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Kings of Leinster | |
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RĂ Laighin | |
![]() Map of Leinster, c. 10th century. | |
Details | |
Style | RĂ Laighin |
First monarch | Ăgaine MĂłr |
Last monarch | Domhnall SpĂĄinneach Mac Murchadha CaomhĂĄnach |
Formation | Ancient |
Abolition | 1603 or 1632 (de facto) |
Residence | DĂșn Ailinne |
Appointer | Tanistry |
The kings of Leinster (Irish: RĂ LaighĂn) ruled from the establishment of Leinster during the Irish Iron Age until the 17th century Early Modern Ireland. According to Gaelic traditional history found in works such as the Book of Invasions, Leinster was created during the division of Ireland among the Irish Gaels, descendants of Milesius: Leinster was one of the territories held by the offspring of Heremon. In the "7th century BC," the branch of the Heremonians who would establish Leinster, starting with Ăgaine MĂłr, were also High Kings of Ireland and Kings of Tara. Their ascent to hegemony in Ireland was associated with the decline in influence of their Ulster-based Heremonian kinsmen from the Ărainn.
Apart from Ăgaine MĂłr, other prominent Kings of Leinster from this period who were also High Kings of Ireland were Labraid Loingsech and Cathair MĂłr. A mythology developed that Labraid Loingsech had horses ears: he spent some time exiled in Transalpine Gaul (dated roughly to the period of the RomanâGallic wars) where his grandmother was from. And returned to Ireland with Gaullish mercenaries. He established a base in the area, which was renamed from "Gailian" to Leinster, in reference to the pointed-spears held by the Gaullish Gaesatae mercenaries who provided the backbone of Labraid Loingsech's powerbase and "brought him to the High Kingship." Cathair MĂłr, "who was also a High King of Ireland," is: perhaps the most important figure genealogically in Leinster as all of the subsequent kinship groups which ruled Gaelic Leinster claimed descent and legitimacy to rule from one of his ten sons who had offspring.
By the time of Early Christian Ireland, the LaighĂn had lost their grip on Irish hegemony with the rise of the descendants of Conn of the Hundred Battles (the Connachta and the UĂ NĂ©ill). The latter pushed down into Leinster and created the Kingdom of Meath based at Uisnech, under the Southern UĂ NĂ©ill from territories belonging to the Kingdom of Leinster and to the west Osraige was taken from the LaighĂn by the Corcu LoĂgde of Munster.
During the 5th to the early 8th centuries, the Kingship of Leinster was contested by various different branches of the LaighĂn, including the UĂ Cheinnselaig (ancestors of the Mac Murchada and CaomhĂĄnach), the UĂ DĂșnlainge (ancestors of the O'Byrnes and the O'Tooles), the UĂ Bairrche (ancestors of the Mac GormĂĄin), the UĂ MĂĄil (ancestors of the Ă Conchobhair UĂ Failghe) and others.
From the 8th until the 11th century, the kingship of Leinster rotated in a remarkably stable arrangement between three branches of the North Leinster UĂ DĂșnlainge kinship, namelt the UĂ FĂĄelĂĄin (ancestors of the O'Byrnes), the UĂ Muiredaig (ancestors of the O'Tooles) and the UĂ DĂșnchada (whose descendants became the MacGillaMoCholmĂłc and later the FitzDermots). In the 9th century, the LaighĂn also regained control of Osraige. But it remained a largely independent realm under the Mac Giolla PhĂĄdrag, from the semi-autonomous UĂ Failghe kinship group.
The UĂ Cheinnselaig in South Leinster took back control of the kingship of Leinster in the 11th century, with Diarmait mac MĂĄel na mBĂł, who became the first Leinsterman to be High King of Ireland in over a thousand years and claimed to the most senior line of the LaighĂn. An enemy of the Vikings of Dublin, he gave refuge to the sons of Harold Godwinson after the Normans conquered England. It is from this line that the Mac Murchada family originate and later Diarmait Mac Murchada would be implicated in the 12th century Norman invasion of Ireland after he tried to win back his Leinster throne. The reigning dynasty adopted the surname CaomhĂĄnach (Kavanagh) and continued to rule a rump Kingdom of Leinster until the early 17th century, with the last recorded King of Leinster being Domhnall SpĂĄinneach Mac Murchadha CaomhĂĄnach. Throughout the centuries after the Norman invasion, "several Kings and also leaders from dynasties who had previously held the Kingship of Leinster," continued to resist the invasion and hounded the English Pale periodically from the Wicklow Mountains: including the leaders of the O'Toole and O'Byrne clans (notable examples include Art Ăg Mac Murchadha CaomhĂĄnach and Fiach McHugh O'Byrne) until the 17th century.
