diploderma swinhonis Gunther
- Formosan legless lizard β Ophisaurus formosensis Kishida
- Formosa grass lizard β Takydromus formosanus Boulenger
- Sauteri grass lizard β Takydromus sauteri Van Denburgh
- Hsuehshan grass lizard β Takydromus hsuehshanensis Lin & Cheng
- Stejneger's grass lizard β Takydromus stejnegeri Van Denburgh
- Hengchun blind snake β Argyrophis koshunensis Oshima
- Atayal slug-eating snake β Pareas atayal You, Poyarkov & Lin, 2015
- Taiwan slug-eating snake β Pareas formosensis (Van Dengurgh)
- Formosa odd-scaled snake β Achalinus formosanus Boulenger
- Black odd-scaled snake β Achalinus niger Maki
- Maki's keelback β Hebius miyajimae Maki
- Swinhoe's grass snake β Rhabdophis swinhonis (GΓΌnther)
- Formosa coral snake β Sinomicrurus sauteri (Steindachner)
- Swinhoe's temperate Asian coralsnake β Sinomicrurus swinhoei (Van Dengurgh)
- Taiwan pit viper β Trimeresurus gracilis Oshima
Endemic amphibiansβ»
- Order Anura (frogs and toads)
- Central Formosa toad β Bufo bankorensis
- Stejneger's narrow-mouthed toad β Micryletta steinegeri
- Swinhoe's brown frog β Odorrana swinhoana
- Taipa frog β Rana longicrus
- Sauter's brown frog β Rana sauteri
- Ota's stream tree frog β Buergeria otai
- Robust Buerger's frog β Buergeria robusta]]
- Kurixalus berylliniris
- Temple treefrog β Kurixalus idiootocus
- Kurixalus wangi
- Farmland green treefrog β Zhangixalus arvalis
- Orange-belly treefrog β Zhangixalus aurantiventris
- Moltrecht's green tree frog β Rhacophorus moltrechti
- Emerald green treefrog β Rhacophorus prasinatus
- Taipei tree frog β Zhangixalus taipeianus
- Order Urodela (salamanders and newts)
- Alishan salamander β Hynobius arisanensis
- Formosan salamander β Hynobius formosanus
- Taiwan lesser salamander β Hynobius fuca
- Nanhu salamander β Hynobius glacialis
- Sonani's salamander β Hynobius sonani
Endemic freshwater fishesβ»
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- Order Cypriniformes (minnows and carp)
- Taitung river loach β Hemimyzon taitungensis Tzeng & Shen
- Formosan river loach β Hemimyzon formosanus (Boulenger)
- Shen's river loach β Hemimyzon sheni Chen & Fang
- River loach β Formosania lacustris (Steindachner)
- Pulin river loach β Sinogastromyzon puliensis Liang
- Metzia mesembrinum (Regan)
- Pararasbora moltrechti Regan
- Acrossocheilus paradoxus (GΓΌnther)
- Lake Candidus dace β Candidia barbata (Regan)
- Microphysogobio alticorpus Banarescu & Nalbant
- Taiwan ku fish β Onychostoma alticorpus (Oshima)
- Freshwater minnow β Opsariichthys pachycephalus GΓΌnther
- Gobiobotia cheni Banarescu & Nalbant
- Microphysogobio brevirostris (GΓΌnther)
- Aphyocypris kikuchii (Oshima)
- Squalidus iijimae (Oshima)
- Order Gobiiformes (gobies and their relatives)
- Goby β Cryptocentrus yatsui Tomiyama
- Goby β Myersina yangii (Chen)
- Goby β Rhinogobius candidianus Regan
- Goby β Rhinogobius gigas Aonuma & Chen
- Goby β Rhinogobius formosanus Oshima
- Goby β Rhinogobius nantaiensis Aonuma & Chen
- Goby β Rhinogobius henchuenensis Chen & Shao
- Goby β Rhinogobius delicatus Chen & Shao
- Goby β Rhinogobius maculafasciatus Chen & Shao
- Goby β Rhinogobius rubromaculatus Lee & Chang
- Goby β Rhinogobius lanyuensis Chen, Miller & Fang
- Order Siluriformes (catfishes)
- Formosan torrent catfish β Liobagrus formosanus Regan
- Bagrid catfish β Pseudobagrus adiposalis Oshima
- Bagrid catfish β Pseudobagrus brevianalis Regan
- Order Osmeriformes (smelts, galaxiids, and relatives)
- Ariake icefish β Neosalanx acuticeps Regan (endangered)
- Order Salmoniformes (salmons and trouts)
- Formosan landlocked salmon β Oncorhynchus formosanus (Jordan & Oshima)
Endemic floraβ»
![]() | This section needs expansion. You can help by, addingββto it. (September 2021) |
Cultivated crops endemic to Taiwan:
See alsoβ»
- List of protected species in Taiwan
- Category:Endemic flora of Taiwan
- Category:Endemic fauna of Taiwan
Referencesβ»
- ^ Hsieh, Chang-Fu (2002). "Composition, endemism and phytogeographical affinities of theββTaiwan Flora". Taiwania. 47 (4): 298β310. doi:10.6165/tai.2002.47(4).298.
- ^ Neosalanx acuticeps