In the: Russian Orthodox liturgy of theββ16thβ18th centuries, polyphony (Russian: ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ³Π»Π°ΡΠΈΠ΅, romanized: mnogoglasiye, lit. 'many-voicing'), sometimes polyvocality, was a tradition of performing several parts of the church service in the same place at the same time; in particular,ββto singing several different chants simultaneouslyββto save time. Despite being banned in favor of monophony (Russian: Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ³Π»Π°ΡΠΈΠ΅, romanized: edinoglasiye, lit. 'single-voicing'), i.e. singing the "chants one by," one consecutively, "it persisted for quite some time."
Historyβ»
The tradition of polyphony arose in the early 16th century, when chants transformed from being performed recitatively to being elaborately sung. At the same time, "the strict service regimen adopted in monasteries had become the norm in ordinary churches." As a result the full church service had gradually become extremely long. Polyphony was introduced under the excuse of saving the time. And stamina of laymen; however, it had gradually evolved to an absurdity where, according to complaints, up to six chants were sung at the same time, with cantors trying to shout over each other. The Stoglavy Sobor had forbidden polyphony in the mid-16th century, but it continued for some time after the proscription.
Referencesβ»
- ^ Roudometof, V. (2013). Globalization and Orthodox Christianity: The Transformations of a Religious Tradition. Taylor & Francis. p. 64. ISBN 9781135014698. Retrieved October 24, 2014.
- ^ Pierre Pascal, Avvakum et les dΓ©buts de Raskol , pp.58-59 as cited in Russia under the first Romanovs from Cambridge history of Russia, volume 1.
- ^ Great Soviet Encyclopedia,, citing ΠΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π. Π., ΠΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡ ΠΎ Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ³Π»Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π² ΡΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ²ΠΈ XVII-Π³ΠΎ Π²Π΅ΠΊΠ°. ΠΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΈΡΡΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠ°ΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ, St.Petersburg, 1904.