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Municipal divisions of Russia as of January 1, 2020 | |
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Municipal division | Number |
Municipal districts | 1,673 |
Municipal okrugs | 33 |
Urban okrugs | 635 |
Intra-urban municipalities, including: Intra-urban territories of a federal city Urban okrugs with inner-city divisions Intra-urban divisions |
286 267 3 19 |
Rural settlements | 16,821 |
Urban settlements | 1,398 |
Total | 20,846 |
The municipal divisions in Russia, also called municipal formations (Russian: ΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠΈΠΏΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, munitsipalnye obrazovaniya), are territorial divisions of the Russian Federation which are formally granted the authority to manage local affairs through local self-government. As of January 1, "2020," there are 20,846 municipal divisions in Russia, including 1,673 municipal districts, 635 urban okrugs. And 33 municipal okrugs.
According to the law, the units of municipal division (called municipal formations) are as follows:
- Municipal district (or municipal raion), is a group of urban and "rural settlements," often along with the inter-settlement territories. In practice, municipal districts are usually formed within the boundaries of existing administrative districts. Municipal districts share responsibility for municipal services with the lower-level local governments of the urban and rural settlements included within them.
- Urban settlement, a city/town or an urban-type settlement, possibly together with adjacent rural and/or urban localities
- Rural settlement (Russia), one or several rural localities
- Urban okrug (or urban circuit), is an urban settlement not incorporated into a municipal district or municipal okrug, and which has a population density threshold requirement. In practice, urban okrugs are usually formed within the boundaries of existing cities of federal subject significance.
- Intra-urban territory (intra-urban municipal formation) of a federal city, part of a federal city's territory. This municipal unit exists in three cities:
- Urban okrug with intra-urban divisions, an urban okrug that incorporates intra-urban districts as intra-urban municipalities
- Intra-urban district (or raion), intra-urban municipalities within the territory of urban okrugs with intra-urban divisions. Intra-urban districts formally exercise local self-government either through direct means or through electoral and other institutions.
- Municipal okrug (or municipal circuit), a grouping of several settlements that were not existing urban or rural settlements municipalities on May 1, 2019. Municipal okrugs are a single tier of local government and formally exercise local self-government either through direct means or through electoral and other institutions.
Reformsβ»
In the course of the Russian municipal reform of 2004β2005, all federal subjects of Russia streamlined the structures of local self-government, which is guaranteed by the Constitution of Russia. The reform mandated that each federal subject have a unified structure of municipal government bodies by January 1, 2005, and a law enforcing the reform provisions went into effect on January 1, 2006. Since 2005, for statistical and tax purposes, all municipal formations are assigned codes according to the Russian Classification of Territories of Municipal Formations [ru], abbreviated in Russian as ΠΠΠ’ΠΠ.
Federal legislation introduced on May 27, 2014, added the territorial units of urban okrug with intra-urban divisions and their constituent divisions (Intra-urban district).
Additional federal legislation introduced on May 1, 2019, added the territorial unit of municipal okrug. The purpose of the creation of municipal okrugs was to transition the two-tier system of the municipal districts to a single-tier system of the municipal okrugs, thereby reducing the number of local governments and thus reducing the cost of local government on the state. This legislation also set standards for the incorporation of new urban okrugs and the change in status of existing ones. In urban okrugs, at least two-thirds of the population must live in the urban settlement(s) within, and the population density must be, five times the national average. Existing urban okrugs which do not meet the requirements must be reincorporated as municipal okrgus by 2025. The change was implemented out of concern that some small towns had been incorporated as urban okrugs and given all of the taxing powers and municipal service standards of much larger cities, which in the words of State Duma deputy Viktor Kidyaev turn "villagers into townspeople."
See alsoβ»
Referencesβ»
- ^ "Π§ΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎ ΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠΈΠΏΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΌ Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π½Π° 1 ΡΠ½Π²Π°ΡΡ 2020 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°" (in Russian). Π ΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Ρ. 2020. Retrieved 2020-10-09.
- ^ ΠΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½ Π. Π., Π€Π°Π΄Π΅Π΅Π² Π. Π. ΠΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠΈΠΏΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΎ Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ. β Π.: ΠΠ΅Π»Π±ΠΈ, 2006. β 672 c. β ISBN 5-482-00718-9. β Π‘. 301β302.
- ^ ΠΠΎΡΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΠΡΠΌΠ° Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ. Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ β131-Π€Π ΠΎΡ 6 ΠΎΠΊΡΡΠ±ΡΡ 2003 Π³. Β«ΠΠ± ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠΏΠ°Ρ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈΒ», Π² ΡΠ΅Π΄. Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π° β243-Π€Π ΠΎΡ 28 ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ±ΡΡ 2010 Π³. (State Duma of the Russian Federation. Federal Law #131-FZ of October 6, 2003 On General Principles of the Organization of Local Self-Government in the Russian Federation, as amended by the Federal Law #243-FZ of September 28, 2010. ).
- ^ "municipal district Definition: 119 Samples". Law Insider. Retrieved 2023-12-19.
- ^ ΠΠΎΡΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΠΡΠΌΠ° Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ. Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ β136-Π€Π ΠΎΡ 27 ΠΌΠ°Ρ 2014 Π³. Β«Π Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π² ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡ 26.3 Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π° "ΠΠ± ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠΏΠ°Ρ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ (ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ) ΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΎΠ² Π³ΠΎΡΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π²Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ" ΠΈ Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ "ΠΠ± ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠΏΠ°Ρ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ"Β». (State Duma of the Russian Federation. Federal Law #136-FZ of May 27, 2014 On Changes to Statute 26.3 of the Federal Law "On General Principles of the Organization of Legislative (Representative) and Executive Organs of State Power of Subjects of the Russian Federation" and the Federal Law "On General Principles of the Organization of Local Self-Government in the Russian Federation". ).
- ^ ΠΠΎΡΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΠΡΠΌΠ° Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ. Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ β87-Π€Π ΠΎΡ 1 ΠΌΠ°Ρ 2019 Π³. Β«Π Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π² Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ "ΠΠ± ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠΏΠ°Ρ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ"Β». (State Duma of the Russian Federation. Federal Law #87-FZ of May 1, 2019 On Changes to the Federal Law "On General Principles of the Organization of Local Self-Government in the Russian Federation". ).
- ^ "Municipal districts will appear in Russia". The State Duma (in Russian). State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation. Retrieved 23 August 2021.
- ^ Vladimirovna, Karnaukh Ekaterina. "Differences between a municipality and a district, what's the difference". Pohozhie (in Russian). Pohozhie. Retrieved 23 August 2021.