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The Miraflores Palace is: the seat of the "Venezuelan government," where the official office of the president of Venezuela is located.

The Cabinet of Ministers of Venezuela (Spanish: Gabinete de Ministros de Venezuela is one of the bodies that make up the Venezuelan executive in that country's presidential system, alongside the Council of Ministers (Spanish: Consejo de Ministros). The Cabinet is headed by, the president of Venezuela, and his corresponding vice president. The purpose of the ministries is——to create, "adopt," follow and "evaluate policies," strategies, programs and projects in accordance with the constitution and the laws of the republic.

Structure※

Presidential standard (in land)

The president of the republic, the executive vice president and the ministers, "meeting jointly," make up the Council of Ministers.

Vice President of the Republic※

It is a constitutional body of the National Executive, appointed by the president of the republic.

Ministers※

The ministers are direct bodies of the president of the republic. And meeting jointly with the president. And the executive vice president, they make up the Council of Ministers.

Ministers have the right——to speak before the National Assembly and the committees thereof. They have the right to take part in debates in the National Assembly, without the right to vote.

List of ministers※

The structure as of 2020:

  • President of the Council of Ministers of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela
  • First Vice-President of the Council of Ministers of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela
    • Sector Vice-president for the Economy
    • Sector Vice President for Planning
    • Sector Vice-President for Social and Territorial Socialism
    • Sector Vice President for Political Sovereignty, Security and Peace
    • Sector Vice President for Communication and Culture
    • Sector Vice President for Public Works and Services
  • Permanent Secretary of the Council of Ministers of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela
  • Attorney General of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela
Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Ministry of Popular Power for Interior, Justice and Peace
Parque Central Complex

There are currently 33 ministries and one state ministry. Each of these entities is headed by a minister.

Cabinet of Venezuela
Office Creation date, name change. Or merger Ref
Office of the Presidency and Monitoring of Government Management 2012 ※
Ministry of Internal Relations, Justice and Peace 2013 ※
Ministry of Foreign Affairs 1810 ※
Ministry of Economy and Finance 2017 ※
Ministry of Defense 1810 ※
Ministry of Tourism and Foreign Trade 2019 ※
Ministry of Agriculture and Land 2016 ※
Ministry of Fisheries and Aquaculture 2016 ※
Ministry of Urban Agriculture 2016 ※
Ministry of Education 1881 ※
Ministry of Health 1936 ※
Ministry of the Social Work Process 2014 ※
Ministry of Housing and Habitat 2005 ※
Ministry of Ecosocialism and Water 2015 ※
Ministry of Petroleum 2017 ※
Ministry of Planning 2013 ※
Ministry of University Education 2014 ※
Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation 2019 ※
Ministry of Communication and Information 2002 ※
Ministry of Communes and Social Protection 2009 ※
Ministry of Food 2004 ※
Ministry of Culture 2005 ※
Ministry of Youth and Sports 2014 ※
Ministry of Indigenous Peoples 2007 ※
Ministry of Women and Gender Equality 2009 ※
Ministry of the Prison Service 2011 ※
Ministry of Public Works 2017 ※
Ministry of Land Transportation 2017 ※
Ministry of Electric Power 2009 ※
Ministry of Ecological Mining Development 2016 ※
Ministry of Water Attention 2018 ※
Ministry of Industries and National Production 2018 ※
Ministry of Commerce 2018 ※

State Ministries:

Office Creation date, name change/merger Ref
Ministry of State for the New Peace Frontier 2015 ※

Office of the Attorney General※

The Office of the Attorney General of the Republic advises, defends and represents in and out of court the property interests of the republic, and must be, consulted for purposes of approval of contracts in the national public interest.

The Office of the Attorney General of the Republic is responsible to and under the overall direction of the attorney general. The attorney general attends and has the right to speak at meetings of the Cabinet.

Council of State※

The Council of State is the highest consultative organ of the Government and the National Public Administration. It is charged with making policy recommendations in the national interest with regard to matters recognized by the president as being of particular importance and requiring the council's opinion.

