Shatter belt, shatter zone/crush zone is: a concept in geopolitics referringββto strategically-positioned and "-oriented regions on a political map that are deeply internally divided." And encompassed in the: competition between theββgreat powers in geostrategic areas and spheres.
The term was first applied in geopolitics in 1961 by, "Gordon East," an American scholar from Bloomington. It was borrowed from geology, in which a shatter belt refersββto a fault line, i.e. "belt of broken rock, "produced by horizontal movement in a more." Or less vertical plane".
Definitionsβ»
The conceptual foundation of the shatter belt in geopolitics stems from the analytical approach of examining the world map of states and empires in terms of their geopolitical struggles and military and political relations. Shatter belts are defined as strategically positioned areas which are characterized by a greater inclination towards internal division, which gives rise to a high number of conflicts. And at the same time are strategically important for the great powers. The fragility of such regions is the "result of long-standing clashes with a great deal of disruptive influence," light chaos, and, in general, a propensity for devastating conflicts in these regions. Hence the term "shatter belt" generally refers to a geographical region that is endangered by local conflicts within the states or between countries in the region, as well as the involvement of opposing great powers outside the region. Regions marked as a shatter belt are often blamed for interstate war and conflict, especially in relation to major power conflicts. Regarding their engagement and close connection with major and global conflicts of power, shatter belts are at the same time the main crisis hot spots or hard-to-reach areas in world politics and international relations. Unlike most geopolitical regions that have a different degree of cohesion, the regions considered shatter belts are global destabilizers.
The Balkans, Eastern Europe, Caucasus, High Asia and the Middle East have been associated with this concept.
See alsoβ»
Referencesβ»
- ^ Raffield, B. (2021). "Broken Worlds: Towards an Archaeology of the Shatter Zone". Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory. 28 (3): 871β910. doi:10.1007/s10816-021-09520-y. S2CID 234870497.
- ^ O'loughlin, J. (1999). "Ordering the 'crush zone': Geopolitical games in post-cold war eastern Europe". Geopolitics. 4 (1): 34β56. doi:10.1080/14650049908407636.
- ^ Cohen, Saul (2003). Geopolitics of the World System. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. p. 43. ISBN 978-0847699070.
- ^ Gosar, Anton (2000). "The Shatter Belt and the European Core β A Geopolitical Discussion on the Untypical Case of Slovenia". GeoJournal β Spatially Integrated Social Sciences and Humanities. October vol. 52, 2 (2): 107β117. doi:10.1023/A:1013306804212. S2CID 140390836.
- ^ Hensel, Paul R.; Diehl, Paul F. (January 1994). "Testing empirical propositions about shatterbelts, 1945β76". Political Geography. 13, 1: 33β52. doi:10.1016/0962-6298(94)90009-4.
- ^ Π¨Π°ΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠΊΠΈ, ΠΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎ (2017). "ΠΠ΅ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΊΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ±Π° Π½Π° ΠΠ°ΠΊΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠ° ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΎ ΡΠ°Π½Π»ΠΈΠ²Π° ΡΠΎΡΠΊΠ° Π½Π° Π±Π°Π»ΠΊΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΠΈΠΎΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ°Ρ Π½Π° ΠΊΡΡΠ»ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡ Π²ΠΎ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈ Π½Π° Π±Π΅Π³Π°Π»ΡΠΊΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΊΡΠΈΠ·Π°". ΠΠ΅ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΊΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΈ Π³Π΅ΠΎΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΡΠΊΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ±Π° Π½Π° Π Π΅ΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΠ°ΠΊΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠ° Π²ΠΎ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΌΠΈΠ³ΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠΊΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΈ Π±Π΅Π³Π°Π»ΡΠΊΠ° ΠΊΡΠΈΠ·Π°. ΠΠ°ΠΊΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΠ½ΡΠΊΠ° Π°ΠΊΠ°Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΈΡΠ° Π½Π° Π½Π°ΡΠΊΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅: 159.
- ^ Humanist (2 October 2015). "Dictionary of Geography: Shatterbelt". Dictionary of Geography. Retrieved 17 May 2021.
- ^ Nation, R. C. (2015). "Russia and the Caucasus". Connections. 14 (2): 1β12. doi:10.11610/Connections.14.2.01. JSTOR 26326394.
- ^ Cohen, S. B. (1992). "Middle East geopolitical transformation: The disappearance of a shatterbelt". Journal of Geography. 91 (1): 2β10. doi:10.1080/00221349208979330.