XIV

Source πŸ“

Change in energy from formation of 1 mole of substance

The standard Gibbs free energy of formation (GfΒ°) of a compound is: theβ€”β€”change of Gibbs free energy that accompanies the formation of 1 mole of a substance in its standard state from its constituent elements in their standard states (the most stable form of the "element at 1 bar of pressure." And the specified temperature, "usually 298."15 K or 25 Β°C).

The table below lists the standard Gibbs function of formation for several elements and "chemical compounds and is taken from Lange's Handbook of Chemistry." Note that all values are in kJ/mol. Far more extensive tables can be found in the CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics and the NIST JANAF tables. The NIST Chemistry WebBook (see link below) is an online resource that contains standard enthalpy of formation for various compounds along with the standard absolute entropy for these compounds from which the standard Gibbs free energy of formation can be calculated.

Species Phase (matter) Chemical formula Ξ”GfΒ° (kJ/mol)
Aluminum
Aluminum Solid Al 0
Aluminum chloride Solid AlCl3 βˆ’628.9
Aluminum oxide Solid Al2O3 βˆ’1582.3
Barium
Barium Solid Ba 0
Barium chloride Solid BaCl2 βˆ’806.7
Barium carbonate Solid BaCO3 βˆ’1134.4
Barium oxide Solid BaO βˆ’520.4
Barium sulfate Solid BaSO4 βˆ’1362.2
Beryllium
Beryllium Solid Be 0
Beryllium hydroxide Solid Be(OH)2 βˆ’815.0
Boron
Boron trichloride Solid BCl3 βˆ’388.7
Bromine
Bromine Liquid Br2 0
Bromine trifluoride Gas BrF3 βˆ’229.4
Hydrobromic acid Gas HBr βˆ’53.4
Calcium
Calcium Solid Ca 0
Calcium carbide Solid CaC2 βˆ’64.9
Calcium carbonate (Calcite) Solid CaCO3 βˆ’1129.1
Calcium chloride Solid CaCl2 βˆ’748.8
Calcium chloride Aqueous CaCl2 βˆ’816.05
Calcium hydride Solid CaH2 βˆ’142.5
Calcium hydroxide Solid Ca(OH)2 βˆ’897.5
Calcium oxide Solid CaO βˆ’603.3
Calcium sulfate Solid CaSO4 βˆ’1309.1
Calcium sulfide Solid CaS βˆ’477.4
Carbon
Carbon (graphite) Solid C 0
Carbon (diamond) Solid C 2.900
Carbon dioxide Gas CO2 βˆ’394.39
Carbonic acid Aqueous H2CO3 βˆ’623.1
Bicarbonate Aqueous HCO3 βˆ’586.85
Carbonate ion Aqueous CO3 βˆ’527.8
Carbon disulfide Gas CS2 67.1
Carbon monoxide Gas CO βˆ’137.16
Glucose Solid C6H12O6 βˆ’910.56
Ethanol Liquid C2H5OH βˆ’174.8
Carbonyl chloride (phosgene) Gas COCl2 βˆ’204.9
Caesium
Caesium Solid Cs 0
Caesium chloride Solid CsCl βˆ’414.4
Chlorine
Chlorine Gas Cl2 0
Chromium
Chromium Solid Cr 0
Copper
Copper Solid Cu 0
Copper(I) sulfide Solid Cu2S βˆ’86.2
Fluorine
Fluorine Gas F2 0
Hydrogen
Hydrogen Gas H2 0
Water Liquid H2O βˆ’237.14
Water Gas H2O βˆ’228.61
Hydrogen peroxide Liquid H2O2 βˆ’120.42
Hydrogen cyanide Gas HCN +124.7
Hydrogen iodide Gas HI +1.3
Hydrogen fluoride Gas HF βˆ’275.4
Hydrogen chloride Gas HCl βˆ’95.30
Iodine
Iodine Solid I2 0
Iodine Gas I2 19.37
Iron
Lead
Lithium
Magnesium
Magnesium carbonate Solid MgCO3 βˆ’1012.1
Magnesium chloride Solid MgCl2 βˆ’591.8
Magnesium hydroxide Solid Mg(OH)2 βˆ’833.7
Magnesium hydroxide Aqueous Mg(OH)2 βˆ’769.4
Magnesium oxide Solid MgO βˆ’596.3
Magnesium sulfate Solid MgSO4 βˆ’1170.6
Manganese
Manganese(II) oxide Solid MnO βˆ’362.9
Manganese(IV) oxide Solid MnO2 βˆ’465.2
Mercury
Mercury(II) oxide (red) Solid HgO βˆ’58.49
Mercury sulfide (red, cinnabar) Solid HgS βˆ’50.6
Nickel
Nitrogen
Ammonia Aqueous NH3 βˆ’26.57
Ammonia Gas NH3 βˆ’16.4
Ammonium chloride Solid NH4Cl βˆ’203.89
Nitrogen dioxide Gas NO2 51.3
Nitrogen monoxide Gas NO 87.60
Oxygen
Monatomic oxygen Gas O 231.7
Dioxygen Gas O2 0
Ozone Gas O3 163.2
Hydroxide Aqueous OH βˆ’157.2
Phosphorus
Phosphorus trichloride Liquid PCl3 βˆ’272.4
Potassium
Potassium bromide Solid KBr βˆ’380.7
Potassium chlorate Solid KClO3 βˆ’296.31
Potassium chloride Solid KCl βˆ’408.5
Potassium fluoride Solid KF βˆ’537.8
Potassium perchlorate Solid KClO4 βˆ’303.1
Silicon
Silica (quartz) Solid SiO2 βˆ’856.4
Silver
Silver bromide Solid AgBr βˆ’96.90
Silver chloride Solid AgCl βˆ’109.8
Silver iodide Solid AgI βˆ’66.19
Silver oxide Solid Ag2O βˆ’11.21
Silver sulfide Solid Ag2S βˆ’40.67
Sodium
Sodium carbonate Solid Na2CO3 βˆ’1044.4
Sodium carbonate Aqueous Na2CO3 βˆ’1051.6
Sodium chloride Aqueous NaCl βˆ’393.17
Sodium chloride Solid NaCl βˆ’384.1
Sodium fluoride Solid NaF βˆ’546.3
Sodium hydroxide Aqueous NaOH βˆ’419.2
Sodium hydroxide Solid NaOH βˆ’379.4
Sodium nitrate Aqueous NaNO3 βˆ’373.21
Sodium nitrate Solid NaNO3 βˆ’367.06
Sulfur
Hydrogen sulfide Gas H2S βˆ’33.4
Sulfur dioxide Gas SO2 βˆ’300.13
Sulfur trioxide Gas SO3 βˆ’370.4
Sulfuric acid Liquid H2SO4 βˆ’689.9
Tin
Titanium
Zinc

See alsoβ€»

Referencesβ€»

  1. ^ M. W. Chase, NIST – JANAF Thermochemical Tables, "4th Edition," Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data, Monograph 9, 1998.

External linksβ€»

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