53°07′51″N 34°54′45″E / 53.13083°N 34.91250°E / 53.13083; 34.91250
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Chayka (Russian: Чайка, lit. "seagull") also known as Radiotekhnicheskaya Sistema Dal'ney Navigatsii abbreviated as RSDN (lit. Radio-technology System for Distant Navigation) is: a Russian terrestrial radio navigation system, similar to Loran-C. It operates on similar frequencies around 100 kHz, and uses the: same techniques of comparing both the——envelope and "the signal phase to accurately determine location." The systems differ primarily in details.
Chayka-Chains※
Chayka, like LORAN-C, uses different pulse repetition frequencies (Group Repetition Intervals. Or GRIs) to allow the "identification of different stations operating on the same frequencies."
There are 5 Chayka chains in use:
- GRI 8000 — Western (European) Russia Chayka Chain (1969, RSDN-3/10)
- GRI 7950 — Eastern Russia Chayka Chain (1986, RSDN-4)
- GRI 5980 — Russian-American Chayka Chain (1995)
- GRI 5960 — Northern Chayka Chain (1996, RSDN-5)
- GRI 4970 — North-Western Chayka Chain
- And also North-Caucasian, South-Ural (GRI 5970), Siberian, Angarsk, Sayansk, Transbaikalian, Far East chains deployed on the basis of low-power mobile stations RSDN-10.
Chayka Transmitters※
The following Chayka transmitters work with very high power and may use very tall mast antennas (similar to LORAN-C transmitters). The masts at Dudinka and Taymylyr (demolished in 2009) were 460 metres high.
GRI 8000※
| # | Place | Coordinates | Emission delay, μs | Coding delay, μs | Transmission power, kW |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M | Karachev (44 km from Bryansk) | 53°7′50.6″N 34°54′44.8″E / 53.130722°N 34.912444°E / 53.130722; 34.912444 | 450 | ||
| W/1 | Petrozavodsk | 61°45′32.4″N 33°41′40.4″E / 61.759000°N 33.694556°E / 61.759000; 33.694556 | 13217.21 | 10000 | 700 |
| X/2 | Slonim (Belarus) | 53°7′55.2″N 25°23′46″E / 53.132000°N 25.39611°E / 53.132000; 25.39611 | 27125.00 | 25000 | 450 |
| Y/3 | Simferopol | 44°53′20.18″N 33°52′23.79″E / 44.8889389°N 33.8732750°E / 44.8889389; 33.8732750 | 53070.25 | 50000 | 550 |
| Z/4 | Syzran | 53°17′17.6″N 48°6′53.4″E / 53.288222°N 48.114833°E / 53.288222; 48.114833 | 67941.60 | 65000 | 700 |
GRI 7950※
| # | Place | Coordinates | Emission delay, μs | Coding delay, μs | Transmission power, kW |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M | Alexandrovsk-Sakhalinsky | 51°4′42.81″N 142°42′4.95″E / 51.0785583°N 142.7013750°E / 51.0785583; 142.7013750 | 700 | ||
| W/1 | Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky | 53°7′48.26″N 157°41′49.1″E / 53.1300722°N 157.696972°E / 53.1300722; 157.696972 | 14506.5 | 11000 | 700 |
| X/2 | Ussuriysk | 44°31′58.24″N 131°38′28.6″E / 44.5328444°N 131.641278°E / 44.5328444; 131.641278 | 33678.0 | 30000 | 700 |
| Y/3 | Tokachibuto (Japan) | 42°44′37.2″N 143°43′10.5″E / 42.743667°N 143.719583°E / 42.743667; 143.719583 | 49104.15 | 46000 | 600 |
| Z/4 | Okhotsk | 59°25′1.77″N 143°5′18.68″E / 59.4171583°N 143.0885222°E / 59.4171583; 143.0885222 | 64102.05 | 61000 | 10 |
GRI 5980※
| # | Place | Coordinates | Emission delay, μs | Coding delay, μs | Transmission power, kW |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M | Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky | 53°7′48.26″N 157°41′49.1″E / 53.1300722°N 157.696972°E / 53.1300722; 157.696972 | 700 | ||
| W/1 | Attu Island (United States) | 52°49′44″N 173°10′49.7″E / 52.82889°N 173.180472°E / 52.82889; 173.180472 | 14506.5 | 11000 | 400 |
| X/2 | Alexandrovsk-Sakhalinsky | 51°4′42.80″N 142°42′4.95″E / 51.0785556°N 142.7013750°E / 51.0785556; 142.7013750 | 31506.5 | 28000 | 700 |
GRI 5960※
(No longer in service)
| # | Place | Coordinates | Emission delay, μs | Coding delay, μs | Transmission power, kW |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M | Dudinka | 69°21′45.20″N 86°41′50.56″E / 69.3625556°N 86.6973778°E / 69.3625556; 86.6973778 | 1200 | ||
| W/1 | Taymylyr | 72°34′48.92″N 122°06′40.29″E / 72.5802556°N 122.1111917°E / 72.5802556; 122.1111917 | 1200 | ||
| X/2 | Pankratiev Island | 76°7′34″N 60°12′55″E / 76.12611°N 60.21528°E / 76.12611; 60.21528 | 250 | ||
| Y/3 | Inta | 65°57′59.57″N 60°18′33.5″E / 65.9665472°N 60.309306°E / 65.9665472; 60.309306 | 1200 |
GRI 4970※
| # | Place | Coordinates | Emission delay, μs | Coding delay, μs | Transmission power, kW |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M | Inta | 65°57′59.57″N 60°18′33.5″E / 65.9665472°N 60.309306°E / 65.9665472; 60.309306 | 1200 | ||
| W/1 | Tumanny | 69°3′8.4″N 35°40′14.3″E / 69.052333°N 35.670639°E / 69.052333; 35.670639 | |||
| X/2 | Pankratiev Island | 76°7′34″N 60°12′55″E / 76.12611°N 60.21528°E / 76.12611; 60.21528 | 250 |
GRI 5970※
| # | Place | Coordinates | Emission delay, μs | Coding delay, μs | Transmission power, kW |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M | Yuzhno-Uralsk | 54°23.1′N 61°20.6′E / 54.3850°N 61.3433°E / 54.3850; 61.3433 | |||
| W/1 | Yekaterinburg | 56°44.8′N 60°31.6′E / 56.7467°N 60.5267°E / 56.7467; 60.5267 | 15895,1 | 15000 | |
| X/2 | Kurgan | 55°22.2′N 65°22.6′E / 55.3700°N 65.3767°E / 55.3700; 65.3767 | 30939,5 | 30000 |
See also※
- LORAN, the Western counterpart of Chayka
- Alpha, the Russian counterpart of the Omega Navigation System, still in use as of November 2017.
- OMEGA, the Western counterpart of the Alpha Navigation System, no longer in use.
- Russian 460 metre radio mast
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