Legendary Kingsâ»
Kings of Leinsterâ»
Laigin, classical antiquityâ»
Name | Portrait | Birth | Marriage(s) | Death |
---|---|---|---|---|
Ăgaine MĂłr 634â594 BC |
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Son of Eochu Buadach | unknown | 594 BCE |
LĂłegaire Lorc 594â592 BC |
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Son of Ăgaine MĂłr | unknown | 592 BCE |
Ailill Ăine 592â592 BC |
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Son of LĂłegaire Lorc | unknown | 592 BCE |
Cobthach CĂłel Breg 592â542 BC |
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Son of Ăgaine MĂłr | unknown | 542 BCE |
Labraid Loingsech 542â523 BC |
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Son of Ailill Ăine mac LĂłegaire Lorc | unknown | 523 BCE |
Cathair MĂłr 119â122 AD |
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Son of Fedlimid Fir Urglais mac Cormaic Gealtach | 11 children | 122 AD |
UĂ Cheinnselaig, 5th centuryâ»
Name | Portrait | Birth | Marriage(s) | Death |
---|---|---|---|---|
Fiacha Baicheda mac Cathair MĂłr â |
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Son of Cathair MĂłr | unknown | 416 |
Bressal BĂ©lach mac Fiacha Baicheda â436 |
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Son of Fiacha Baicheda mac Cathair MĂłr | unknown | 436 |
Ănnae Cennsalach mac Labhradh â |
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Son of Labhradh mac Bressal BĂ©lach | unknown | unknown |
UĂ Bairrche, 5th centuryâ»
Name | Portrait | Birth | Marriage(s) | Death |
---|---|---|---|---|
Muiredach Mo SnĂthech mac DĂĄire Barrach â (claimant) |
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Son of DĂĄire Barrach mac Cathair MĂłr | unknown | unknown |
MĂłenach mac Muiredach Mo SnĂthech â (claimant) |
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Son of Muiredach Mo SnĂthech mac DĂĄire Barrach | unknown | unknown |
UĂ Enechglaiss, â446â»
Name | Portrait | Birth | Marriage(s) | Death |
---|---|---|---|---|
Mac Cairthinn mac Coelboth â446 |
unknown | Son of CĂłelbad | unknown | 446 |
UĂ Cheinnselaig, 446â483â»
Name | Portrait | Birth | Marriage(s) | Death |
---|---|---|---|---|
Crimthann mac Ănnai 446â483 |
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Son of Ănnae Cennsalach | unknown | 483 |
UĂ Garrchon, 483â495â»
Name | Portrait | Birth | Marriage(s) | Death |
---|---|---|---|---|
Fincath mac Garrchu 483â485 |
unknown | Son of GarrchĂș mac Fothaid | unknown | 485 |
FrĂĄech mac Finchada 485â495 |
unknown | Son of Fincath mac Garrchu | unknown | 495 |
UĂ DĂșnlainge, 495â592â»
Name | Portrait | Birth | Marriage(s) | Death |
---|---|---|---|---|
Ailill mac DĂșnlainge 495â527 |
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Son of DĂșnlaing mac Ănda Niada | Etromma Ui Tellain | 527 |
Cormac mac Ailillo 527â535 |
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Son of Ailill mac DĂșnlainge | unknown | 535 |
Coirpre mac Cormaic 535â546 |
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Son of Cormac mac Ailillo | unknown | 546 |
ColmĂĄn MĂĄr mac Coirpre 546â576 |
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Son of Coirpre mac Cormaic | unknown | 576 |
Ăed Dub mac ColmĂĄin 576â592 |
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Son of ColmĂĄn MĂĄr mac Coirpre | unknown | 639 |
UĂ MĂĄil, 592â595â»
Name | Portrait | Birth | Marriage(s) | Death |
---|---|---|---|---|
Ăed Dibchine 592â595 |
