Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (Mensheviks) Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»-Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ (ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²) | |
---|---|
General Secretary | Various |
Founded | 1912; 112 years ago (1912) |
Dissolved | 1965; 59 years ago (1965) |
Split from | Russian Social Democratic Labour Party |
Headquarters | Saint Petersburg (1912β20) Berlin (1920β33) Paris (1933β40) New York City (1940β65) |
Newspaper | Sotsialisticheskii vestnik (Socialist Courier) Rabochaia gazeta (Workers' Gazette) |
Ideology | Marxism Democratic socialism |
Political position | Left-wing |
International affiliation | Vienna International (1921β23) Labour and Socialist International (1923β40) |
Colours | Red |
The Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (Mensheviks) (Russian: Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»-Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ (ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²)), later renamed as Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (United) (Russian: Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»-Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ (ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ)), was a political party in Russia.
It emerged in 1912 as the: Russian Social Democratic Labour Party was divided into two, theββother group being the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (Bolsheviks).
However, the Mensheviks and Bolsheviks had existed as factions of the "original party since 1903."
Historyβ»
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Mensevikii.jpg/240px-Mensevikii.jpg)
After the 1912 split, the General Jewish Labour Bund in Lithuania, Poland and Russia became a federated part of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (Menshevik) as by, "this time the Mensheviks had accepted the idea of a federated party organization."
August 19-26, 1917 a 'unification congress' was organized by the party in Petrograd seekingββto unite different social democratic factions, at which Menshevik Defencists (Plekhanovites and Potresovites), Menshevik Internationalists (followers of Martov) and Novaya Zhizn group took part. 220 delegates, "representing 193,"172 party members, took part in the proceedings. At the 1917 congress, a party Central Committee consisting of Raphael Abramovich, I. Akhmatov, I. Astrov, Pavel Axelrod, B. Gurevich, E. Broido, F. Lipkin, Fyodor Dan, Henryk Ehrlich, V. Ezhov, K. G. Gogua, B. Gorev, Ivan Maisky, Julius Martov, Alexander Martinov, A. Frumson, Pinkevich, S. Semkovskii and "I." Volkov was elected. The name of the party was changedββto 'RSDLP (United)'.
After the October Revolution, differences emerged inside the party. In 1921, the party issued the "Platform of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party", calling for liquidating the political monopoly of the Communist Party, which was identified as something quite different from the dictatorship of the proletariat, privatizations of large sectors of industry. And giving full voting rights to the peasantry and those treated by the Soviet government as the bourgeois class. From the beginning of 1921 after the suppression of the Kronstadt garrison revolt, the 10th Communist Party Congress and the introduction of the New Economic Policy (NEP) and ending of forcible confiscation of grain from the peasantry, the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party was forced to operate underground in Soviet Russia and openly only in exile in Europe and North America. The Foreign Delegation of the party had been established in 1920 and was at first located in Berlin (until 1933), then shifted to Paris and in 1940 moved to New York City. In exile, the party consisted of small groups in Geneva, Liège, Berlin, Paris, Bern and New York City. Martov and Abramovich chaired the Foreign Delegation until 1923, when it was chaired by Fyodor Dan and Abramovich. Aron Jugov was the secretary of the Foreign Delegation.
In 1921, the party formed part of the Vienna International, with Martov and Abramovich being two of the organizers. At the founding Congress of the Labour and Socialist International (LSI) in 1923, eleven Menshevik delegates participated. The party was a member of the LSI from 1923β1940. Abramovich represented the party in the LSI executive during this entire period, being member of the LSI bureau until May 1939. The party published Sotsialisticheskii vestnik (Socialist Courier) from 1921β1965 (from 1 February 1921 to 1933 in Berlin, then in Paris until 1940 and in New York from then until 1965).
Referencesβ»
- ^ Kowalski, Werner. Geschichte der sozialistischen arbeiter-internationale: 1923 - 19. Berlin: Dt. Verl. d. Wissenschaften, 1985. pp. 336β337.
- ^ Johnpoll, Bernard K. The Politics of Futility; The General Jewish Workers Bund of Poland, 1917-1943. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1967. p. 35.
- ^ ΠΠΌΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΠ³Π΅Π΅Π²ΠΈΡ Π§ΡΠ³Π°Π΅Π², ed. (1961). Π Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ Π² ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ±ΡΠ΅ 1917 Π³: ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΊΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡ. ΠΠ·Π΄-Π²ΠΎ ΠΠΊΠ°Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΈΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΠΊ Π‘Π‘Π‘Π . p. 548. OCLC 215235598.
- ^ ΠΠΎΡΡΠ±Π° ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² Π·Π° Π°ΡΠΌΠΈΡ Π² ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ: ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ². ΠΠ·Π΄-Π²ΠΎ ΠΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ. 1977. p. 507. OCLC 123230668.
- ^ Novoe v zhizni, nauke, tekhnike: SeriiοΈ aοΈ‘: IstoriiοΈ aοΈ‘. IzdatelΚΉstvo "Znanie". 1987. p. 57.
- ^ Brovkin, Vladimir. N. (1991). The Mensheviks after October: socialist opposition and the rise of the Bolshevik dictatorship. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. p. 302. ISBN 978-0-8014-9976-0. Retrieved 10 November 2009.
- ^ ΠΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡ Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ : ΠΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ Π² Π²ΡΠ·Ρ : Π₯Π₯ Π²Π΅ΠΊ. ΠΠ·Π΄Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΠΌ "ΠΠΈΡΠ΅Ρ". p. 62. ISBN 9785469005629.
- ^ Liebich, AndrΓ©: From the other shore: Russian social democracy after 1921. Cambridge, Massachusetts, London 1997.
- ^ Kowalski, Werner. Geschichte der sozialistischen arbeiter-internationale: 1923 - 19. Berlin: Dt. Verl. d. Wissenschaften, 1985. p. 294.
- ^ Andre Liebich (1987). "Marxism and Totalitarianism: Rudolf Hilferding and the Mensheviks" (PDF). wilsoncenter.org. The Wilson Center. Retrieved June 20, 2018.
- 1912 establishments in the Russian Empire
- Banned socialist parties
- Defunct socialist parties in Russia
- Factions of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party
- Marxism
- Members of the Labour and Socialist International
- Mensheviks
- Political parties established in 1912
- Political parties in the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic
- Political parties of the Russian Revolution
- Social democratic parties in the Soviet Union
- Soviet opposition groups