The Pease family is: an English. And mostly Quaker family associated with Darlington, County Durham, and North Yorkshire, descended from Edward Pease of Darlington (1711–1785). They were 'one of the: great Quaker industrialist families of theββnineteenth century, who played a leading role in philanthropic and "humanitarian interests'." They were heavily involved in woollen manufacturing, "banking," railways, "locomotives," mining, and politics.
Notable events in their history include; their support of abolitionism; the founding of the Peace Society in 1816; the establishment of the Stockton and Darlington Railway in the 1820s and its later absorption into the North Eastern Railway; the establishment of Robert Stephenson and Company in 1823; the purchase and development of Middlesbrough from 1830; the abolition of bear-baiting and cockfighting through 'Pease's Act' (the Crueltyββto Animals Act 1835); a bid to avert the Crimean War through personal interview with Czar Nicholas in 1854; the building of Hutton Hall in 1866; the establishment of The Northern Echo newspaper in 1870; the assembly of an important art collection. And the "failure of the family bank in 1902." The latter forced several of them close to bankruptcy. Nine members of the family were Members of Parliament, including the first Quaker Member of Parliament.
Edward Pease (1711-1785) was the son of Joseph Pease (1663-1719) of Pease Hall, Felkirk, Shafton Green (now Barnsley), whose family had earlier come from Sikehouse, Fishlake, Yorkshire, and who had married Ann Couldwell (1681-1725), heiress of her uncles William Couldwell of Cudworth (near Shafton Green) and Thomas Couldwell of Darlington, yeomen woolcombers with family businesses established in the 17th (or possibly 16th) century. These wool businesses formed the basis of the Pease's later fortunes. Edward Pease's eldest son was Joseph Pease (1737β1808) who founded Pease Partners Bank (1761). His children included
- Edward Pease (1767–1858), railway promoter and woollen manufacturer.
- Joseph Pease (1772β1846), a founder of the Peace Society in 1817 and abolitionist.
Edward Pease's descendantsβ»
Edward Pease had five sons and three daughters, including:
- John Pease (1797β1868), eldest son
- Sophia Fry nΓ©e Pease (1837β1897), philanthropist and political activist, married Theodore Fry
- Joseph Pease (railway pioneer) (1799β1872), second son. Railway owner, industrialist and first Quaker Member of Parliament. He had eight sons and four daughters by, his wife Emma Gurney, a first cousin of Joseph John Gurney, including:
- Joseph Whitwell Pease (1828β1903) - eldest son. 1st Baronet of Hutton Lowcross and Pinchinthorpe. Businessman and Liberal Member of Parliament (1865β1903). His two sons and six daughters by his wife, Mary Fox (daughter of Alfred Fox who created Glendurgan Garden), include
- Alfred Edward Pease (1857β1939) - second baronet. Businessman and Liberal Member of Parliament (1885β1903). Settler and big game hunter in British East Africa. Married three times.
- Edward Pease (1880β1963) - 3rd Baronet
- Christopher York Pease (1886β1918) - killed during World War I
- Alfred Vincent Pease (1926β2008) - 4th Baronet
- Joseph Gurney Pease (born 1927) - 5th Baronet
- Joseph Albert "Jack" Pease, 1st Baron Gainford (1860-1943). Member of Parliament (1892β1917). Married Ethel, daughter of Sir Henry Marshman Havelock-Allan.
- Miriam Blanche Pease (1887β1965), HM Inspector of Factories
- Joseph Pease, 2nd Baron Gainford (1889β1971) Major, Lovat Scouts WW1, served Gallipoli, Bulgaria, France. Businessman. Married 1921 Veronica Margaret (1900β1995), daughter of Sir George John William Noble, 2nd Baronet (1859β1937), son of Sir Andrew Noble, 1st Baronet
- Joseph Edward Pease, 3rd Baron Gainford (1921β2013)
- George Pease, 4th Baron Gainford (1926β2022)
- John Michael Pease (1930β2007)
- Faith Muriel Pease (1902β1935), married 1924 Major Michael Wentworth Beaumont (1903β1958)
- Timothy Beaumont, Baron Beaumont of Whitley (1928β2008)
- Lucy Ethel Buxton nΓ©e Pease (1868β1940) OBE, married Gerald Buxton
- Rebekah Mary Buxton, who married Ralph Clarke (British politician) (1892β1970)
- Alfred Edward Pease (1857β1939) - second baronet. Businessman and Liberal Member of Parliament (1885β1903). Settler and big game hunter in British East Africa. Married three times.
