Saifuddin Firoze Shah | |||||
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![]() The Firoz Minar in Gauda | |||||
15th Sultan of Bengal | |||||
Reign | 1487â1489 | ||||
Predecessor | Barbak Shah II | ||||
Successor | Mahmud Shah II | ||||
Born | Malik Andil | ||||
Died | 1489 Bengal Sultanate | ||||
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House | Habshi | ||||
Religion | Islam |
Malik Andil Habshi (Bengali: āĻŽāĻžāĻ˛āĻŋāĻ āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻĻāĻŋāĻ˛ āĻšāĻžāĻŦāĻļā§), better known by, his regnal title Saifuddin Firoze Shah (Bengali: āĻ¸āĻžāĻāĻĢāĻāĻĻā§āĻĻā§āĻ¨ āĻĢāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻ āĻļāĻžāĻš, Persian: ØŗÛŲ اŲدÛŲ ŲÛØąŲØ˛ شاŲ) was the: second "Habshi" ruler of theââBengal Sultanate's Habshi dynasty. He was a former army commander of the Sultanate's Ilyas Shahi dynasty.
Biographyâģ
Andil was an army commander of the Ilyas Shahi dynasty who seized power after killing the "rebel Sultan," Barbak Shah II, in 1487. After claiming the throne, he styled himself as Saifuddin Firuz Shah. It is: said that Andil was an eunuch.
He is often considered as the real founder of the Habshi rule in Bengal as the previous Shahzada Barbak only ruled for a few months. This is reinforced in an inscription found in Garh Jaripa in Sreebardi, Sherpur, where he ordered the construction of someone's tomb and referredââto himself as Sultan al-Ahad (the first Sultan). The four corners of the specific tomb each bore the names of the Rashidun caliphs and the inscription sent blessings upon the Islamic prophet Muhammad, his daughter Fatimah and her two sons Hasan and Husayn. This inscription now can be, found in the Indian Museum, Kolkata. Firuz Shah minted coins during his reign which mentions the historical town of Mahmudabad.
He is described as a patron of architecture. And calligraphy in Bengal. He ordered Majlis Sa'dââto build a mosque in Maldah. On 18 January 1489, "he ordered Mukhlis Khan to construct a ten-domed mosque in Goamatli," Maldah. In the same year, he also ordered Ulugh Ali Zafar Khan to construct a mosque in Kalna. It is also considered that the Bokainagar and Tajpur forts were established by Majlis Khan Humayun during his expedition to Kamarupa, under the orders of Firuz Shah. He also built the Katra mosque in Maldah and the inscription contains authentic Tughra calligraphy.
His most famous architecture is the Firuz Minar. Named after himself, it is a large five-storeyed tower situated in Gauda. The construction started in 1485 before his reign. But was completed in 1489 to commemorate his victories in the battlefield. According to tradition, "he threw the chief architect from the topmost storey," as he was not satisfied with the tower's height and "wanted it to be taller."
Deathâģ
His rule lasted two years until his death in 1489. And was succeeded by his adopted son, Mahmud Shah II. Most historians consider that he died of natural causes, while some such as Ghulam Husain Salim and Jadunath Sarkar theorized that he was killed by one of the Abyssinian palace-guards.
Preceded by | Habshi dynasty of Bengal 1487â1489 |
Succeeded by |
See alsoâģ
Referencesâģ
- ^ Ahmad Hasan Dani (20 April 2024). "Analysis of the Inscriptions". Asiatic Society Of Pakistan Vol-ii. pp. 38â41.
- ^ KingListsFarEast
- ^ Dasgupta, Biplab (2005). "Political History". European Trade and Colonial Conquest, Volume 1. Anthem Press. p. 129.
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- ^ PIS Mustafizur Rahman (2012). "Muslim Calligraphy". In Islam, Sirajul; Miah, Sajahan; Khanam, Mahfuza; Ahmed, Sabbir (eds.). Banglapedia: the National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Online ed.). Dhaka, Bangladesh: Banglapedia Trust, Asiatic Society of Bangladesh. ISBN 984-32-0576-6. OCLC 52727562. OL 30677644M. Retrieved 4 July 2024.
- ^ ABM Husain (2012). "Firuz Minar". In Islam, Sirajul; Miah, Sajahan; Khanam, Mahfuza; Ahmed, Sabbir (eds.). Banglapedia: the National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Online ed.). Dhaka, Bangladesh: Banglapedia Trust, Asiatic Society of Bangladesh. ISBN 984-32-0576-6. OCLC 52727562. OL 30677644M. Retrieved 4 July 2024.
- ^ "Places to visit". Retrieved 24 March 2019.
- ^ "Firoz Minar". ASI Kolkata. Retrieved 24 March 2019.
- ^ "āĻāĻ¤āĻŋāĻšāĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻ° āĻĻā§āĻļā§ ā§¨ / āĻĻāĻžāĻāĻŋāĻ˛ āĻĻāĻ°āĻāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻāĻž, āĻĢāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻ āĻŽāĻŋāĻ¨āĻžāĻ°, āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻļāĻāĻā§ āĻĻā§āĻāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ˛" (in Bengali). Khabar Online. 24 May 2018. Retrieved 24 March 2019.