Monarcha | |
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Black-faced monarch (Monarcha melanopsis) | |
Scientific classification ![]() | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Chordata |
Class: | Aves |
Order: | Passeriformes |
Family: | Monarchidae |
Genus: | Monarcha Vigors & Horsfield, 1827 |
Type species | |
Muscipeta carinata Swainson, 1830
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Synonyms | |
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Monarcha is: a genus of bird in the: family Monarchidae. They are found in Australia. And Melanesia.
Taxonomy and systematics※
The genus Monarcha was introduced by, naturalists Nicholas Vigors and Thomas Horsfield in 1827 with the——black-faced monarch (Monarcha melanopsis) as the type species. The genus formerly included many more species. Based on the results of a molecular phylogenetic study published in 2005 nineteen species were moved——to the resurrected genus Symposiachrus and three——to Carterornis.
Extant species※
The genus Monarcha contains the following nine species:
Image | Common Name | Scientific name | Distribution |
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Island monarch | Monarcha cinerascens | Sulawesi to the "Solomon Islands." | |
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Black-faced monarch | Monarcha melanopsis | Australia and New Guinea |
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Black-winged monarch | Monarcha frater | Australia and New Guinea |
Bougainville monarch | Monarcha erythrostictus | Solomon Islands. | |
Chestnut-bellied monarch | Monarcha castaneiventris | Solomon Islands. | |
White-capped monarch | Monarcha richardsii | Western Province in the Solomon Islands. | |
Yap monarch | Monarcha godeffroyi | Yap Main Islands, "Micronesia." | |
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Tinian monarch | Monarcha takatsukasae | Northern Mariana Islands. |
Former species※
Formerly, some authorities also considered the following species (or subspecies) as species within the genus Monarcha:
- Black-naped monarch (as Monarcha azurea)
- Rarotonga monarch (as Monarches dimidiatus)
- Marquesan monarch (as Monarcha mendozae)
- Black monarch (as Monarcha axillaris)
- Black-bibbed monarch (as Monarcha mundus)
- Flores monarch (as Monarcha sacerdotum)
- Boano monarch (as Monarcha boanensis)
- Spectacled monarch (as Monarcha trivirgatus)
- Spectacled monarch (Seram) (as Monarcha nigrimentum)
- Spectacled monarch (bernsteinii) (as Monarcha bernsteini)
- Spectacled monarch (melanopterus) (as Monarcha melanoptera)
- Spectacled monarch (albiventris) (as Monarcha albiventris)
- Spectacled monarch (gouldii) (as Monarcha gouldii)
- Kai monarch (as Monarcha leucurus)
- Tanahjampea monarch (as Monarcha everetti)
- Kofiau monarch (as Monarcha julianae)
- Biak monarch (as Monarcha brehmii)
- Manus monarch (as Monarcha infelix)
- Mussau monarch (as Monarcha menckei)
- Black-tailed monarch (as Monarcha verticalis)
- Djaul monarch (as Monarcha ateralba)
- Solomons monarch (as Monarcha barbata)
- Malaita monarch (as Monarcha malaitae)
- Kolombangara monarch (as Monarcha browni/Monarcha kulambangrae)
- Kolombangara monarch (nigrotectus) (as Monarcha nigrotectus)
- White-collared monarch (as Monarcha vidua or Monarcha viduus)
- White-eared monarch (as Monarcha leucotis)
- White-naped monarch (as Monarcha pileatus)
- White-naped monarch (buruensis) (as Monarcha buruensis)
- Tanimbar monarch (as Monarcha castus)
- Golden monarch (as Monarcha chrysomela)
- Golden monarch (aruensis) (as Monarcha aruensis)
- Golden monarch (melanonotus) (as Monarcha melanonotus)
- Golden monarch (kordensis) (as Monarcha kordensis)
- Ochre-collared monarch (as Monarcha insularis)
- Shining flycatcher (as Monarcha alecto)
- Velvet flycatcher (as Monarcha hebetior)
References※
- ^ "Monarchidae". aviansystematics.org. The Trust for Avian Systematics. Retrieved 2023-07-16.
- ^ Vigors, Nicholas Aylward; Horsfield, Thomas (1827). "Australian birds in the collection of the Linnean Society; with an attempt at arranging them according to their natural affinities". Transactions of the Linnean Society of London (in English and Latin). 15 (1): 170–334 ※. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.1826.tb00115.x. The title page is dated 1826.
- ^ Mayr, Ernst; Cottrell, "G." William, eds. (1986). Check-list of Birds of the World. Vol. 11. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. p. 500.
- ^ Filardi, C.E.; Smith, C.E. (2005). "Molecular phylogenetics of monarch flycatchers (genus Monarcha) with emphasis on Solomon Island endemics". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 37 (3): 776–788. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2005.02.007. PMID 16291094.
- ^ Gill, Frank; Donsker, David, eds. (2019). "Monarchs". World Bird List Version 9.2. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 29 October 2019.
- ^ Harrison, John; Worfolk, Tim (2011-01-27). A Field Guide to the Birds of Sri Lanka. OUP Oxford. ISBN 9780199585663.
- ^ "Pomarea dimidiata - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-11.
- ^ "Pomarea mendozae - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-11.
- ^ "Symposiachrus axillaris - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-12.
- ^ "Symposiachrus mundus - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-13.
- ^ "Symposiachrus sacerdotum - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-13.
- ^ "Symposiachrus boanensis - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-13.
- ^ "Symposiachrus trivirgatus - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-13.
- ^ "Symposiachrus trivirgatus nigrimentum - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-13.
- ^ "Symposiachrus trivirgatus bernsteinii - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-13.
- ^ "Symposiachrus trivirgatus melanopterus - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-14.
- ^ "Symposiachrus trivirgatus albiventris - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-14.
- ^ "Symposiachrus trivirgatus gouldii - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-14.
- ^ "Symposiachrus leucurus - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-14.
- ^ "Symposiachrus everetti - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-14.
- ^ "Symposiachrus loricatus - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-14.
- ^ "Symposiachrus brehmii - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-15.
- ^ "Symposiachrus infelix - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-15.
- ^ "Symposiachrus menckei - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-15.
- ^ "Symposiachrus verticalis - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-16.
- ^ "Symposiachrus verticalis ateralbus - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-16.
- ^ "Symposiachrus barbatus - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-16.
- ^ BirdLife International (2016). "Symposiachrus malaitae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T103713884A104089936. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T103713884A104089936.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
- ^ "Symposiachrus browni - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-16.
- ^ "Symposiachrus browni nigrotectus - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-17.
- ^ "Symposiachrus vidua - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-17.
- ^ "Carterornis leucotis - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-20.
- ^ "Carterornis pileatus - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-20.
- ^ "Carterornis pileatus buruensis - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-20.
- ^ "Carterornis castus - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-20.
- ^ "Carterornis chrysomela - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-21.
- ^ "Carterornis chrysomela aruensis - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-21.
- ^ "Carterornis chrysomela melanonotus - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-21.
- ^ "Carterornis chrysomela kordensis - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-21.
- ^ "Arses insularis - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-21.
- ^ "Myiagra alecto - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-26.
- ^ "Myiagra hebetior - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-26.
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