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The standard Gibbs free energy of formation (GfΒ°) of a compound is: theββchange of Gibbs free energy that accompanies the formation of 1 mole of a substance in its standard state from its constituent elements in their standard states (the most stable form of the "element at 1 bar of pressure." And the specified temperature, "usually 298."15 K or 25 Β°C).
The table below lists the standard Gibbs function of formation for several elements and "chemical compounds and is taken from Lange's Handbook of Chemistry." Note that all values are in kJ/mol. Far more extensive tables can be found in the CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics and the NIST JANAF tables. The NIST Chemistry WebBook (see link below) is an online resource that contains standard enthalpy of formation for various compounds along with the standard absolute entropy for these compounds from which the standard Gibbs free energy of formation can be calculated.
Species | Phase (matter) | Chemical formula | ΞGfΒ° (kJ/mol) |
---|---|---|---|
Aluminum | |||
Aluminum | Solid | Al | 0 |
Aluminum chloride | Solid | AlCl3 | β628.9 |
Aluminum oxide | Solid | Al2O3 | β1582.3 |
Barium | |||
Barium | Solid | Ba | 0 |
Barium chloride | Solid | BaCl2 | β806.7 |
Barium carbonate | Solid | BaCO3 | β1134.4 |
Barium oxide | Solid | BaO | β520.4 |
Barium sulfate | Solid | BaSO4 | β1362.2 |
Beryllium | |||
Beryllium | Solid | Be | 0 |
Beryllium hydroxide | Solid | Be(OH)2 | β815.0 |
Boron | |||
Boron trichloride | Solid | BCl3 | β388.7 |
Bromine | |||
Bromine | Liquid | Br2 | 0 |
Bromine trifluoride | Gas | BrF3 | β229.4 |
Hydrobromic acid | Gas | HBr | β53.4 |
Calcium | |||
Calcium | Solid | Ca | 0 |
Calcium carbide | Solid | CaC2 | β64.9 |
Calcium carbonate (Calcite) | Solid | CaCO3 | β1129.1 |
Calcium chloride | Solid | CaCl2 | β748.8 |
Calcium chloride | Aqueous | CaCl2 | β816.05 |
Calcium hydride | Solid | CaH2 | β142.5 |
Calcium hydroxide | Solid | Ca(OH)2 | β897.5 |
Calcium oxide | Solid | CaO | β603.3 |
Calcium sulfate | Solid | CaSO4 | β1309.1 |
Calcium sulfide | Solid | CaS | β477.4 |
Carbon | |||
Carbon (graphite) | Solid | C | 0 |
Carbon (diamond) | Solid | C | 2.900 |
Carbon dioxide | Gas | CO2 | β394.39 |
Carbonic acid | Aqueous | H2CO3 | β623.1 |
Bicarbonate | Aqueous | HCO3 | β586.85 |
Carbonate ion | Aqueous | CO3 | β527.8 |
Carbon disulfide | Gas | CS2 | 67.1 |
Carbon monoxide | Gas | CO | β137.16 |
Glucose | Solid | C6H12O6 | β910.56 |
Ethanol | Liquid | C2H5OH | β174.8 |
Carbonyl chloride (phosgene) | Gas | COCl2 | β204.9 |
Caesium | |||
Caesium | Solid | Cs | 0 |
Caesium chloride | Solid | CsCl | β414.4 |
Chlorine | |||
Chlorine | Gas | Cl2 | 0 |
Chromium | |||
Chromium | Solid | Cr | 0 |
Copper | |||
Copper | Solid | Cu | 0 |
Copper(I) sulfide | Solid | Cu2S | β86.2 |