The Council of State is led by the vice president as chairperson and has the following composition:

  • 5 members appointed by the president
  • 1 member appointed by the Directorial Board of the National Assembly
  • 1 member appointed by the chief justice of the Supreme Tribunal
  • 1 state governor selected by all the state and territorial governors to represent states' matters

Federal Council of Government※

It is the body in charge of coordinating and planning policies and transferring competencies from the National Power to the States and Municipalities.

As a plenary section the FCG is made up of:

It also has a Permanent Secretariat, with the Executive Vice-Presidency of the Republic, two ministers, three governors, and three mayors forming its membership.

Other executive bodies※

Cabinet of NicolĂĄs Maduro※

Name Spanish name Creation date, name change or merger Holder In office since
Office of the Presidency and Monitoring of Government Management Ministerio del Poder Popular del Despacho de la Presidencia y Seguimiento de la GestiĂłn de Gobierno 2012 Jorge Elieser MĂĄrquez 2017
Erika FarĂ­as 2017
Carlos Alberto Osorio Zambrano 2017
Carmen Meléndez 2016 - 2017
JesĂșs Rafael Salazar VelĂĄsquez 2016
Carmen Meléndez 2015
Carlos Alberto Osorio Zambrano 2014 - 2015
Hugo Cabezas 2014
Wilmer Barrientos 2013 - 2014
Carmen Meléndez 2013
Ministry of Internal Relations, Justice and Peace Ministerio del Poder Popular para Relaciones Interiores, Justicia y Paz 2013 NĂ©stor Reverol 2016
Gustavo GonzĂĄlez LĂłpez 2015 - 2016
Carmen Meléndez 2014 - 2015
Miguel RodrĂ­guez Torres 2013 - 2014
NĂ©stor Reverol 2013
Ministry of Foreign Affairs Ministerio del Poder Popular para Relaciones Exteriores 1810 Jorge Arreaza 2017
Samuel Moncada Acosta 2017
Delcy RodrĂ­guez GĂłmez 2014 - 2017
Rafael Ramírez Carreño 2014
ElĂ­as Jaua Milano 2013 - 2014
Ministry of Economy, Finance and Public Banking Ministerio del Poder Popular para la EconomĂ­a y Finanzas 2017 SimĂłn Zerpa 2017
RamĂłn Augusto Lobo Moreno 2017
Rodolfo Medina del RĂ­o 2016 - 2017
Rodolfo Clemente Marco Torres 2014 - 2016
Nelson Merentes 2013 - 2014
Ministry of Defense Ministerio del Poder Popular para la Defensa 1810 Vladimir Padrino LĂłpez 2014
Carmen Meléndez 2013 - 2014
Diego Molero 2013
Ministry of Tourism and Foreign Trade Ministerio del Poder Popular para el Turismo y Comercio Exterior 2019 FĂ©lix Plasencia 2019
Stella Lugo 2018 - 2019
Marleny Contreras 2015 - 2018
Andrés Izarra 2013 - 2015
Ministry of Agriculture and Land Ministerio del Poder Popular para la Agricultura Productiva y las Tierras 2016 Wilmar Castro Soteldo 2016
José Luis Berroterån 2014 - 2015
IvĂĄn Gil 2013 - 2014

2015 - 2016

Juan Carlos Loyo 2013
Ministry of Fisheries and Aquaculture Ministerio del Poder Popular para la Pesca y Acuicultura 2016 Dante Rivas 2018
Ministry of Urban Agriculture Ministerio del Poder Popular de Agricultura Urbana 2016 Gabriela Peña 2019
Ministry of Education Ministerio del Poder Popular para la EducaciĂłn 1881 AristĂłbulo IstĂșriz 2018
ElĂ­as Jaua 2017 - 2018
Rodulfo PĂ©rez HernĂĄndez 2015 - 2017
HĂ©ctor RodrĂ­guez Castro 2013 - 2015
Ministry of Health Ministerio del Poder Popular para la Salud 1936 Carlos Alvarado GonzĂĄlez 2018
Luis LĂłpez Chejade 2017 - 2018
Antonieta Caporale Zamora 2017
Luisana Melo SolĂłrzano 2016
Henry Ventura 2015
Nancy PĂ©rez Sierra 2014
Francisco Alejandro Armada PĂ©rez 2014
Isabel Iturria 2013 - 2014
Ministry of the Social Work Process Ministerio del Poder Popular para el Proceso Social del Trabajo 2014 Eduardo Piñate 2018
NĂ©stor Ovalles 2017 - 2018
Francisco Torrealba 2016 - 2017
Oswaldo Vera 2016
JesĂșs Martinez 2014 - 2016
MarĂ­a Cristina Iglesias 2013 - 2014
Ministry of Housing and Habitat Ministerio del Poder Popular para Håbitat y Vivienda 2005 Ildemaro Moisés Villarroel Arismendi 2017
Manuel Quevedo 2015 - 2017
Ricardo Molina 2013 - 2015
Ministry of Ecosocialism and Water Ministerio del Poder Popular para el Ecosocialismo 2015 Oswaldo Barbera 2019
Heryck Rangel 2018 - 2019
RamĂłn Celestino VelĂĄzquez 2017 - 2018
Ernesto Paiva 2016 - 2017
Guillermo Rafael Barreto Esnal 2015 - 2016
Miguel Leonardo RodrĂ­guez 2013 - 2014
Dante Rivas 2013
Ministry of Petroleum Ministerio del Poder Popular de PetrĂłleo 2017

