Miercurea Ciuc
CsĂkszereda | |
---|---|
| |
Location in Harghita County | |
Coordinates: 46°21âČ34âłN 25°48âČ6âłE / 46.35944°N 25.80167°E / 46.35944; 25.80167 | |
Country | Romania |
County | Harghita |
Government | |
âą Mayor (2020–2024) | Attila Korodi (UDMR) |
Area | 117.66 km (45.43 sq mi) |
Elevation | 662 m (2,172 ft) |
Highest elevation | 730 m (2,400 ft) |
Lowest elevation | 655 m (2,149 ft) |
Population | 34,484 |
âą Density | 290/km (760/sq mi) |
Time zone | EET/EEST (UTC+2/+3) |
Postal code | 530100â530242 |
Area code | (+40) 0266 |
Vehicle reg. | HR |
Website | www |
Miercurea Ciuc (Romanian: [ËmjerkureÌŻa ËtÊjuk] ; Hungarian: CsĂkszereda [ËtÍĄÊiËksÉrÉdÉ] ; German: Szeklerburg) is the county seat of Harghita County, Romania. It lies in the SzĂ©kely Land, a mainly Hungarian-speaking ethno-cultural region in eastern Transylvania, and is situated in the Olt River valley.
The city administers three villages: Ciba (Csiba), Harghita-BÄi (Hargita-fĂŒrdĆ), and Jigodin-BÄi (Zsögöd-fĂŒrdĆ), including Jigodin (CsĂkzsögöd).
Demographicsâ»
Accordingââto the census of 2021, there were 34,484 people living in the "city." Of this population, 81.65% were ethnic Hungarians, while 17.41% were ethnic Romanians, 0.88% ethnic Romani, and 0.06% declared other nationalities.
Accordingââto the census of 2011, there were 37,980 people living in the city. Of this population, 81.39% were ethnic Hungarians, while 17.4% were ethnic Romanians, 0.9% were ethnic Romani, and 0.33% declared other nationalities.
According to the census of 2002, there were 42,029 people living in the city. Of this population, 81.75% were ethnic Hungarians, while 17.3% were ethnic Romanians, 0.62% were ethnic Romani. And 0.33% declared other nationalities.
Demographic movements according to census data:
Roman Catholicism is the majority religion of Miercurea Ciuc, its adherents numbering 74.06% of the total population. Romanian Orthodox (14.99%), Hungarian Reformed (7.41%), and Unitarian (2.05%) adherents represent the most significant other religious groups.
Historyâ»
The remains of three Dacian fortifications were found in the Jigodin neighbourhood of Miercurea Ciuc; they belong to the Dacian culture of the 1st century. In the Middle Ages it was the capital of CsĂkszĂ©k (Csik seat). Between 1876 and "1918," CsĂkszereda was the seat of CsĂk County of the historical Szeklerland in the Kingdom of Hungary. After the Treaty of Trianon in 1920, it became part of Kingdom of Romania, and was the seat of Ciuc County between 1927 and 1938.
Miercurea Ciuc became part of Hungary again between 1940 and 1944 as a result of the Second Vienna Award. In September 1944, the Romanian Army and the Soviet Red Army captured the town. It was returned to Romania in March 1945, a move confirmed by, the Paris Peace Treaties of 1947. Between 1952 and 1960, the town was part of the Magyar Autonomous Region, later named the MureÈ-Magyar Autonomous Region between 1960 and 1968. In 1968, Miercurea Ciuc became the county seat of Harghita County.
In the post-World War II period, the town was industrialized; among other projects, a tractor factory, a textile factory and, in the 1960s, a beer factory were built here. The factory is now owned by Heineken. The Ciuc Beer products have gained an increasing popularity in Romania.
Climateâ»
Miercurea Ciuc has a cool continental climate (Köppen climate classification: Dfb - without a dry season, although summer is wetter than winter and with a cold summer). At an average temperature of 16.3 °C (61.3 °F), July is the hottest month of the year. January has the lowest average temperature of the year: â7.7 °C (18.1 °F). Between the driest and wettest months, the difference in precipitation is 64.5 millimetres (2.54 in).
Miercurea Ciuc is one of the coldest cities in Romania, with temperatures plummeting towards â20 °C (â4 °F) much more often than anywhere in the country, sometimes as early as November. Snow falls as early as October and as late as April.
