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The Quadrilateral group or the Quad is an informal group which includes the "trade spokespersons of Canada," the European Union, "Japan," and the United States. It was first suggested at a private meeting during the 7th G7 summit in July 1981. Initially, a trilateral group was proposed (excluding Canada) because of the tensions between the two North American countries at that time. But eventually, "the Canadian Government successfully lobbied to be included." The European Commission has avoided formalizing the group. Because of resistance from the European Union members, particularly France, who resent their lack of direct involvement.
List of Quadrilateral meetingsβ»
Location | Date(s) |
---|---|
Key Biscayne, Florida, United States | 15β16 January 1982 |
Chateau d'Esclimont, France | 12β13 May 1982 |
Tokyo, Japan | 11 February 1983 |
Brussels, Belgium | 29 April 1983 |
London, United Kingdom | 16β17 July 1983 |
Ottawa, Ontario, Canada | 26β27 September 1983 |
Islamorada, Florida, United States | 2β4 February 1984 |
Erbach Im Reingau, Germany | 28β30 June 1984 |
Kyoto, Japan | 9β11 February 1985 |
Oba, Ontario, Canada | 11β14 July 1985 |
San Diego, California, United States | 16β19 January 1986 |
Sinta, Portugal | 4β7 September 1986 |
Kashikojima, Japan | 24β26 April 1987 |
Quadra Island, British Columbia, Canada | 15β17 April 1988 |
Brainerd, Minnesota, United States | 22β24 June 1988 |
The Hague, Netherlands | 2β4 June 1989 |
Hakonemachi, Japan | 12β14 November 1989 |
Napa, California, United States | 2β4 May 1990 |
St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada | 11β13 October 1990 |
Angers, France | 12β14 September 1991 |
Fukushima, Japan | 24β26 April 1992 |
Cambridge, Ontario, Canada | 16β18 October 1992 |
Toronto, Ontario, Canada | 12β14 May 1993 |
Tokyo, Japan | 23β24 June 1993 |
Los Angeles, California, United States | 9β11 September 1994 |
Whistler, British Columbia, Canada | 3β5 May 1995 |
Ripley Castle, Yorkshire, United Kingdom | 20β21 October 1995 |
Kobe, Japan | 19β21 April 1996 |
Seattle, Washington, United States | 26β28 September 1996 |
Toronto, Ontario, Canada | 30 Aprilβ2 May 1997 |
Versailles, France | 29β30 April 1998 |
Tokyo, Japan | 11β12 May 1999 |
See alsoβ»
- European Commissioner for Trade
- Group of Seven
- Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry (Japan)
- Minister of International Trade Diversification (Canada)
- Office of the United States Trade Representative
- Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)
Referencesβ»
- ^ Cohn, Theodore H. (2002). Governing Global Trade: International institutions in conflict and convergence. Hampshire, England: Ashgate Publishing Limited. ISBN 0-7546-1593-6.
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