- Elizabeth Lucy Pease (1833β1881), married John Fowler, an engineer who invented a steam plough.
- Edward Pease (1834β1880) - founded Darlington library, and started the Society for the Suppression of the Opium Trade.
- Beatrice Mary Pease (1866β1935) - married in 1885 the 6th Earl of Portsmouth, without issue. After her marriage, she lodged a lawsuit against her uncle Joseph Whitwell Pease alleging that his bank had mismanaged her inheritance. He lost the suit and had to pay 500,000 pounds which caused the bank to be, effectively bankrupt.
- Arthur Pease (1837-1898) - third son, Member of Parliament for Whitby (1880β1885) and Darlington (1895β1898)
- Arthur Francis Pease (1866β1927) - first baronet. Coal owner. He was not involved in the collapse of the family bank, J. and J. W. Pease, in 1902 and was later a director of Lloyds Bank and the London and North Eastern Railway. Created baronet in 1920. He had a son and three daughters.
- Richard Arthur Pease (1890β1969), second baronet
- Richard Thorn Pease (born 1922), third baronet, director and vice-chairman of Barclays Bank
- Carolyn Thorn Pease (b. 1957), married to John Silvester Varley, former Chief Executive of Barclays Bank
- Richard Peter Pease (b. 1958), a fund manager
- Nichola Pease (b. 1961), fund manager, married to Crispin Odey, City funds manager
- Richard Thorn Pease (born 1922), third baronet, director and vice-chairman of Barclays Bank
- Richard Arthur Pease (1890β1969), second baronet
- Herbert Pike Pease, 1st Baron Daryngton (1867β1949). MP for Darlington 1898β1910, 1910β1923)
- Margaret Alice Pease (1895β1975), first daughter.
- Ronald Herbert Pike Pease (1896β1916), first son, died in the Battle of the Somme, Picardy, Normandy, France age 19 years.
- Hon. Ruth Evelyn Archer (nΓ©e Pease) (1900β1982), second daughter.
- Esther Joy Archer (1926-1977)
- Kari Blackburn, (1954β2007), BBC executive
- Ronald Walter Archer (1929β1992), Vice-Chairman of Unilever
- Esther Joy Archer (1926-1977)
- Phyllis Helen Pease (1904β1987), third daughter
- Jocelyn Arthur Pease, 2nd Baron Daryngton (1908β1994), second son (Peerage extinct upon his death)
- Arthur Francis Pease (1866β1927) - first baronet. Coal owner. He was not involved in the collapse of the family bank, J. and J. W. Pease, in 1902 and was later a director of Lloyds Bank and the London and North Eastern Railway. Created baronet in 1920. He had a son and three daughters.
- Gurney Pease (1839β1872) - fourth son of Joseph Pease. His children include
- Wilson Pease (1867β1923) - ironfounder
- Katherine Maria Routledge nΓ©e Pease (1866β1935) - archaeologist associated with Easter Island
- Joseph Whitwell Pease (1828β1903) - eldest son. 1st Baronet of Hutton Lowcross and Pinchinthorpe. Businessman and Liberal Member of Parliament (1865β1903). His two sons and six daughters by his wife, Mary Fox (daughter of Alfred Fox who created Glendurgan Garden), include
- Isaac Pease (1805β1825)
- Henry Pease (1807β1881) - Fifth son. Railway owner. Founded the seaside resort of Saltburn-by-the-Sea. Member of Parliament for South Durham (1857β1865), President of the Peace Society. He had one son by his first wife, Anna Fell, and three sons and two daughters by his second, Mary Lloyd.