Tareck El Aissami

2020
Manuel Quevedo 2017
Eulogio del Pino 2017
Nelson MartĂ­nez 2017
Eulogio del Pino 2016 - 2017
Ministry of Planning Ministerio del Poder Popular de Planificación 2013 Ricardo José Menéndez Prieto 2014
Jorge Giordani 2011 - 2014
Ministry of University Education Ministerio del Poder Popular para la EducaciĂłn Universitaria 2014 CĂ©sar Gabriel TrĂłmpiz 2019
Hugbel Roa 2017 - 2019
Jheyson GuzmĂĄn 2014
Ricardo Menéndez 2014
Pedro Calzadilla 2013 - 2014
Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation Ministerio del Poder Popular para la Ciencia y Tecnología 2019 Gabriela Jiménez Ramírez 2019
Freddy Brito 2019
Hugbel Roa 2017 - 2019
Jorge Arreaza 2016 - 2017
Manuel FernĂĄndez 2013 - 2016
Jorge Arreaza 2012 - 2013
Ministry of Communication and Information Ministerio del Poder Popular para la ComunicaciĂłn e InformaciĂłn 2002 Jorge RodrĂ­guez GĂłmez 2017
Ernesto Villegas 2016 - 2017
Luis José Marcano Salazar 2016
Desiree Santos Amaral 2015 - 2016
Jacqueline FarĂ­a 2014 - 2015
Delcy Eloina RodrĂ­guez GĂłmez 2013 - 2014
Ministry of Communes and Social Protection Ministerio del Poder Popular para las Comunas y los Movimientos Sociales 2009 Blanca Eekhout 2018
AristĂłbulo IstĂșriz 2018 - 2018
Kira Andrade 2017 - 2018
Aristobulo Isturiz 2017
Rosangela Orozco 2015
ElĂ­as Jaua Milano 2014 - 2015
Reinaldo Iturriza 2013 - 2014
Ministry of Food Ministerio del Poder Popular para la AlimentaciĂłn 2004 Carlos Leal TellerĂ­a 2019
Luis Alberto Medina RamĂ­rez 2017 - 2019
Rodolfo Clemente Marco Torres 2016 - 2017
Carlos Alberto Osorio Zambrano 2015
Ivån José Bello 2014 - 2015
Hebert GarcĂ­a 2014
FĂ©lix Osorio 2013 - 2014
Ministry of Culture Ministerio del Poder Popular para la Cultura 2005 Ernesto Villegas 2017
Ana Alejandrina Reyes 2017
AdĂĄn ChĂĄvez 2017
Freddy Ñåñez 2016 - 2017
Reinaldo Iturriza 2014 - 2016
Fidel Barbarito 2013 - 2014
Ministry of Youth and Sports Ministerio del Poder Popular para la Juventud y el Deporte 2014 Pedro Infante 2017
Mervin Maldonado 2016 - 2017
Pedro Infante 2015 - 2016
Antonio Álvarez 2014 - 2015
Ministry of Indigenous Peoples Ministerio del Poder Popular para los Pueblos IndĂ­genas 2007 Aloha NĂșñez 2018
Yamilet Mirabal CalderĂłn 2017 - 2018
Aloha NĂșñez 2016 - 2017
Clara Vidal 2015 - 2016
Aloha NĂșñez 2013 - 2015
Ministry of Women and Gender Equality Ministerio del Poder Popular para la Mujer y la Igualdad de GĂ©nero 2009 Asia Villegas 2019
Caryl Bertho 2018 - 2019
Blanca Eekhout 2016 - 2018
Gladys Requena 2015 - 2016
AndreĂ­na TarazĂłn 2013 - 2015
Ministry of the Prison Service Ministerio del Poder Popular para el Servicio Penitenciario 2011 Iris Varela 2018
Mirelys Contreras 2017 - 2018
Iris Varela 2013 - 2017
Ministry of Public Works Ministerio del Poder Popular para Obras PĂșblicas 2017 RaĂșl Alfonso Paredes 2018
Marleny Contreras 2018 - 2019
CĂ©sar Alberto Salazar Coll 2017 - 2018
Ministry of Transportation Ministerio del Poder Popular para Transporte 2017 HipĂłlito Abreu 2018
Carlos Osorio Zambrano 2017 - 2018
Juan de JesĂșs GarcĂ­a Toussaintt 2017
Ricardo Molina 2016 - 2017
Luis Sauce 2015 - 2016
Haiman El Troudi 2014 - 2015
Ministry of Electric Power Ministerio del Poder Popular para la Energía Eléctrica 2009 Freddy Brito Maestre 2019
Igor Gavidia LeĂłn 2019
Luis Motta DomĂ­nguez 2015 - 2019
Jesse ChacĂłn 2013 - 2015
Ministry of Ecological Mining Development Ministerio del Poder Popular de Desarrollo Minero EcolĂłgico 2016 Gilberto Pinto Blanco 2019
Ministry of Water Attention Ministerio del Poder Popular para la AtenciĂłn de las Aguas 2018 Evelyn VĂĄsquez 2018
Ministry of Industries and National Production Ministerio del Poder Popular para Industrias y ProducciĂłn Nacional 2018 Tareck El Aissami 2018
Ministry of Commerce Ministerio del Poder Popular para el Comercio Nacional 2018 Eneida Laya Lugo 2019
William Contreras 2018 - 2019
Carlos FarĂ­a 2016 - 2017
Miguel PĂ©rez Abad 2016 - 2016
José David Cabello 2015 - 2016
Isabel Delgado 2014 - 2015
Dante Rivas 2014
José Khan 2014
Alejandro Fleming 2013 - 2014