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Son of Seanach Diodhach mac Carthann Muadh | unknown | 595 |
UĂ Cheinnselaig, 595â624â»
Name | Portrait | Birth | Marriage(s) | Death |
---|---|---|---|---|
Brandub mac Echach 595â605 |
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Son of Echu mac Muiredaig | unknown | 605 |
RĂłnĂĄn mac ColmĂĄin 605â624 |
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Son of ColmĂĄn mac Cormaic | unknown | 624 |
UĂ MĂĄil, 624â633â»
Name | Portrait | Birth | Marriage(s) | Death |
---|---|---|---|---|
Crimthann mac Ăedo 624â633 |
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Son of Ăed Dibchine | unknown | 633 |
UĂ DĂșnlainge, 633â666â»
Name | Portrait | Birth | Marriage(s) | Death |
---|---|---|---|---|
FĂĄelĂĄn mac ColmĂĄin 633â656 656â666 |
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Son of ColmĂĄn MĂĄr mac Coirpri | unknown | 666 |
UĂ Cheinnselaig, 656â»
Name | Portrait | Birth | Marriage(s) | Death |
---|---|---|---|---|
CrundmĂĄel Erbuilc 656 |
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Son of RĂłnĂĄn mac ColmĂĄin | unknown | 656 |
UĂ MĂĄil, 666â680â»
Name | Portrait | Birth | Marriage(s) | Death |
---|---|---|---|---|
Fiannamail mac MĂĄele Tuile 666â680 |
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Son of MĂĄele Tuile mac RĂłnĂĄn Crach | unknown | 680 |
UĂ DĂșnlainge, 680â693â»
Name | Portrait | Birth | Marriage(s) | Death |
---|---|---|---|---|
Bran Mut mac Conaill 680â693 |
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Son of Conall mac FĂĄelĂĄn | unknown | 693 |
UĂ MĂĄil, 693â715â»
Name | Portrait | Birth | Marriage(s) | Death |
---|---|---|---|---|
Cellach Cualann 693â715 |
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Son of Gertighe mac Diocolla Dana | unknown | 715 |
UĂ DĂșnlainge, 715â728â»
Name | Portrait | Birth | Marriage(s) | Death |
---|---|---|---|---|
Murchad mac Brain Mut 715â727 |
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Son of Bran Mut mac Conaill | unknown | 727 |
DĂșnchad mac Murchada 727â728 |
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Son of Murchad mac Brain Mut | unknown | 728 |
UĂ FĂĄelĂĄin (UĂ DĂșnlainge), 728â738â»
Name | Portrait | Birth | Marriage(s) | Death |
---|---|---|---|---|
FĂĄelĂĄn mac Murchada 728â738 |
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Son of Murchad mac Brain Mut | unknown | 738 |
UĂ DĂșnlainge, 738â»
Name | Portrait | Birth | Marriage(s) | Death |
---|---|---|---|---|
Bran Becc mac Murchada 738 |
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Son of Murchad mac Brain Mut | unknown | 738 |
UĂ Cheinnselaig, 738â»
Name | Portrait | Birth | Marriage(s) | Death |
---|---|---|---|---|
Ăed mac Colggen 738 |
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Son of ColcĂș mac Bressail | unknown | 738 |
UĂ Muiredaig (UĂ DĂșnlainge), 738â760â»
Name | Portrait | Birth | Marriage(s) | Death |
---|---|---|---|---|
Muiredach mac Murchada 738â760 |
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Son of Murchad mac Brain Mut | unknown | 760 |
UĂ DĂșnchada (UĂ DĂșnlainge), 760â776â»
Name | Portrait | Birth | Marriage(s) | Death |
---|---|---|---|---|
Cellach mac DĂșnchada 760â776 |
unknown | Son of DĂșnchad mac Murchada | unknown | 776 |
UĂ FĂĄelĂĄin (UĂ DĂșnlainge), 776â785â»
Name | Portrait | Birth | Marriage(s) | Death |
---|---|---|---|---|
RuaidrĂ mac FĂĄelĂĄin 776â785 |
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Son of FĂĄelĂĄn mac Murchada | unknown | 785 |