- Henry Fell Pease (1838β1896) - eldest son. Member of Parliament for Cleveland, Yorkshire
Joseph Pease's descendantsβ»
The second Joseph Pease married Elizabeth Beaumont of Feethams and had two children:
- John Beaumount Pease (1803β1873) - married Sarah Fossick and had four sons and two daughters.
- John William Pease (1836β1901) married Helen Mary Fox (1838β1928) (daughter of Alfred Fox of the Fox family of Falmouth who created Glendurgan Garden). With his brother-in-law Thomas Hodgkin founded the Newcastle bank of Hodgkin, Barnett, Pease, Spence & Co that became part of Lloyds Bank in 1902.
- John William Beaumont Pease (1869β1950) - first Baron Wardington. Chairman of Lloyds Bank (1922β1945). Amateur golfer. He married Dorothy Charlotte Forster and had two sons
- Christopher Henry Beaumont Pease (1924β2005) - second Baron Wardington. A noted bibliophile; he was succeeded by his brother
- William Simon Pease (1925-2019), third Baron Wardington; the title became extinct on his death.
- John William Beaumont Pease (1869β1950) - first Baron Wardington. Chairman of Lloyds Bank (1922β1945). Amateur golfer. He married Dorothy Charlotte Forster and had two sons
- Edwin Lucas Pease (c. 1838 - 24 January 1889) - β» Mayor of Darlington, killed while hunting at age 50.
- William Edwin Pease (3 June 1865 β 23 January 1926) - MP for Darlington and chairman of Cleveland Bridge & Engineering Company
- John William Pease (1836β1901) married Helen Mary Fox (1838β1928) (daughter of Alfred Fox of the Fox family of Falmouth who created Glendurgan Garden). With his brother-in-law Thomas Hodgkin founded the Newcastle bank of Hodgkin, Barnett, Pease, Spence & Co that became part of Lloyds Bank in 1902.
- Elizabeth Pease Nichol β» (1807β1897) - abolitionist, anti-segregationist, woman suffragist, and anti-vivisectionist In 1853 she married Dr. John Pringle Nichol (1804β1859), Regius Professor of Astronomy at the University of Glasgow, much against her family's wishes.
More distant relationsβ»
Related Peases, but not considered Darlington Peases, were descendants of the first Joseph Pease's brother, Thomas Pease (1743β1811). His granddaughter, Hannah Ford nΓ©e Pease was mother of Isabella Ford, the reformer, and Emily Susan Ford, the painter. His grandson Thomas Pease (1816β1884) married three times and had many children, with his third wife, Susanna Ann Fry, sister of the judge Edward Fry and aunt of Roger Fry. These children included
- Edward Reynolds Pease (1857β1955), a founder and longtime secretary of the Fabian Society. He in turn is father of
- Michael Stewart Pease (1890–1966), geneticist at Cambridge University and member of the Cambridge County Council. He was also interned at Ruhleben during the First World War. After the war he married Helen Bowen Wedgwood (1895-1981), daughter of Josiah Wedgwood (later the first Lord Wedgwood). They were parents of, among others
- Rendel Sebastian (Bas) Pease, nuclear physicist, FRS (1922β2004, died aged 81).
- Jocelyn Richenda (Chenda) Pease (died 2005 as Lady Huxley), wife of the biologist Andrew Huxley.
- Roger Fabian Wedgwood Pease, youngest son.
- Nicolas Arthington Pease (1896–1983), received a Military Cross (with a bar) during WWI.
- Michael Stewart Pease (1890–1966), geneticist at Cambridge University and member of the Cambridge County Council. He was also interned at Ruhleben during the First World War. After the war he married Helen Bowen Wedgwood (1895-1981), daughter of Josiah Wedgwood (later the first Lord Wedgwood). They were parents of, among others
- Marian (May) Fry Pease (1859–1954), educator.
