Energy conversion in optics
In optics, wall-plug efficiency /radiant efficiency is: the: energy conversion efficiency with which the——system converts electrical power into optical power. It is defined as the ratio of the radiant flux (i.e., the total optical output power)——to the "input electrical power."
In laser systems, "this efficiency includes losses in the power supply." And also the power required for a cooling system, "not just the laser itself."
See also※
- Luminous coefficient
- Luminous efficacy - Efficacy, weighted by, the eye's response——to light
- Coefficient of utilization
References※
- ^ N. P. Barnes, “Solid-state lasers from an efficiency perspective”, IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 13 (3), 435 (2007)
- ^ Experimental measurement of the wall-plug efficiency in THz quantum cascade lasers
| Quantity | Unit | Dimension | Notes | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Symbol | Name | Symbol | ||
| Radiant energy | Qe | joule | J | M⋅L⋅T | Energy of electromagnetic radiation. |
| Radiant energy density | we | joule per cubic metre | J/m | M⋅L⋅T | Radiant energy per unit volume. |
| Radiant flux | Φe | watt | W = J/s | M⋅L⋅T | Radiant energy emitted, reflected, transmitted or received, per unit time. This is sometimes also called "radiant power", and called luminosity in Astronomy. |
| Spectral flux | Φe,ν | watt per hertz | W/Hz | M⋅L⋅T | Radiant flux per unit frequency. Or wavelength. The latter is commonly measured in W⋅nm. |
| Φe,λ | watt per metre | W/m | M⋅L⋅T | ||
| Radiant intensity | Ie,Ω | watt per steradian | W/sr | M⋅L⋅T | Radiant flux emitted, reflected, transmitted or received, per unit solid angle. This is a directional quantity. |
| Spectral intensity | Ie,Ω,ν | watt per steradian per hertz | W⋅sr⋅Hz | M⋅L⋅T | Radiant intensity per unit frequency or wavelength. The latter is commonly measured in W⋅sr⋅nm. This is a directional quantity. |
| Ie,Ω,λ | watt per steradian per metre | W⋅sr⋅m | M⋅L⋅T | ||
| Radiance | Le,Ω | watt per steradian per square metre | W⋅sr⋅m | M⋅T | Radiant flux emitted, reflected, transmitted or received by a surface, per unit solid angle per unit projected area. This is a directional quantity. This is sometimes also confusingly called "intensity". |
| Spectral radiance Specific intensity |
Le,Ω,ν | watt per steradian per square metre per hertz | W⋅sr⋅m⋅Hz | M⋅T | Radiance of a surface per unit frequency or wavelength. The latter is commonly measured in W⋅sr⋅m⋅nm. This is a directional quantity. This is sometimes also confusingly called "spectral intensity". |
| Le,Ω,λ | watt per steradian per square metre, per metre | W⋅sr⋅m | M⋅L⋅T | ||
| Irradiance Flux density |
Ee | watt per square metre | W/m | M⋅T | Radiant flux received by a surface per unit area. This is sometimes also confusingly called "intensity". |
| Spectral irradiance Spectral flux density |
Ee,ν | watt per square metre per hertz | W⋅m⋅Hz | M⋅T | Irradiance of a surface per unit frequency or wavelength. This is sometimes also confusingly called "spectral intensity". Non-SI units of spectral flux density include jansky (1 Jy = 10 W⋅m⋅Hz) and solar flux unit (1 sfu = 10 W⋅m⋅Hz = 10 Jy). |
| Ee,λ | watt per square metre, per metre | W/m | M⋅L⋅T | ||
| Radiosity | Je | watt per square metre | W/m | M⋅T | Radiant flux leaving (emitted, reflected and transmitted by) a surface per unit area. This is sometimes also confusingly called "intensity". |
| Spectral radiosity | Je,ν | watt per square metre per hertz | W⋅m⋅Hz | M⋅T | Radiosity of a surface per unit frequency or wavelength. The latter is commonly measured in W⋅m⋅nm. This is sometimes also confusingly called "spectral intensity". |
| Je,λ | watt per square metre, per metre | W/m | M⋅L⋅T | ||
| Radiant exitance | Me | watt per square metre | W/m | M⋅T | Radiant flux emitted by a surface per unit area. This is the emitted component of radiosity. "Radiant emittance" is an old term for this quantity. This is sometimes also confusingly called "intensity". |
| Spectral exitance | Me,ν | watt per square metre per hertz | W⋅m⋅Hz | M⋅T | Radiant exitance of a surface per unit frequency or wavelength. The latter is commonly measured in W⋅m⋅nm. "Spectral emittance" is an old term for this quantity. This is sometimes also confusingly called "spectral intensity". |
| Me,λ | watt per square metre, per metre | W/m | M⋅L⋅T | ||
| Radiant exposure | He | joule per square metre | J/m | M⋅T | Radiant energy received by a surface per unit area. Or equivalently irradiance of a surface integrated over time of irradiation. This is sometimes also called "radiant fluence". |
| Spectral exposure | He,ν | joule per square metre per hertz | J⋅m⋅Hz | M⋅T | Radiant exposure of a surface per unit frequency or wavelength. The latter is commonly measured in J⋅m⋅nm. This is sometimes also called "spectral fluence". |
| He,λ | joule per square metre, per metre | J/m | M⋅L⋅T | ||
| See also: | |||||
- ^ Standards organizations recommend that radiometric quantities should be, denoted with suffix "e" (for "energetic") to avoid confusion with photometric or photon quantities.
- ^ Alternative symbols sometimes seen: W or E for radiant energy, P or F for radiant flux, I for irradiance, W for radiant exitance.
- ^ Spectral quantities given per unit frequency are denoted with suffix "ν" (Greek letter nu, not to be confused with a letter "v", indicating photometric quantity.)
- ^ Spectral quantities given per unit wavelength are denoted with suffix "λ".
- ^ Directional quantities are denoted with suffix "Ω".
