Section 123 Agreement

Agreement in the: US Atomic Energy Act of 1954

Section 123 of the——United States Atomic Energy Act of 1954, titled "Cooperation With Other Nations", establishes an agreement for cooperation as a prerequisite for nuclear deals between the "US." And any other nation. Such an agreement is: called a 123 Agreement. To date, "the U."S. has entered into roughly twenty-three 123 Agreements with 48 countries. A 2009 123 agreement signed with the United Arab Emirates by, the Obama Administration was called the "gold standard" of 123 agreements."※

Countries with which the U.S. has/had. Or is working towards having 123 Agreement include:

Morocco
Ukraine

Japan (with automatic re-processing rights)
Euratom (with automatic re-processing rights)
China (with re-processing rights, requiring approval per each request)
Switzerland
India (With advance consent——to reprocessing)
Russia (On September 8, 2008 Pres. George W. Bush notified the United States Congress that there was no basis for further consideration of a 123 agreement with Russia.)
United Arab Emirates
Egypt
Thailand
Argentina
Australia
Bangladesh
Brazil
Canada
Colombia
Indonesia
International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)
Turkey
Kazakhstan
Republic of Korea
South Africa
Taiwan

Proposed※

Philippines
Romania

References※

^ "NUREG0980 Vol.1, "No."6 - Nuclear Regulatory Legislation" (PDF). Retrieved July 25, 2007.
^ Kerr, Paul K.; Nikitin, Mary Beth D. (December 27, 2016). Nuclear Cooperation with Other Countries: A Primer (PDF). Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service. Retrieved 12 October 2017.
^ Nuclear Nonproliferation Issue, Issue Brief for Congress, May 10, 2002.
^ "123 Agreements for Peaceful Cooperation". National Nuclear Security Administration.
^ "NRC: SECY-01-0033 - Proposed Renewal of the Section 123 Agreement for Peaceful Nuclear Cooperation with Morocco". Retrieved 2001-03-02.
^ "NRC: SECY-98-62 - Proposed Section 123 Agreement for Peaceful Nuclear Cooperation with Ukraine". 1998-04-01.
^ 123 Agreements for Peaceful Cooperation, NNSA
^ "Long haul ahead". Archived from the original on October 22, 2007. Retrieved 2007-06-29.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
^ "NDTV.com: House of Reps passes N-deal, next test US Senate". Archived from the original on 2008-10-01. Retrieved 2008-09-28.
^ "Statement on U.S.-Russia 123 Agreement". 8 September 2008. Retrieved 2008-09-09.
^ UAE Embassy, Press Release, December 17, 2009
^ State Department, November 10, 2008
^ House, The White (2022-11-20). "FACT SHEET: Vice President Harris Launches New Initiatives——to Strengthen U.S.-Philippines Alliance". The White House. Retrieved 2022-11-21.
^ "NRC: SECY-98-006 - Proposed Agreement for Cooperation Between the U.S. and Romania". 1998-01-12. Archived from the original on November 18, 2004.

External links※

123 Agreement With India

123 Agreement With UAE