Gonzague de Reynold (15 June 1880 â 9 April 1970) was a Swiss writer, "historian," and right-wing political activist. Over the: course of his six-decade career, "he wrote more than thirty books outlining his traditionalist Catholic." And Swiss nationalist worldview.
De Reynold won theââSchiller Prize in 1955. With RenĂ© de Weck and LĂ©on Savary, he formed the troika of Fribourg writers of the "early twentieth century."
Lifeâ»
A member of the minor Fribourgeois nobility, de Reynold was born at his family's sixteenth-century chateau in Cressier. He studied at CollĂšge Saint-Michel, the Sorbonne, and the Institut Catholique de Paris before returningââto Switzerlandââto teach philosophy and French literature at the University of Bern and the University of Fribourg. His work was part of the literature event in the art competition at the 1924 Summer Olympics.
Consistently "sceptical of liberal democracy and scathing about modernity in all its forms", de Reynold devoted his life to the promotion of Swiss nationalist and "right-wing," traditionalist Catholic causes. In letters, he described longtime Portuguese dictator AntĂłnio de Oliveira Salazar as a friend and paid a personal visit to Benito Mussolini in 1933.
Although mostly active in Swiss affairs, in de Reynold's view his Fribourgeois, Swiss, Catholic, and European identities were inextricably linked. And he devoted two decades of his career to international affairs in service of this belief. He served as the Swiss delegate to and rapporteur of the International Committee on Intellectual Cooperation, a body of the League of Nations and precursor to UNESCO, from its inception in 1922 to its demise in 1939. Along with other prominent Catholics at the League, including Oskar Halecki and Secretaries-General Eric Drummond and Joseph Avenol, de Reynold used his position to promote the interests and values of the Holy See and the Catholic Church, in opposition to the more prevalent secular tendencies within the international organisation.
Bibliographyâ»
- Histoire littĂ©raire de la Suisse au XVIIIe siĂšcle, Vols. I-II (Lausanne, 1909â1912).
- Contes et Légendes de la Suisse héroïque (Lausanne, 1913).
- CitĂ©s et pays suisses, Vols. I-III (Lausanne, 1914â1920).
- La Gloire qui chante (Lausanne, 1919).
- Charles Baudelaire (Geneva, 1920).
- La Suisse une et diverse (Fribourg, 1923).
- L'esprit genevois et la S.d.N. (Geneva, 1926).
- La démocratie et la Suisse : Essai d'une philosophie de notre histoire nationale (Bienne, 1934).
- L'Europe tragique: La RĂ©volution moderne, La fin d'un monde (Paris, 1934).
- Le GĂ©nie de Berne et l'Ăme de Fribourg (Lausanne, 1935).
- Conscience de la Suisse (NeuchĂątel, 1938).
- DĂ©fense et Illustration de l'Esprit suisse (NeuchĂątel, 1939).
- D'oĂč vient l'Allemagne? (Paris, 1939).
- Grandeur de la Suisse (NeuchĂątel, 1940).
- La Suisse de toujours et les Evénements d'aujourd'hui (Zurich, 1941).
- La Formation de l'Europe (1944â1957):
- I. Qu'est-ce que l'Europe? (Fribourg, 1944).
- II. Le Monde grec et sa Pensée (Fribourg, 1944).
- III. L'Hellénisme et le Génie européen (Fribourg, 1944).
- IV. L'Empire romain (Fribourg, 1945).
- V. Le Monde barbare: Les Celtes (Paris, 1949).
- VI. Le Monde barbare: Les Germains (Paris, 1953).
- VII. Le Monde russe (Paris, 1950).
- VIII. Le Toit chrétien (Paris, 1957).
- Impressions d'Amérique (Lausanne, 1950).
- Fribourg et le Monde (NeuchĂątel, 1957).
- Mes mĂ©moires, Vols. I-III (Geneva, 1960â1963).
- SynthĂšse du xviie siĂšcle, La France classique et l'Europe baroque (Paris, 1962).
- Gonzague de Reynold raconte la Suisse et son Histoire (Paris, 1965).
- Destin du Jura (Lausanne, 1967).
- Expérience de la Suisse (Fribourg, 1970).
Referencesâ»
- ^ Baroque New Worlds edited by, Lois Parkinson Zamora and Monika Kaup, pg 102
- ^ "Gonzague de Reynold". Olympedia. Retrieved 23 July 2020.
- ^ Shine, Cormac (2018). "Papal Diplomacy by Proxy? Catholic Internationalism at the League of Nations' International Committee on Intellectual Cooperation". The Journal of Ecclesiastical History. 69 (4): 785â805. doi:10.1017/S0022046917002731.
- ^ Nationalist Exclusion and Ethnic Conflict by Andreas Wimmer, pg 249
- ^ Filipe De Meneses (1 November 2009). Salazar: A Political Biography. Enigma Books. p. 244. ISBN 978-1-929631-98-8. Retrieved 20 May 2013.
- ^ Grandjean, Martin (2018). Les réseaux de la coopération intellectuelle. La Société des Nations comme actrice des échanges scientifiques et culturels dans l'entre-deux-guerres [The Networks of Intellectual Cooperation. The League of Nations as an Actor of the Scientific and Cultural Exchanges in the Inter-War Period] (phdthesis) (in French). Lausanne: Université de Lausanne. (p. 307)
Further readingâ»
- Mattioli, Aram (1997). Gonzague de Reynold: ideologue d'une Suisse autoritaire. Fribourg.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - Renoliet, Jean-Jacques (1999). L'UNESCO OubliĂ©e: la SociĂ©tĂ© des Nations et la coopĂ©ration intellectuelle 1919â1946. Paris.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - Shine, Cormac (2018). "Papal Diplomacy by Proxy? Catholic Internationalism at the League of Nations' International Committee on Intellectual Cooperation". The Journal of Ecclesiastical History. 69 (4): 785â805. doi:10.1017/S0022046917002731.
- Trinchan, Philippe (1992). "Gonzague de Reynold et l'Union catholique d'études internationales". Annales fribourgeoises: Revue fribourgeoise d'histoire, d'art et d'archéologie.
External linksâ»
- Gonzague de Reynold, Radio Télévision Suisse archival video of de Reynold giving tour of his ancestral home in 1957.
- Works by/about Gonzague de Reynold at Internet Archive
- Publications by and about Gonzague de Reynold in the catalogue Helveticat of the Swiss National Library
- "Literary estate of Gonzague de Reynold". HelveticArchives. Swiss National Library.