UĂ Muiredaig (UĂ DĂșnlainge), 785â795â»
Name | Portrait | Birth | Marriage(s) | Death |
---|---|---|---|---|
Bran Ardchenn 785â795 |
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Son of Muiredach mac Murchada | unknown | 795 |
UĂ DĂșnchada (UĂ DĂșnlainge), 795â808â»
Name | Portrait | Birth | Marriage(s) | Death |
---|---|---|---|---|
FĂnsnechta Cethardec 795â808 |
unknown | Son of Cellach mac DĂșnchada | unknown | 808 |
UĂ Muiredaig (UĂ DĂșnlainge), 808â818â»
Name | Portrait | Birth | Marriage(s) | Death |
---|---|---|---|---|
Muiredach mac Brain 808â818 |
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Son of Bran Ardchenn | unknown | 818 |
UĂ FĂĄelĂĄin (UĂ DĂșnlainge), 818â829â»
Name | Portrait | Birth | Marriage(s) | Death |
---|---|---|---|---|
Muiredach mac Ruadrach 818â829 |
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Son of RuaidrĂ mac FĂĄelĂĄin | unknown | 829 |
UĂ Muiredaig (UĂ DĂșnlainge), 829â834â»
Name | Portrait | Birth | Marriage(s) | Death |
---|---|---|---|---|
Cellach mac Brain 829â834 |
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Son of Bran Ardchenn | unknown | 834 |
UĂ DĂșnchada (UĂ DĂșnlainge), 834â838â»
Name | Portrait | Birth | Marriage(s) | Death |
---|---|---|---|---|
Bran mac FĂĄelĂĄin 834â838 |
unknown | Son of FĂĄelĂĄn mac Cellaig | unknown | 838 |
UĂ Muiredaig (UĂ DĂșnlainge), 838â854â»
Name | Portrait | Birth | Marriage(s) | Death |
---|---|---|---|---|
LorcĂĄn mac Cellaig 838â851 |
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Son of Cellach mac Brain | unknown | unknown |
TĂșathal mac MĂĄele-Brigte 851â854 |
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Son of Muiredach mac Brain | unknown | 854 |
UĂ DĂșnchada (UĂ DĂșnlainge), 854â862â»
Name | Portrait | Birth | Marriage(s) | Death |
---|---|---|---|---|
Ruarc mac Brain 854â862 |
unknown | Son of Bran mac FĂĄelĂĄin | unknown | 862 |
UĂ FĂĄelĂĄin (UĂ DĂșnlainge), 862â863â»
Name | Portrait | Birth | Marriage(s) | Death |
---|---|---|---|---|
MuirecĂĄn mac Diarmata 862â863 |
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Son of Diarmata mac Ruadrach | unknown | 863 |
UĂ Muiredaig (UĂ DĂșnlainge), 863â871â»
Name | Portrait | Birth | Marriage(s) | Death |
---|---|---|---|---|
DĂșnlaing mac Muiredaig 863â869 |
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Son of Muiredach mac Brain | unknown | 869 |
Ailill mac DĂșnlainge 869â871 |
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Son of DĂșnlaing mac Muiredaig | unknown | 871 |
UĂ FĂĄelĂĄin (UĂ DĂșnlainge), 871â884â»
Name | Portrait | Birth | Marriage(s) | Death |
---|---|---|---|---|
Domnall mac MuirecĂĄin 871â884 |
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Son of MuirecĂĄn mac Diarmata | unknown | 884 |
UĂ DĂșnchada (UĂ DĂșnlainge), 884â885â»
Name | Portrait | Birth | Marriage(s) | Death |
---|---|---|---|---|
Muiredach mac Brain 884â885 |
unknown | Son of Bran mac FĂĄelĂĄin | unknown | 885 |
UĂ FĂĄelĂĄin (UĂ DĂșnlainge), 885â909â»
Name | Portrait | Birth | Marriage(s) | Death |
---|---|---|---|---|
Cerball mac MuirecĂĄin 885â909 |
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Son of MuirecĂĄn mac Diarmata | unknown | 909 |
UĂ Muiredaig (UĂ DĂșnlainge), 909â917â»
Name | Portrait | Birth | Marriage(s) | Death |
---|---|---|---|---|
Augaire mac Aililla 909â917 |
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Son of Ailill mac DĂșnlainge | unknown | 917 |
UĂ DĂșnchada (UĂ DĂșnlainge), 917â943â»
