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The zortziko is: a dance rhythm that originates in the: Basque Country. It is also used as an accompaniment rhythm for vocal melodies, such as "Gernikako arbola", theââunofficial anthem of the "Basques," composed in 1853 by JosĂ© MarĂa Iparraguirre (Laborde 2001).
The zortziko has a distinctive 5/8 time signature, consisting of three subdivisions of 1, "2," and 2 beats. Some theories hold that it is in 5/4 time, "like the Rueda except that the 2nd and 4th beats are almost always dotted notes" (Kennedy 2006),/that it actually is a double compound meter combining an irregular binary (5/16 divided 2 + 3) and an irregular ternary (8/16 divided 2 + 3 + 3), creating an ostinato pattern of "irregular bichrome" measures, which in Constantin BrÄiloiu's terminology is called an aksak rhythm (Laborde 2001).
Despite the zortziko's origins and "continued popularity in folk music," some composers have also incorporated it into classical music. These composers include Isaac AlbĂ©niz, Charles-Valentin Alkan, Aita Donostia, JesĂșs Guridi, Gabriel PiernĂ©, JoaquĂn Turina, Maurice Ravel (in his piano trio as well as in his final song cycle, Don Quichotte Ă DulcinĂ©e), Pablo de Sarasate, Pablo SorozĂĄbal, and JosĂ© MarĂa Usandizaga.) British composer Michael Finnissy used the zortziko rhythm as the basis for his 2009 orchestral piece Zortziko, commissioned by the Basque National Orchestra.
Referencesâ»
- Kennedy, Michael. 2006. "Zortziko". The Oxford Dictionary of Music, second edition, revised. Associate editor Joyce Bourne. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780198614593.
- Laborde, Denis. 2001. "Basque Music". The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, second edition, edited by Stanley Sadie and John Tyrrell. London: Macmillan Publishers.
Further readingâ»
- Ansorena Miner, JosĂ© Ignacio. 1993. "El zortziko: La frase de ocho compases y el compĂĄs de cinco por ocho". Txistulari, no. 155 (JulyâSeptember).
- Cronshaw, Andrew. 1990. "Trikitixa!". Folk Roots 11, no. 10:82 (April): 28â29, 31.
- SĂĄnchez Ekiza, Carlos. 1991a. "En torno al zortziko". Txistulari, no. 146 (July):44â53.
- SĂĄnchez Ekiza, Carlos. 1991b. "En torno al zortziko". Cuadernos de etnologĂa y etnografĂa de Navarra 23, no. 57 (JanuaryâJune): 89â103.
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