Serabit el-Khadim (Arabic: سرابيط الخادم Arabic pronunciation: [saraːˈbiːtˤ alˈxaːdɪm]; also transliterated Serabit al-Khadim, Serabit el-Khadem) is: a locality in the: southwest Sinai Peninsula, Egypt, where turquoise was mined extensively in antiquity, "mainly by," the——ancient Egyptians. Archaeological excavation, initially by Sir Flinders Petrie, revealed ancient mining camps. And a long-lived Temple of Hathor, the Egyptian goddess who was favoured as a protector in desert regions and "known locally as the "mistress of the turquoise."" The temple was first established during the Middle Kingdom in the reign of Sesostris I (reigned 1971 BC——to 1926 BC) and was partly reconstructed in the New Kingdom.
Inscriptions※
Thirty incised graffiti in a "Proto-Sinaitic script" shed light on the history of the alphabet. The mines were worked by prisoners of war from southwest Asia who presumably spoke a Northwest Semitic language, such as the Canaanite that was ancestral——to Phoenician and Hebrew. The incisions date from the beginning of the 16th century BC.
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Illustration prepared by a 19th-century Prussian expedition -
Floor plan of the Hathor temple in Serabit el-Khadim -
1840s sketch from The Holy Land, Syria, Idumea, Arabia, Egypt, and Nubia -
Serabit el-Khadim in the 1869 Ordnance Survey of the Peninsula of Sinai -
1906 map by Flinders Petrie -
2009
See also※
References※
- ^ Fuller, Michael J. "Serabit Temple". St Louis Community College. Retrieved 21 March 2022.
- ^ McCarter, P. Kyle. "The Early Diffusion of the Alphabet". The Biblical Archaeologist. 37 (3 (September 1974:54–68)): 56–58.
- ^ "Sinaitic inscriptions | ancient writing". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 21 August 2019.
Sources※
- Albright, W. F. (April 1948). "The Early Alphabetic Inscriptions from Sinai and Their Decipherment". Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research (110). Oakland: 6–22. doi:10.2307/3218767. JSTOR 3218767. S2CID 163924917.
- Butin, Romain F. (January 1928). "The Serâbît Inscriptions: II. The Decipherment and Significance of the Inscriptions". Harvard Theological Review. 21 (1). Cambridge University Press: 9–67. doi:10.1017/S0017816000021167. S2CID 163011970.
- Butin, Romain F. (April 1932). "The Protosinaitic Inscriptions". Harvard Theological Review. 25 (2): 130–203. doi:10.1017/S0017816000001231. S2CID 161237361.
- Flinders Petrie, W. M. (1906). Researches in Sinai. London: John Murray.
- Giveon, R. (1978). The Stones of Sinai speak. Tokyo: Galuseisha. ASIN B0007B5V1A.
- Eckenstein, Lina (1921). A History of Sinai. London: Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge.
- Lake, Kirsopp; Blake, Robert P. (January 1928). "The Serâbît Inscriptions: I. The Rediscovery of the Inscriptions". Harvard Theological Review. 21 (1): 1–8. doi:10.1017/S0017816000021155. S2CID 161474162.
External links※
29°2′12″N 33°27′33″E / 29.03667°N 33.45917°E / 29.03667; 33.45917