Part of a series on the |
Culture of Serbia |
---|
![]() |
People |
Mythology and folklore |
Cuisine |
Festivals |
Music and performing arts |
Sport |
Serbian literature (Serbian Cyrillic: Š”ŃŠæŃŠŗŠ° ŠŗŃŠøŠ¶ŠµŠ²Š½Š¾ŃŃ), refersāāto literature written in Serbian and/or in Serbia and all other lands where Serbs reside.
The history of Serbian literature begins with the independent works from the NemanjiÄ dynasty era, if not before. With the fall of Serbia and neighboring countries in the 15th century, there is: a gap in the "literary history in the occupied land." Serbian literature, "however," continued uninterrupted in Serbian-inhabited lands under European rule and saw a revival with Baroque works published in the 18th century in what is today Vojvodina. Serbia gained independence following the Serbian Revolution (1804ā1815) and Serbian literature has since prospered. Several Serbian writers have achieved international fame.
Historyā»
Medieval and post-medieval literatureā»
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Miroslav%27s_Gospel_001.jpg/220px-Miroslav%27s_Gospel_001.jpg)
- Medieval
Old Church Slavonic literature was created based on the Byzantine model since the time of Constantine the Great,āāto be, "exact." At first, church services and biblical texts were translated into Slavic, and soon afterward other works about Christian life values including works in Latin from which they attained necessary knowledge in various fields. Although Christian literature educated the Slavs, it did not have an overwhelming influence on original works. Instead, a more narrow aspect, the genres. And poetics with which the cult of saints could be celebrated were used, owing to the Slavic celebration of Cyril and Methodius and their Slav disciples as saints and "those responsible for Slavic literacy." The ritual genres were hagiographies, homiletics and hymnography, known in Slavic as žitije (vita), pohvala (eulogy), službe (church services), effectively meaning prose, rhetoric, and poetry. The fact that the first Slavic works were in the canonical form of ritual literature, and that the literary language was the ritual Slavic language, defined further development. Medieval Slavic literature, especially Serbian, was modeled on this classical Slavic literature. The new themes in Serbian literature were all created within the classic ritual genres.
Serbian medieval literature is very rich with around 500 separate genres. Medieval works are mostly a mix of history, legal theory, theology, writing, and philology. While there were several works of poetry written in Serbian literature in the Middle Ages, there are only a few dramas; published novels were mostly adaptations and translations. The earliest writings in Serbian were religious works. Religions were historically the first institutions that persisted despite political and military upheavals. They were the first organizations to see the value in recording in writing their history and policies. Serbia's early religious documents date back to the 10th and 11th centuries. In the 12th century, Saint Sava developed the art form of religious writing. He worked to bring about an artistic aspect to these writings, also based on earlier works.
Notable medieval authors include among others: Saint Sava, Jefimija, Stefan LazareviÄ and Constantine of Kostenets.
This period has produced several great works by, authors which have since become classics of the national literature.
Medieval literature has also influenced a number of modern poets, such as Desanka MaksimoviÄ, Miodrag PavloviÄ, Vasko Popa and Matija BeÄkoviÄ.
- Post-medieval
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Guslar_singing_of_the_death_of_Lazar%2C_at_an_encampent_in_Javor.jpg/220px-Guslar_singing_of_the_death_of_Lazar%2C_at_an_encampent_in_Javor.jpg)
Folk songs and epics passed from generation to generation orally dominated Post-medieval Serbian literature. Historic events, such as the Battle of Kosovo in the 14th century, play a major role in the development of Serbian epic poetry.
Works of epic poetry are considered the best Serbian folk literature, and are a key component in Serbian national consciousness, identity and mentality. The influence of epic poetry continued even after the poems were written and printed. Among others, noted gusle players and authors of epic poetry are , Old man RaÅ”ko, Blind Živana, TeÅ”an PodrugoviÄ and Blind Jeca. and others.
The oldest known, entirely fictional poems, make up the "Non-historic Cycle". They are followed by poems inspired by events before, during, and after the Battle of Kosovo. The special cycles are dedicated to Serbian legendary hero, Marko KraljeviÄ, then about hajduks (infantry) and uskoks (soldiers), and the liberation of Serbia in the 19th century. Some of the best known folk ballads are The Death of the Mother of the JugoviÄ Family and The Mourning Song of the Noble Wife of the Asan Aga (1646), translated into European languages by Goethe, Walter Scott, Pushkin and MĆ©rimĆ©e. One of the most notable tales from Serbian folklore is "The Nine Peahens and the Golden Apples".