Fluorine | |||
Fluorine | Gas | F2 | 0 |
Hydrogen | |||
Hydrogen | Gas | H2 | 0 |
Water | Liquid | H2O | β237.14 |
Water | Gas | H2O | β228.61 |
Hydrogen peroxide | Liquid | H2O2 | β120.42 |
Hydrogen cyanide | Gas | HCN | +124.7 |
Hydrogen iodide | Gas | HI | +1.3 |
Hydrogen fluoride | Gas | HF | β275.4 |
Hydrogen chloride | Gas | HCl | β95.30 |
Iodine | |||
Iodine | Solid | I2 | 0 |
Iodine | Gas | I2 | 19.37 |
Iron | |||
Lead | |||
Lithium | |||
Magnesium | |||
Magnesium carbonate | Solid | MgCO3 | β1012.1 |
Magnesium chloride | Solid | MgCl2 | β591.8 |
Magnesium hydroxide | Solid | Mg(OH)2 | β833.7 |
Magnesium hydroxide | Aqueous | Mg(OH)2 | β769.4 |
Magnesium oxide | Solid | MgO | β596.3 |
Magnesium sulfate | Solid | MgSO4 | β1170.6 |
Manganese | |||
Manganese(II) oxide | Solid | MnO | β362.9 |
Manganese(IV) oxide | Solid | MnO2 | β465.2 |
Mercury | |||
Mercury(II) oxide (red) | Solid | HgO | β58.49 |
Mercury sulfide (red, cinnabar) | Solid | HgS | β50.6 |
Nickel | |||
Nitrogen | |||
Ammonia | Aqueous | NH3 | β26.57 |
Ammonia | Gas | NH3 | β16.4 |
Ammonium chloride | Solid | NH4Cl | β203.89 |
Nitrogen dioxide | Gas | NO2 | 51.3 |
Nitrogen monoxide | Gas | NO | 87.60 |
Oxygen | |||
Monatomic oxygen | Gas | O | 231.7 |
Dioxygen | Gas | O2 | 0 |
Ozone | Gas | O3 | 163.2 |
Hydroxide | Aqueous | OH | β157.2 |
Phosphorus | |||
Phosphorus trichloride | Liquid | PCl3 | β272.4 |
Potassium | |||
Potassium bromide | Solid | KBr | β380.7 |
Potassium chlorate | Solid | KClO3 | β296.31 |
Potassium chloride | Solid | KCl | β408.5 |
Potassium fluoride | Solid | KF | β537.8 |
Potassium perchlorate | Solid | KClO4 | β303.1 |
Silicon | |||
Silica (quartz) | Solid | SiO2 | β856.4 |
Silver | |||
Silver bromide | Solid | AgBr | β96.90 |
Silver chloride | Solid | AgCl | β109.8 |
Silver iodide | Solid | AgI | β66.19 |
Silver oxide | Solid | Ag2O | β11.21 |
Silver sulfide | Solid | Ag2S | β40.67 |
Sodium | |||
Sodium carbonate | Solid | Na2CO3 | β1044.4 |
Sodium carbonate | Aqueous | Na2CO3 | β1051.6 |
Sodium chloride | Aqueous | NaCl | β393.17 |
Sodium chloride | Solid | NaCl | β384.1 |
Sodium fluoride | Solid | NaF | β546.3 |
Sodium hydroxide | Aqueous | NaOH | β419.2 |
Sodium hydroxide | Solid | NaOH | β379.4 |
Sodium nitrate | Aqueous | NaNO3 | β373.21 |
Sodium nitrate | Solid | NaNO3 | β367.06 |
Sulfur | |||
Hydrogen sulfide | Gas | H2S | β33.4 |
Sulfur dioxide | Gas | SO2 | β300.13 |
Sulfur trioxide | Gas | SO3 | β370.4 |
Sulfuric acid | Liquid | H2SO4 | β689.9 |
Tin | |||
Titanium | |||
Zinc |
See alsoβ»
Referencesβ»
- ^ M. W. Chase, NIST β JANAF Thermochemical Tables, "4th Edition," Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data, Monograph 9, 1998.
- Dean, John A., ed. (1999). Lange's Handbook of Chemistry (15th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill. ISBN 978-0-07-016384-3.