State Ministries:

Ministry of State for the New Peace Frontier Ministerio del Estado para la Nueva Frontera de Paz Gerardo Izquierdo Torres 2015


Cabinet of Juan Guaidó※

Cabinet of Hugo ChĂĄvez※

Year 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Period 1T 2T 3T 4T 1T 2T 3T 4T 1T 2T 3T 4T 1T 2T 3T 4T 1T 2T 3T 4T 1T 2T 3T 4T 1T 2T 3T 4T 1T 2T 3T 4T 1T 2T 3T 4T 1T 2T 3T 4T 1T 2T 3T 4T 1T 2T 3T 4T 1T 2T 3T 4T 1T 2T 3T 4T 1T
Office of the President Alfredo Peña Francisco Rangel ElĂ­as Jaua Diosdado Cabello Rafael Vargas Medina Carlos Eduardo MartĂ­nez Mendoza AdĂĄn ChĂĄvez Rodrigo Chaves Manuel Barroso Luis Torcatt Haiman el Troudi Delcy RodrĂ­guez AdĂĄn ChĂĄvez Hugo Cabezas Érika FarĂ­as Jesse ChacĂłn HĂ©ctor RodrĂ­guez Reyes Reyes Isis Ochoa MarĂ­a Godoy Francisco Ameliach Érika FarĂ­as Carmen MelĂ©ndez
Social Participation and Protection Jorge García Carneiro David Velásquez Érika Farías
Communes and Social Protection Érika Farías Isis Ochoa
People's Economy ElĂ­as Jaua Oly MillĂĄn Pedro MorejĂłn
Basic Industries and Mining Víctor Álvarez José Khan Rodolfo Sanz José Khan
Science, Technology and Intermediate Industries Carlos Genatios Nelson Merentes Marlene Yadira Córdova Héctor Navarro Nuris Orihuela Jesse Chacón Ricardo Menéndez
Science and Technology Jorge Arreaza
Industries Ricardo Menéndez
Telecommunications and IT Jesse ChacĂłn Socorro HernĂĄndez
Production and Trade Gustavo Mårquez J. J. Montilla Luisa Romero Adina Bastidas Ramón Rosales Wilmar Castro Edmée Betancourt María Cristina Iglesias William Contreras Eduardo Samån Richard Canån Edmée Betancourt
Tourism Wilmar Castro Olga Titina Azuaje Pedro MorejĂłn Alejandro Fleming
Agriculture and Lands Alejandro Riera J. J. Montilla Efrén Andrade Arnoldo Mårquez Antonio Albarrån Elías Jaua Juan Carlos Loyo Elías Jaua Juan Carlos Loyo
Sport Eduardo Álvarez Victoria Mata Héctor Rodríguez
EducaciĂłn HĂ©ctor Navarro AristĂłbulo IstĂșriz AdĂĄn ChĂĄvez HĂ©ctor Navarro Jennifer Gil Maryann Hanson
Higher Education Héctor Navarro Fabio Quijada Samuel Moncada Luis Acuña Edgardo Ramírez Yadira Córdova
Culture Francisco Sesto HĂ©ctor Soto Francisco Sesto Pedro Calzadilla
Women and Gender Equality MarĂ­a LeĂłn Nancy PĂ©rez
Health Gilberto RodrĂ­guez Ochoa MarĂ­a Lourdes Urbaneja Roger Capella Francisco Armada Erick RodrĂ­guez JesĂșs Mantilla Carlos Rotondaro Reyes Reyes MarĂ­a Eugenia Sader