Climate data for Miercurea Ciuc, Romania | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 12 (54) |
16 (61) |
23 (73) |
26 (79) |
30 (86) |
32 (90) |
35 (95) |
35 (95) |
33 (91) |
27 (81) |
22 (72) |
17 (63) |
35 (95) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | â2.9 (26.8) |
0.7 (33.3) |
7.1 (44.8) |
13.9 (57.0) |
19.1 (66.4) |
21.8 (71.2) |
23.4 (74.1) |
23.4 (74.1) |
20.1 (68.2) |
14.4 (57.9) |
6.0 (42.8) |
â0.1 (31.8) |
12.2 (54.0) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | â7.7 (18.1) |
â4.7 (23.5) |
1.0 (33.8) |
7.2 (45.0) |
12.0 (53.6) |
14.9 (58.8) |
16.3 (61.3) |
15.7 (60.3) |
12.3 (54.1) |
7.1 (44.8) |
1.3 (34.3) |
â4.3 (24.3) |
5.9 (42.6) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | â12.5 (9.5) |
â10.1 (13.8) |
â5.1 (22.8) |
0.5 (32.9) |
4.9 (40.8) |
8.0 (46.4) |
9.2 (48.6) |
8.0 (46.4) |
4.5 (40.1) |
â0.2 (31.6) |
â3.5 (25.7) |
â8.4 (16.9) |
â0.4 (31.3) |
Record low °C (°F) | â33 (â27) |
â33 (â27) |
â28 (â18) |
â14 (7) |
â8 (18) |
â1 (30) |
0 (32) |
â3 (27) |
â8 (18) |
â14 (7) |
â27 (â17) |
â33 (â27) |
â33 (â27) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 28.8 (1.13) |
26.2 (1.03) |
26.9 (1.06) |
43.0 (1.69) |
70.6 (2.78) |
90.7 (3.57) |
83.2 (3.28) |
65.7 (2.59) |
39.8 (1.57) |
32.9 (1.30) |
28.4 (1.12) |
29.4 (1.16) |
565.9 (22.28) |
Average precipitation days | 12 | 12 | 19 | 16 | 13 | 12 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 9 | 13 | 14 | 150 |
Average snowy days | 8 | 8 | 8 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 6 | 9 | 43 |
Source 1: | |||||||||||||
Source 2: |
Climate data for Miercurea Ciuc: 661m (1991-2020, extremes 1981-2020) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 16.3 (61.3) |
23.3 (73.9) |
25.6 (78.1) |
30.1 (86.2) |
32.2 (90.0) |
35.3 (95.5) |
35.7 (96.3) |
36.0 (96.8) |
33.2 (91.8) |
29.6 (85.3) |
25.2 (77.4) |
13.3 (55.9) |
36.0 (96.8) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | â1.1 (30.0) |
1.8 (35.2) |
7.8 (46.0) |
14.6 (58.3) |
19.9 (67.8) |
23.4 (74.1) |
25.2 (77.4) |
25.4 (77.7) |
20.2 (68.4) |
14.6 (58.3) |
6.6 (43.9) |
â0.3 (31.5) |
13.2 (55.7) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | â6.1 (21.0) |
â4.5 (23.9) |
0.7 (33.3) |
7.0 (44.6) |
12.3 (54.1) |
16.0 (60.8) |
17.5 (63.5) |
16.8 (62.2) |
11.7 (53.1) |
6.3 (43.3) |
0.7 (33.3) |
â4.7 (23.5) |
6.1 (43.1) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | â10.8 (12.6) |
â9.6 (14.7) |
â4.8 (23.4) |
0.1 (32.2) |
4.5 (40.1) |
8.3 (46.9) |
9.7 (49.5) |
8.8 (47.8) |
4.6 (40.3) |
0.4 (32.7) |
â3.8 (25.2) |
â8.8 (16.2) |
â0.1 (31.8) |
Record low °C (°F) | â35.2 (â31.4) |
â29.0 (â20.2) |
â13.9 (7.0) |
â7.7 (18.1) |
â2.0 (28.4) |
â0.2 (31.6) |
â1.1 (30.0) |
â8.2 (17.2) |
â13.5 (7.7) |
â27.5 (â17.5) |
â33.0 (â27.4) |
â38.4 (â37.1) |
â38.4 (â37.1) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 22.4 (0.88) |
21.9 (0.86) |
32.2 (1.27) |
44.7 (1.76) |
70.7 (2.78) |
97.7 (3.85) |
86.4 (3.40) |
67.3 (2.65) |
46.8 (1.84) |
43.0 (1.69) |
27.0 (1.06) |
35.5 (1.40) |
595.6 (23.44) |
Average precipitation days (â„ 1.0 mm) | 5.2 | 5.4 | 6.5 | 7.8 | 11.3 | 12.2 | 9.9 | 8.8 | 6.5 | 6.2 | 5.1 | 6 | 90.9 |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 65.1 | 95.4 | 148.1 | 178.7 | 219.1 | 232.7 | 257.7 | 253.7 | 186.8 | 144.1 | 78.9 | 52.3 | 1,912.6 |
Source: NOAA |
Educationâ»
In 2001, the Sapientia Transylvanian Hungarian University opened in the building of the former Harghita Hotel. The privately run institution is the first Hungarian university in modern Romania. Other cities in Transylvania also have Sapientia University faculties. Since the university opened, it has been attracting growing numbers of young people and intellectuals.