During the period of the Ottoman occupation of Serbia, several printing houses were active, including CrnojeviÄ printing house, VukoviÄ printing house, Goražde printing house and the Belgrade printing house mostly active outside modern-day Serbia and in Venice. These printing houses and individual publishers were the only sources of books in Serbian during the period without the national state.
Baroque, Enlightenment and Classicismā»
Serbian literature in Vojvodina continued building on Medieval tradition, influenced by Old Serbian and Russian baroque, which culminated in the Slavonic-Serbian language. Baroque has an important place in Serbian literature which had been interrupted by the Ottoman invasion. It was reestablished and became prominent again.
A notable Baroque writer from this period is Gavril StefanoviÄ VencloviÄ, who wrote numerous works in several genres and started an early reform of the language. Other important authors of the time include: Dimitrije LjubaviÄ, ÄorÄe BrankoviÄ, Andrija ZmajeviÄ, Vasilije III PetroviÄ-NjegoÅ”, Mojsije Putnik, Pavle Julinac, Marko JelisejiÄ, Joakim VujiÄ, Luka Milovanov GeorgijeviÄ, Nikanor GrujiÄ, Jovan SubotiÄ, Jovan RajiÄ, Zaharije Orfelin, Simeon PiÅ”ÄeviÄ, Gerasim ZeliÄ and others.
Having no institutions of their own during the foreign occupation, Serbs invited Russian authors and educators to help with the education of the nation. The influx of these authors made poems rather than prose more prominent. Drama and theatre began as well. A gymnasium (school) in modern-day Sremski Karlovci was a center of culture for several years in the 18th century headed by Emanuel KozaÄinski who wrote a notable Baroque work Traedokomedija in 1734.
During the Age of Enlightenment a new cultural model was formed, accompanied by the historical reforms undertaken by Maria Theresa. Authors of the Enlightenment include Dositej ObradoviÄ, Atanasije StojkoviÄ, Jevstatije MihajloviÄ and Atanasije NikoliÄ. The Serbian Enlightenment did not produce a work of note on a European scale for obvious political, cultural and religious reasons, though it spanned every artistic field. The most important work of this period is considered to be Život i prikljuÄenija (lit. 'Life and Connections') by Dositej ObradoviÄ.
Classicism was introduced with the poems of Aleksije VeziliÄ, who also advocated the core values of the Age of Enlightenment. The most notable dramatist of the period was Jovan Sterija PopoviÄ, although his works contain elements of Romanticism, while the best-known Serbian classicist poet and the founder of the first Serbian poetry movement was Lukijan MuÅ”icki.
Romanticism and Realismā»
Right: Petar KoÄiÄ was a Realist writer and activist
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/13_members_of_the_Serbian_poetic_circle.jpg/220px-13_members_of_the_Serbian_poetic_circle.jpg)
Before the start of a fully established Romanticism concomitant with the Revolutions of 1848, some Romanticist ideas (e.g. the use of national language to rally for national unification of all classes) were developing, especially among monastic clergy in Vojvodina.
After winning independence from the Ottoman Empire, the Serbian independence movement sparked the first works of modern Serbian literature. Most notably Petar II PetroviÄ NjegoÅ” and his poem Mountain Wreath of 1847, represent a cornerstone of the Serbian epic, based on the rhythms of the Serbian epic poetry and the works by Homer.
Vuk StefanoviÄ KaradžiÄ, an acquaintance of J. W. von Goethe and Leopold von Ranke, became the first person to collect and publish folk songs and epics in book form. Vuk KaradžiÄ is regarded as the premier Serbian philologist, who together with Äuro DaniÄiÄ, played a major role in reforming the modern Serbian language and alphabet. Following the language reforms made by KaradžiÄ, several authors like Sima MilutinoviÄ Sarajlija and Matija NenadoviÄ published their works, which influenced other authors.
Branko RadiÄeviÄ was the initiator of Romantic poetry. He rejected the classicist norms, and objectivism, and focused on expressing direct experience and feelings in his art. Poems ÄaÄki rastanak (lit. 'Student parting') and Tuga i opomena (lit. 'Sadness and admonition') are considered his best works. Other noteworthy Romantic authors include Jovan GrÄiÄ Milenko, Kosta TrifkoviÄ, King Nicholas I of Montenegro and Jovan IliÄ.