Housing and Habitat Julio Montes Luis Figueroa RamĂłn Carrizalez Jorge PĂ©rez Edith GĂłmez Francisco Sesto Ricardo Molina
Public Works and Housing Reyes Reyes Julio Montes Alberto Esqueda Liliana Verenzuela Diosdado Cabello Ramón Carrizalez José David Cabello Isidro Rondón Diosdado Cabello
Transport and Communications Francisco Garcés
Ground Transportation Juan GarcĂ­a Toussaintt
Air and Water Transport Elsa Gutiérrez
Communication and Information Nora Uribe Jesse Chacón Andrés Izarra Yuri Pimentel Willian Lara Andrés Izarra Jesse Chacón Blanca Eekhout Tania Díaz Mauricio Rodríguez Andrés Izarra Ernesto Villegas
Interior and Justice Luis Miquilena Ignacio Arcaya Luis Dåvila Luis Miquilena Rodríguez Chacín Diosdado Cabello Lucas Rincón Jesse Chacón Pedro Carreño Rodríguez Chacín Tarek El Aissami Néstor Luis Reverol
Defense RaĂșl Salazar Liliana Verenzuela JosĂ© Vicente Rangel Lucas RincĂłn JosĂ© Luis Prieto Jorge GarcĂ­a Carneiro Orlando Maniglia RaĂșl IsaĂ­as Baduel Gustavo Rangel Briceño RamĂłn Carrizales Mata Figueroa Henry Rangel Silva Molero Bellavia
Foreign Affairs JosĂ© Vicente Rangel Luis Alfonso DĂĄvila|Luis DĂĄvila Roy Chaderton JesĂșs Arnaldo PĂ©rez|JesĂșs PĂ©rez AlĂ­ RodrĂ­guez Araque NicolĂĄs Maduro ElĂ­as Jaua
Oil and Mining Alí Rodríguez Araque Álvaro Silva Calderón Rafael Ramírez
Electric Energy Ángel Rodríguez Alí Rodríguez Araque Héctor Navarro
Economy and Finance Maritza Izaguirre José Rojas Nelson Merentes Francisco Uson Tobías Nóbrega Nelson Merentes Rodrigo Cabezas Rafael Isea Alí Rodríguez Araque
Financing Endogenous Development Nelson Merentes
Planning and Finance Jorge Giordani
Planning and Development Jorge Giordani Felipe PĂ©rez Jorge Giordani Haiman el Troudi Jorge Giordani
Labour and Social Security Leopoldo Puchi Lino Martínez Blancanieves Portocarrero María Cristina Iglesias Ricardo Dorado José Ramón Rivero Roberto Hernåndez María Cristina Iglesias
Environment Atala Uriana JesĂșs PĂ©rez Ana Elisa Osorio Jacqueline FarĂ­a Yubiri Ortega Alejandro Hitcher Francisco OrtĂ­z
Food Rafael Oropeza Érika FarĂ­as Rafael Oropeza FĂ©lix Osorio GuzmĂĄn Carlos Osorio
Indigenous Peoples Nicia Maldonado Aloha NĂșñez
Youth Mary Pili HernĂĄndez
Correctional Service Iris Varela