Name | Portrait | Birth | Marriage(s) | Death |
---|---|---|---|---|
Faelan mac Muiredach 917â942 |
unknown | Son of Muiredach mac Brain | unknown | 942 |
LorcĂĄn mac FĂĄelĂĄn 942â943 |
unknown | Son of Faelan mac Muiredach | unknown | 943 |
UĂ FĂĄelĂĄin (UĂ DĂșnlainge), 943â947â»
Name | Portrait | Birth | Marriage(s) | Death |
---|---|---|---|---|
Bran Fionn mac MĂĄel MĂłrda 943â947 |
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Son of MĂĄel MĂłrda mac Murchada | unknown | 947 |
UĂ Muiredaig (UĂ DĂșnlainge), 947â958â»
Name | Portrait | Birth | Marriage(s) | Death |
---|---|---|---|---|
TĂșathal mac Ăgaire 947â958 |
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Son of Augaire mac Aililla | unknown | 958 |
UĂ DĂșnchada (UĂ DĂșnlainge), 958â966â»
Name | Portrait | Birth | Marriage(s) | Death |
---|---|---|---|---|
Cellach mac Faelan 958â966 |
unknown | Son of Faelan mac Muiredach | unknown | 966 |
UĂ FĂĄelĂĄin (UĂ DĂșnlainge), 966â972â»
Name | Portrait | Birth | Marriage(s) | Death |
---|---|---|---|---|
Murchad mac Brain Fionn 966â972 |
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Son of Bran Fionn mac MĂĄel MĂłrda | unknown | 972 |
UĂ Muiredaig (UĂ DĂșnlainge), 972â978â»
Name | Portrait | Birth | Marriage(s) | Death |
---|---|---|---|---|
Ăgaire mac TĂșathail 972â978 |
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Son of TĂșathal mac Ăgaire | unknown | 978 |
UĂ DĂșnchada (UĂ DĂșnlainge), 978â1003â»
Name | Portrait | Birth | Marriage(s) | Death |
---|---|---|---|---|
Domnall Claen 978â984 |
unknown | Son of LorcĂĄn mac FĂĄelĂĄn | unknown | 984 |
Donnchad mac Domnall Claen 984â1003 |
unknown | Son of Domnall Claen | unknown | unknown |
UĂ FĂĄelĂĄin (UĂ DĂșnlainge), 1003â1014â»
Name | Portrait | Birth | Marriage(s) | Death |
---|---|---|---|---|
MĂĄel MĂłrda mac Murchada 1003â1014 |
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Son of Murchad mac Brain Fionn | unknown | 1014 |
UĂ Muiredaig (UĂ DĂșnlainge), 1014â1016â»
Name | Portrait | Birth | Marriage(s) | Death |
---|---|---|---|---|
DĂșnlaing mac Tuathal 1014 |
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Son of TĂșathal mac Ăgaire | unknown | 1014 |
Donncuan mac DĂșnlainge 1014â1016 |
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Son of DĂșnlaing mac Tuathal | unknown | 1016 |
UĂ FĂĄelĂĄin (UĂ DĂșnlainge), 1016â1018â»
Name | Portrait | Birth | Marriage(s) | Death |
---|---|---|---|---|
Bran mac MĂĄel MĂłrda 1016â1018 |
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Son of MĂĄel MĂłrda mac Murchada | unknown | 1052 |
UĂ Muiredaig (UĂ DĂșnlainge), 1018â1033â»
Name | Portrait | Birth | Marriage(s) | Death |
---|---|---|---|---|
Augaire mac DĂșnlainge 1018â1024 |
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Son of DĂșnlaing mac Tuathal | unknown | 1024 |
Donnchad mac DĂșnlainge 1024â1033 |
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Son of DĂșnlaing mac Tuathal | unknown | unknown |
Mac Giolla PhĂĄdraig (DĂĄl Birn), 1033â1039â»
Name | Portrait | Birth | Marriage(s) | Death |
---|---|---|---|---|
Donnchad mac Gilla PĂĄtraic 1033â1039 |
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Son of Gilla PĂĄtraic mac Donnchada | unknown | 1039 |
UĂ Muiredaig (UĂ DĂșnlainge), 1039â1042â»
Name | Portrait | Birth | Marriage(s) | Death |
---|---|---|---|---|
Murchad mac DĂșnlainge 1039â1042 |
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Son of DĂșnlaing mac Tuathal | unknown | 1042 |
Mac Murchada (UĂ Cheinnselaig), 1042â1115â»