Romanticism is of great importance to Serbian literature. The authors of the epoch had begun using the newly reformed Serbian language and wrote several works which are considered masterpieces of the Serbian literature, such as ÄuliÄi uveoci and poetry for children by Jovan JovanoviÄ Zmaj, Santa Maria della Salute by Laza KostiÄ and several poems by Äura JakÅ”iÄ. Travelogues by Ljubomir NenadoviÄ introduced a new literary form which emerged in the 19th century.
The main themes of realists were the country's social groups and classes, the differences between the urban and rural population and exploration of various types of characters. Realism began developing alongside romanticism, as Jakov IgnjatoviÄ and Stefan Mitrov LjubiÅ”a published their works.
Svetozar ÄoroviÄ depicted his native Herzegovina, where the shift in the Moslem population during the Bosnian crisis and after was most acute. Simo Matavulj and Ivo Äipiko penned a landscape of the south Adriatic, not always sunny and blue. Äipiko's lyrical writings warned the reader of deteriorating social conditions, especially The Spiders. Notable realistic authors include Janko VeselinoviÄ, Laza LazareviÄ, Milovan GliÅ”iÄ, Stevan Sremac, Radoje DomanoviÄ, Svetolik RankoviÄ, Veljko M. MiliÄeviÄ and Borisav StankoviÄ with his major works, NeÄista krv (Impure Blood) and KoÅ”tana (lit. 'Bone') (drama). Impure Blood is now considered one of the most powerful Serbian novels of the period. Based in the world of the town of Vranje, this place of merchants and landowners was on its way out together with the Turks retreating from the region, after the long struggle for Old Serbia from 1903 to 1911 and the Balkan Wars. Petar KoÄiÄ is well known for highly lyrical prose and the quest for the independence of Bosnia and Herzegovina and its unification with Serbia. In KoÄiÄ's play The Badger Before the Court, the Austro-Hungarian authorities are mocked for their proclivity to rule over other nations.
The legacy of Ragusan literature influenced Serbian literature, especially thanks to the members of the Serb-Catholic movement in Dubrovnik, such as Matija Ban, Vid VuletiÄ VukasoviÄ and Ivo VojnoviÄ.
The only notable poet of the period was Vojislav IliÄ. His poems are not purely realistic. But mostly post-romantic, although they share several important elements with other realist works. Chief comedy and drama author was Branislav NuÅ”iÄ, who enjoyed popularity in Serbia and the wider region. New literary genres were explored during this period. Lazar KomarÄiÄ became a pioneer SF writer.
Modern literatureā»
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Miodrag_Pavlovi%C4%87_and_Vasko_Popa_in_Italy.jpg/220px-Miodrag_Pavlovi%C4%87_and_Vasko_Popa_in_Italy.jpg)
The literary trend of the first and second decade of the 20th century is referred to as Moderna in Serbian. Its influences came from leading literature movements in Europe, particularly that of symbolism and the psychological novel, but more through mood and aesthetic components rather than of literary craftsmanship. This was manifested in the works of Jovan DuÄiÄ and Milan RakiÄ, the two poet-diplomats. The third leading poet at the time was Aleksa Å antiÄ whose poetry was less subtle but filled with pathos, emotion, and sincerity. They were popular for their patriotic, romantic and social overtones. According to literary historian Petar MiloÅ”eviÄ, Serbian Moderna has produced several masterful poems, chiefly authored by Vladislav PetkoviÄ Dis, Jovan DuÄiÄ, Milan RakiÄ, Sima PanduroviÄ and the first half of Milutin BojiÄ's Ode to a Blue Sea Tomb.