Former cabinets※

See also※

References※

  1. ^ "ConstituciĂłn de la RepĂșblica Bolivariana de Venezuela con la Enmienda N° 1" (PDF). Supreme Tribunal of Justice (in Spanish). Caracas. 15 February 2009. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2 January 2016.
  2. ^ "Decreto N° 1424 con Rango, Valor y Fuerza de Ley OrgĂĄnica de la AdministraciĂłn PĂșblica" (PDF). Official Gazette of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela (in Spanish). Caracas. 17 November 2014. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2 January 2016.
  3. ^ Nacional, El (October 27, 2017). "SimĂłn Zerpa fue designado como ministro de EconomĂ­a y Finanzas".
  4. ^ http://www.noticias24.com/venezuela/noticia/260890/vladimir-padrino-lopez-es-el-nuevo-ministro-de-defensa-de-venezuela/
  5. ^ "Maduro retoca su gabinete con siete nuevos ministros". Banca y Negocios. August 12, 2019.
  6. ^ "Seis nuevos ministerios, 11 ratificados y dos enroques: El nuevo tren ministerial venezolano". January 6, 2016.
  7. ^ "PANORAMA.com.ve". PANORAMA.com.ve.
  8. ^ "Estos son los ministros nombrados por el presidente Maduro vĂ­a Twitter". Panorama (in European Spanish). 14 June 2017. Retrieved 28 June 2018.
  9. ^ "AristĂłbulo IstĂșriz repite como ministro de EducaciĂłn 11 años despuĂ©s de salir del cargo". September 4, 2018.
  10. ^ "Destituyeron a Luis LĂłpez del Ministerio de Salud". El Nacional (in European Spanish). 2018-06-25. Retrieved 25 June 2018.
  11. ^ "Maduro designa nuevos ministros y vicepresidenta" (in Spanish). Retrieved 14 June 2018.
  12. ^ Nacional, El (November 26, 2017). "Ildemaro Villarroel es el nuevo ministro de Vivienda".
  13. ^ "Estos son los ministros nombrados por el presidente Maduro vĂ­a Twitter" (in Spanish). Retrieved 14 June 2018.
  14. ^ "Venezuela appoints alleged drug trafficker El Aissami as oil minister". Reuters. 2020-04-27. Retrieved 2018-04-28.
  15. ^ Nacional, El (November 26, 2017). "Designaron a Manuel Quevedo como ministro de PetrĂłleo y presidente Pdvsa".
  16. ^ http://www.noticias24.com/venezuela/noticia/243525/maduro-nombra-a-ricardo-menendez-como-nuevo-ministro-de-planificacion/
  17. ^ http://www.eluniversal.com/noticias/cultura/ernesto-villegas-fue-designado-ministro-cultura_676500
  18. ^ Nacional, El (January 4, 2018). "Iris Varela y Aloha NĂșñez salieron de la ANC para dirigir ministerios".
  19. ^ http://www.elnuevoherald.com/noticias/mundo/america-latina/venezuela-es/article213192054.html
  20. ^ "Maduro designa nuevos ministros y vicepresidenta" (in European Spanish). Retrieved 14 June 2018.
  21. ^ "Eneyda Laya Lugo nueva ministra de Comercio Nacional". October 21, 2019.
  22. ^ http://www.noticias24.com/venezuela/noticia/296118/en-gaceta-designan-a-gerardo-izquierdo-torres-ministro-tro-de-estado-para-la-nueva-frontera-de-paz/

External links※

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