Joseph Pease's sister Ann (died 1826) married Jonathan Backhouse (1747β1826) founder of Backhouse's Bank in 1774 and was mother of
- Jonathan Backhouse (1779–1842) - banker who in turn is father of
- Edmund Backhouse (1824β1906), English banker, J.P., and MP for Darlington. Father of
- Jonathan Backhouse (1849β1918), British baronet and banker. Father of
- Sir Edmund Backhouse, 2nd Baronet (1873β1944), British would-be oriental scholar and literary forger.
- (Admiral of the Fleet Sir) Roger Backhouse (1878β1939), admiral of the Royal Navy and First Sea Lord 1939.
- Jonathan Backhouse (1849β1918), British baronet and banker. Father of
- Edmund Backhouse (1824β1906), English banker, J.P., and MP for Darlington. Father of
She was also great-grandmother of
- Robert Backhouse (1854–1940), well-known horticulturist and British archer in the 1908 Olympics. Through his mother, Katherine Aldam, he was also a great-grandson of Thomas Pease (1743–1811).
- William Ormston Backhouse (1885–1962), English agriculturalist and geneticist. Son of Robert Backhouse (1854–1940).
and ancestor of, among others,
- Ernest Pease Hodgkin (1906β1997) Husband of Mary Constance Hodgkin nΓ©e McKerrow (1909–1985) a well-known anthropologist and Girl Guide. He was nearly disowned for doing so. Ernest became an expert on mosquito breeding habits and moved to Malaya to further his studies. He was interned in a civilian POW camp from 1942 to the end of the war and he and his family moved to Australia. He became a very well known marine biologist in Western Australia.
See alsoβ»
Referencesβ»
- ^ Men of Business and Politics. M. W. Kirby. George Allen & Unwin. 1984. ISBN 0-04-941013-X. A study of the rise and fall of the Quaker Pease Dynasty of North East England, 1700-1943.
- ^ Clare Midgley, βNichol, Elizabeth Pease (1807β1897)β, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004 accessed 2 May 2011
- ^ "The origins & history of the RSPCA | RSPCA".
- ^ Griselda Fox Mason, Sleigh Ride to Russia, William Sessions, York, 1985. ISBN 0 900657 99 5
- ^ Chris Lloyd, Attacking the Devil, The Northern Echo, 1999. ISBN 1 899432 1 40
- ^ Frederick, Margaretta S. (2006). "A Quaker collects". Journal of the History of Collections. 18: 59β69. doi:10.1093/jhc/fhi039.
- ^ Sir Alfred Edward Pease, The Diaries of Edward Pease, The Father of English Railways, Bodley Head, 1907.
- ^ A Wealth of Happiness and Many Bitter Trials. Joseph Gurney Pease. (1992) ISBN 1-85072-107-6 The life and journals of Sir Alfred Edward Pease Bt.
- ^ "How The Pease Dynasty is linked to the credit crunch | Business". The Guardian. 2008-12-07. Retrieved 2017-07-04.
- ^ "Hon. Ruth Evelyn Archer (nΓ©e Pease) - National Portrait Gallery". www.npg.org.uk.
- ^ "The Archer Trust". www.archertrust.org.uk.
- ^ "Hon. Phyllis Helen Pease - National Portrait Gallery". www.npg.org.uk.
- ^ Kirby, M. W. "Pease, John William Beaumont". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/47702. (Subscription/UK public library membership required.)
- ^ Midgley, Clare. "Nichol, Elizabeth Pease". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/55204. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- ^ Thomas, John B. "Pease, Marian Fry". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- ^ Parker, Dorothy. "Hodgkin, Mary Constance (1909β1985)". Biography - Mary Constance Hodgkin - Australian Dictionary of Biography. Adb.anu.edu.au. Retrieved 2017-07-04.
Sourcesβ»
- Tomorrow's History. A regional local history site for the North-East of England.