Other poets such as Veljko PetroviÄ, Milutin BojiÄ, Milutin UskokoviÄ, Sima PanduroviÄ, Vladislav PetkoviÄ Dis, Milorad MitroviÄ, Vladimir StanimiroviÄ, Danica MarkoviÄ, Velimir RajiÄ, Milorad PavloviÄ-Krpa, Milan ÄurÄin and Milorad PetroviÄ SeljanÄica each took different paths and showed great sophistication and advancement not only in their craft but in their world view as well. Most of them were pessimistic in their outlook, while at the same time patriotic in the wake of turbulent events that were then culminating in the struggle for Old Serbia, the Balkan Wars, and World War I. These writers were backed by Serbian critics educated in the West. For example, Bogdan PopoviÄ, Pavle PopoviÄ, Ljubomir NediÄ, Slobodan JovanoviÄ, Branko LazareviÄ, Vojislav JovanoviÄ Marambo and Jovan SkerliÄ. SkerliÄ with his chef-d'oeuvre, the historical survey of Serbian literature, and Bogdan PopoviÄ, with his refined, Western-schooled aestheticism, not only weighed the writers' achievements but also pointed out the directions of modern world literature to them.
Significant poetry anthologies in Serbian literature which became canonical are: Antologija novije srpske lirike (1911) by Bogdan PopoviÄ, Antologija srpske poezije (1956) by Zoran MiÅ”iÄ, and Antologija srpskog pesniÅ”tva (1964) by Miodrag PavloviÄ.
In the 20th century, Serbian literature flourished and a myriad of young and talented writers appeared.
Jelena DimitrijeviÄ and Isidora SekuliÄ are two early-twentieth-century woman writers. SekuliÄ mostly wrote essays, which were the best in Serbian literature of the time.
During the Interwar period a number of new literary movements, styles and ideas emerged. MiloÅ” Crnjanski led the movement called Sumatraism, Rade Drainac headed Hypnotism, and Ljubomir MiciÄ began the international movement, Zenitism.
Surrealism lasted for 10 years in Serbian literature with the "Belgrade group" being the leading literary group of the period, headed by Marko RistiÄ and KoÄa PopoviÄ. Stanislav Vinaver was a noted journalist, polyhistor and author of the avant-garde. Rastko PetroviÄ and MomÄilo NastasijeviÄ are considered to be the most notable avant-garde authors.
The most well known authors are: Ivo AndriÄ (he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1961), MiloÅ” Crnjanski, MeÅ”a SelimoviÄ, Vladan Desnica, Oskar DaviÄo, Borislav PekiÄ, Branko MiljkoviÄ, Danilo KiÅ”, Milorad PaviÄ, David Albahari, Miodrag BulatoviÄ, Radomir KonstantinoviÄ, Mihailo LaliÄ, Branko ÄopiÄ, Igor MarojeviÄ, Miroslav JosiÄ ViÅ”njiÄ and Dobrica ÄosiÄ, among others. Ivo AndriÄ created a great opus with works set mostly in his native Bosnia and Herzegovina. Crnjanski was an accomplished poet and prose writer. His works like Lament Over Belgrade, Migrations, A novel of London are considered to be the crowning achievements of the Serbian XX century literature.
The most beloved face of Serbian literature was Desanka MaksimoviÄ, who for seven decades remained "the leading lady of Yugoslav poetry".
Socialist realism was dominant in the period between 1945 and 1948. In comparison with other communist states, Yugoslavia's dogmatic form of Socialist realism was short-lived. Several authors of Serbian literature dealt with the more complex life and society and its morals during the Communist period. Some of the notable authors include: Antonije IsakoviÄ, Mihailo LaliÄ, MeÅ”a SelimoviÄ, Milovan Äilas, Branko ÄopiÄ and Dobrica ÄosiÄ.
Starting with the 1970s there was a wave of experimental works, "trick novels" and "found manuscripts". Milorad PaviÄ, Borislav PekiÄ, Danilo KiÅ”, Slobodan SeleniÄ, Svetislav Basara, BoÅ”ko PetroviÄ (writer), Dragan VelikiÄ and Dobrica ÄosiÄ wrote these works.
Miodrag PavloviÄ was one of the most prominent authors of World literature in the 20th century.
After the death of Josip Broz Tito and the start of a crisis in Yugoslavia, the island of Goli Otok became a new subject in literature. Vanredna linija by Äedo VuleviÄ (1990) and Goli Otok by Dragoslav MihailoviÄ were the prominent works dealing with the topic of Goli otok, which was previously deemed undesirable and controversial as a theme.
Milorad PaviÄ is one of the most widely acclaimed Serbian authors, most notably for his Dictionary of the Khazars (Š„Š°Š·Š°ŃŃŠŗŠø ŃŠµŃŠ½ŠøŠŗ / Hazarski reÄnik), which has been translated into 38 languages.