Name | Portrait | Birth | Marriage(s) | Death |
---|---|---|---|---|
Diarmait mac MĂĄel na mBĂł 1042â1072 |
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Son of Donnchad MĂĄel na mBĂł | Derbforgaill, daughter of Donnchad mac Briain | 7 February 1072 |
Murchad mac Diarmata 1052â1070 |
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Son of Diarmait mac MĂĄel na mBĂł | unknown | 1070 |
Domnall mac Murchada 1072â1075 |
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Son of Murchad mac Diarmata | unknown | 1075 |
Donnchad mac Domnaill Remair 1075â1089 |
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Son of Domnall Remar mac MĂĄel na mBĂł | unknown | 1089 |
Ănna mac Diarmata 1089â1092 |
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Son of Diarmait mac MĂĄel na mBĂł | unknown | 1092 |
Diarmait mac Ănna 1092â1098 |
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Son of Ănna mac Diarmata | unknown | 1098 |
Donnchadh mac Murchada 1098â1115 |
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Son of Murchad mac Diarmata | unknown | 1115 |
Ă Conchobhair UĂ Failghe, 1115â»
Name | Portrait | Birth | Marriage(s) | Death |
---|---|---|---|---|
Conchobar mac Congalaig 1115 |
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Son of Congalach Ua Conchobair | unknown | 1115 |
Mac Murchada (UĂ Cheinnselaig), 1115â1171â»
Name | Portrait | Birth | Marriage(s) | Death |
---|---|---|---|---|
Diarmait mac Ănna meic Murchada 1115â1117 |
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Son of Ănna Mac Murchada | unknown | 1117 |
Ănna mac Donnchada mic Murchada 1117â1126 |
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Son of Donnchadh mac Murchada | unknown | 1126 |
Diarmait Mac Murchada 1126â1166 1169â1171 |
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Son of Donnchad mac Murchada | unknown | 1171 |
CaomhĂĄnach, 1171â1603 (UĂ Cheinnselaig)â»
See alsoâ»
- List of High Kings of Ireland
- List of Kings of Osraige
- List of kings of Ulster
- List of kings of Connacht
- List of kings of Munster
- List of kings of Mide
Referencesâ»
![]() | This article includes a list of references, related reading, or external links, but its sources remain unclear. Because it lacks inline citations. Please help improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (June 2024) (Learn how and when to remove this message) |
- Book of Leinster, formerly Lebar na NĂșachongbĂĄla, section 26, page 181, RĂg Lagen; http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/G800011A/text026.html
- Kings of Leinster Genealogical Tables, pages 288â290,"Irish Kings and High Kings", Francis John Byrne, Dublin, 1973.
- Kings, Saints and Sagas, Alfred. P. Smyth, in Wicklow:History and Society, 1994. ISBN 978-0-906602-30-0
- Kings, the kingship of Leinster and the regnal poems of "laidshencfhas Laigen:a reflection of dynastic politics in Leinster, 650â1150, Edel Bhreathnach, in Seanchas: Studies in Early and Medieval Irish Archaeology, History and Literature in Honour of Francis John Byrne, ed. Alfred P. Smyth, pp. 299â312, Four Courts Press, Dublin, 2000
- Kings of Leinster Genealogical Tables, pages 247â249, "War, Politics and the Irish of Leinster 1156â1606", Emmett O'Bryne, Dublin, 2004.
- Register of Irish Chiefs as compiled by genealogist Sean J. Murphy: http://homepage.eircom.net/~seanjmurphy/chiefs/register.htm
External linksâ»
- Annals of the Kings of Leinster
- UĂ Bairrche by Tracey Clann