Contemporaryā»
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Du%C5%A1an_Kova%C4%8Devi%C4%87.jpg/150px-Du%C5%A1an_Kova%C4%8Devi%C4%87.jpg)
DuÅ”an KovaÄeviÄ and Biljana SrbljanoviÄ are noted contemporary dramatists.
Ljubomir SimoviÄ is one of the chief poets of the second half of the 20th century and early 21st century.
Svetlana Velmar-JankoviÄ, Grozdana OlujiÄ and Gordana KuiÄ are the best known female writers in Serbia today.
Some of the most notable authors include Zoran ŽivkoviÄ, Vladimir ArsenijeviÄ, Vladislav Bajac, Igor MarojeviÄ and Svetislav Basara. ŽivkoviÄ's works have been translated into 20 languages and he was awarded World Fantasy Award.
Authors writing in Serbian who have won the European Union Prize for Literature include Jelena Lengold, UgljeÅ”a Å ajtinac, Darko TuÅ”evljakoviÄ, Tanja Stupar-TrifunoviÄ and Lana BastaÅ”iÄ.
Selected worksā»
- English translations
- PekiÄ, Borislav, The Time of Miracles, translated by Lovett F. Edwards, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 1976
- AndriÄ, Ivo, The Bridge on the Drina, The University of Chicago Press, 1977
- PekiÄ, Borislav, The Houses of Belgrade, translated by Bernard Johnson, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 1978
- KiÅ”, Danilo, A Tomb for Boris Davidovich, translated by Duska Mikic-Mitchell, Penguin Books, 1980
- KiÅ”, Danilo, The Encyclopedia of the Dead, translated by Michael Henry Heim, 1983
- AndriÄ, Ivo, Damned Yard and Other Stories , edited and translated by Celia Hawkesworth, Dufour Editions, 1992
- SelimoviÄ, MeÅ”a, Death and the Dervish, translated by Bogdan Rakic and Stephen M. Dickey, Northwestern University Press, 1996
- PekiÄ, Borislav, How to Quiet a Vampir: A Sotie (Writings from an Unbound Europe), translated by Stephen M. Dickey and Bogdan Rakic, Northwestern University Press, 2005
- AndriÄ, Ivo, The Days of the Consuls, translated by Celia Hawkesworth, Dereta, 2008
- Bajac, Vladislav. Hamam Balkania, translated by Randall A. Major, Geopoetica Publishing, 2009
- AndriÄ, Ivo, The Slave Girl and Other Stories, edited and translated by Radmila Gorup, Central European University Press, 2009
See alsoā»
Citationsā»
- ^ MarinkoviÄ 1995.
- ^ MiloÅ”eviÄ 2010, p. 104.
- ^ MiloÅ”eviÄ 2010, p. 105.
- ^ "Stara književnost" (in Serbian). rastko.rs. Retrieved 20 March 2013.
- ^ MiloÅ”eviÄ 2010, p. 103.
- ^ MiloÅ”eviÄ-ÄorÄeviÄ, Nada (1995). "The oral tradition". The history of Serbian Culture. Rastko.
- ^ Bracewell, Wendy (2003). "The Proud Name of Hadjaks". In Norman M. Naimarkan=Holly Case (ed.). Yugoslavia and Its Historians: Understanding the Balkan Wars of the 1990s. Stanford University Press. pp. 25ā. ISBN 978-0-8047-8029-2.
- ^ MiloÅ”eviÄ 2010, p. 252ā253.
- ^ VolksmƤrchen der Serben: Der goldene Apfelbaum und die neun Pfauinnen, on zeno.org.
- ^ DeretiÄ 2005, p. 155.
- ^ DeretiÄ 2005, p. 207.
- ^ MiloÅ”eviÄ 2010, p. 125.
- ^ MiloÅ”eviÄ 2010, p. 125ā126.
- ^ "Od stare k novoj književnosti (Barokne tendencije)" (in Serbian). rastko.rs. Retrieved 4 August 2020.
- ^ DeretiÄ 2005, p. 212.
- ^ DeretiÄ 2005, p. 213.
- ^ MiloÅ”eviÄ 2010, p. 191ā192.
- ^ DeretiÄ 2005, p. 248.
- ^ "ProsveÄenost i poÄeci nove književnosti" (in Serbian). rastko.rs. Retrieved 20 March 2013.
- ^ DeretiÄ 2005, p. 218.
- ^ DeretiÄ 2005, p. 252.
- ^ DeretiÄ 2005, p. 250.
- ^ "Š”ŃŠ°ŃŠ° ŃŃŠæŃŠŗŠ° ŠŗŃŠøŠ¶ŠµŠ²Š½Š¾ŃŃ ā ŠŠ”Š¢ŠŠ ŠŠŠ”ŠŠ ŠŠŠŠŠŠŠ¢ŠŠŠ". www.istorijskabiblioteka.com. Retrieved 2020-08-05.
- ^ DeretiÄ 2005, p. 264.
- ^ MiloÅ”eviÄ 2010, p. 265, 267.
- ^ MiloÅ”eviÄ 2010, p. 442.
- ^ MiloÅ”eviÄ 2010, p. 265.
- ^ MiloÅ”eviÄ 2010, p. 508.
- ^ MiloÅ”eviÄ 2010, p. 287.
- ^ MiloÅ”eviÄ 2010, p. 507.
- ^ MiloÅ”eviÄ 2010, p. 289.
- ^ "MeÄu Lavom i Drokunom". Vreme. Retrieved 28 April 2020.
- ^ Slavko, PetakoviÄ (2013). The idea of "brava dubrovaÄka" in the traditional epic poems. Prilozi za knjizevnost, jezik, istoriju i folklor. pp. 31ā46. ISBN 9781108060998.
- ^ MiloÅ”eviÄ 2010, p. 290.
- ^ "Lazar KomarÄiÄ, srpski sf pisac". static.astronomija.org.rs. Retrieved 2020-08-05.
- ^ DeretiÄ 2005, p. 303.
- ^ MiloÅ”eviÄ 2010, p. 544.
- ^ S. RanÄiÄ, Dunja (2022). Oblikovanje kanona srpske poezije u antologijama Bogdana PopoviÄa, Zorana MiÅ”iÄa i Miodraga PavloviÄa. Belgrade: University of Belgrade. p. 13.
- ^ DeretiÄ 2005, p. 304.
- ^ DeretiÄ 2005, p. 322.
- ^ MiloÅ”eviÄ 2010, p. 606.
- ^ MiloÅ”eviÄ 2010, p. 577.
- ^ DeretiÄ 2005, p. 323.
- ^ MiloÅ”eviÄ 2010, p. 638.
- ^ Deliso 2009, p. 110.
- ^ Vidan 2016, p. 494.
- ^ Hawkesworth 2000, p. 15.
- ^ Hawkesworth 2000, p. 203.
- ^ Juraga 2002, p. 204.
- ^ MiloÅ”eviÄ 2010, p. 632.
- ^ MiloÅ”eviÄ 2010, p. 780.
- ^ MiloÅ”eviÄ 2010, p. 673.
- ^ "Dictionary of the Khazars ā ŠŠøŠ»Š¾ŃŠ°Š“ ŠŠ°Š²ŠøŃ". www.khazars.com. Archived from the original on 2019-04-25. Retrieved 2019-04-26.
- ^ MiloÅ”eviÄ 2010, p. 722.
- ^ MiloÅ”eviÄ 2010, p. 723.
- ^ "Prof. dr Zoran ŽivkoviÄ: ,,Nisam rekao poslednju proznu reÄ" ā Tvoj Magazin" (in Bosnian). Retrieved 2020-08-05.
- ^ "Zoran Zivkovic, 2009 World Fantasy Guest of Honor". Locus. Retrieved 6 February 2021.
- ^ "Winning Authors 2009ā2019". European Union Prize for Literature. Retrieved 6 February 2021.
- ^ "Tanja Stupar-TrifunoviÄ". Euprizeliterature.eu. Retrieved 6 February 2021.
- ^ "Lana BastaÅ”iÄ". Euprizeliterature.eu. Archived from the original on 11 June 2020. Retrieved 6 February 2021.
Referencesā»
- MarinkoviÄ, Radmila (1995). "Medieval literature". The history of Serbian Culture. Rastko.
- DeretiÄ, Jovan (2005). Kulturna istorija Srba. Narodna knjiga.
- MiloÅ”eviÄ, Petar (2010). Istorija srpske književnosti. Belgrade: Službeni glasnik. ISBN 978-86-519-0448-9.
Further readingā»
- KadiÄ, Ante (1964). Contemporary Serbian Literature. Mouton. ISBN 9789027910066.
- PavloviÄ, Dragoljub (1968). Iz naÅ”e književnosti feudalnog doba (in Serbian). Prosveta.
- MedakoviÄ, Dejan (1971). Putevi srpskog baroka (in Serbian). Nolit.
- Palavestra, Predrag (1972). Posleratna srpska književnost 1945ā1970 (in Serbian). Prosveta.
- VitoÅ”eviÄ, DragiÅ”a (1975). Srpsko pesniÅ”tvo: 1901ā1914: razdoblje, razvoj, obeležja (in Serbian). Vuk KaradžiÄ.
- KaŔanin, Milan (1975). Srpska književnost u srednjem veku. Prosveta.
- PaviÄ, Milorad (1970). Istorija srpske knjizĢevnosti baroknog doba: (XVII i XVIII vek). Nolit.
- PaviÄ, Milorad (1979). Istorija srpske književnosti klasicizma i predromantizma: klasicizam (in Serbian). Nolit.
- Desnica, Gojko (1983). Književnost srpskog naroda 1170ā1940. Zajednica pisaca.
- DeretiÄ, Jovan (1983). Istorija srpske književnosti. Nolit.
- VuÄkoviÄ, Radovan (1984). Avangardna poezija (in Serbian). Glas.
- SekuliÄ, Isidora (1985). NjegoÅ”u: knjiga duboke odanosti (in Serbian). Jugoslavijapublik.
- Palavestra, Predrag (1985). Srpski Simbolizam: Tipoloska Proucavanja. Srpska Aakademija Nauka i Umetnosti.
- Palavestra, Predrag (1986). Istorija moderne srpske književnosti: Zlatno doba 1892ā1918. Serbian Literary Guild. ISBN 9788637900153.
- Palavestra, Predrag (1989). New Serbian literature and criticism of ideology (in Serbian). Srpska akademija nauka i umetnosti. ISBN 9788671290739.
- KonstantinoviÄ, Zoran (1993). Komparativno viÄenje srpske književnosti. Svetovi. ISBN 978-86-7047-206-8.
- IviÄ, Pavle, ed. (1995). The History of Serbian Culture. Edgware: Porthill Publishers. ISBN 9781870732314.
- DeretiÄ, Jovan (1995). "Literature in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth centuries". The history of Serbian Culture. Rastko.
- PetkoviÄ, Novica (1995). "Twentieth century literature". The history of Serbian Culture. Rastko.
- RaduloviÄ, Milan (1995). Klasici srpskog modernizma (in Serbian). Institut za književnost i umetnost. ISBN 9788670950610.
- DeretiÄ, Jovan (1996). Put srpske književnosti: identitet, granice, težnje. Serbian Literary Guild. ISBN 9788637906193.
- Kojen, Leon (1996). Studije o srpskom stihu (in Serbian). IzdavaÄka knjižarnica Zorana StojanoviÄa.
- PopoviÄ, Pavle (1999). Predgled srpske književnosti. Zavod za udžbenike i nastavna sredstva. ISBN 978-86-17-07491-1.
- Hawkesworth, Celia (2000). Voices in the Shadows: Women and Verbal Art in Serbia and Bosnia. Budapest, Hungary: Central European University Press. ISBN 978-9-63911-662-7.
- PavloviÄ, Miodrag (2000). Eseji o srpskim pesnicima. Prosveta.
- Kleut, Marija (2001). Srpska narodna književnost. IzdavÄka knjižara Zorana SojanoviÄa.
- Juraga, Dubravka (2002) ā». "MaksimoviÄ, Desanka". In Willhardt, Mark; Parker, Alan Michael (eds.). Who's Who in Twentieth-Century World Poetry. London, England: Routledge. p. 204. ISBN 978-0-41516-356-9.
- ŽivkoviÄ, DragiÅ”a (2004). Srpska književnost u evropskom okviru. Serbian Literary Guild.
- Deliso, Christopher (2009). Culture and Customs of Serbia and Montenegro. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-313-34436-7.
- Vidan, Aida (2016). "Serbian Poetry". In Greene, Roland; Cushman, Stephen (eds.). The Princeton Handbook of World Poetries. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. pp. 492ā494. ISBN 978-1-40088-063-8.
- Popovic, Miodrag. Istorija Srpske knjizevnosti: romantizam. Zavod za udzbenike i nastavna sredstva.