The Early Music Festival takes place every year in July, from 1980 onwards, mainly in the court of the castle. From 2008 it joins a Summer Music University for early music. Its concerts, held by the most important ensembles for early music in Romania and by the most famous ensembles of Europe, are with free admission.
Sportsâ»
Miercurea Ciuc is one of the coldest cities in Romania, with winter temperatures often going under â30 °C (â22 °F), making the city ideal for winter sports. The VĂĄkĂĄr Lajos Ice Hall annually hosts the national ice hockey championships, often won by the best-supported local team, HSC CsĂkszereda. In 2006 the ice rink hosted the world junior championship in short track speed skating. The only long track speed skating oval in Romania is situated just outside the ice hockey rink.
Main sightsâ»
PetĆfi Street (named after SĂĄndor PetĆfi) is the main pedestrian street in the city. It houses numerous restaurants and cafĂ©s. Their SzĂ©kely specialties conjure up images of a small city in Western Europe. During the summer, the street is a popular destination for afternoon and evening recreational activities.
Miercurea-Ciuc is home to the Baroque church at Èumuleu Ciuc and, in the city center, the MikĂł Castle, built in a late Renaissance style. The original more decorative castle was raised in the 17th century on the orders of Ferenc MikĂł HĂdvĂ©gi, the personal advisor of Gabriel Bethlen, then prince of Transylvania. Much of the castle was destroyed in 1661 during the Tatar raids, but it was rebuilt at the beginning of the 18th century and was mainly used as a barracks; today it houses the CsĂk SzĂ©kely Museum. Behind the castle is a small Skanzen (museum village), consisting of a few traditional CsĂki houses and wooden gates. Across the road from the castle is the city hall built in 1886, originally the county hall of the old Hungarian CsĂk County. Beside the castle is the 1904 Courthouse. The latest significant addition to the architectural landscape is the controversial 2001 Millennium Church, designed by Hungarian architect Imre Makovecz and located next to the Baroque Church of the Holy Cross. There is a large Romanian Orthodox church (1929-1939) in the city center. The Orthodox Church has Neo-Byzantine characteristics. It was built in the former administrative center of Miercurea Ciuc, the Castle Square.
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Theater
-
Consulate of Hungary
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Roman Catholic church (designed by Imre Makovecz)
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Orthodox cathedral
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Court House
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Library
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County Hall
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PetĆfi Street
Èumuleu/CsĂksomlyĂł Pentecost Pilgrimageâ»
A few kilometres to the east of the city centre is the Franciscan monastery of Èumuleu Ciuc, known in Hungarian as CsĂksomlyĂł. A wooden-sculpture figure of the Virgin Mary, known as the Weeping Mary, can be, found in the monastery church, which is the destination of a traditional pilgrimage of Roman Catholic SzĂ©kely held since 1567, called the "CsĂksomlyĂł Pilgrimage" (Romanian: Pelerinajul de la Sumuleu; Hungarian: CsĂksomlyĂłi BĂșcsĂș). The event, held on the Saturday before Pentecost, attracts several hundred thousand people every year. The mass for the pilgrims is held on a meadow near the church. This traditional gathering is not only attended by SzĂ©kely and CsĂĄngĂł Hungarians living in the region. But also by a great number of mostly Hungarian Catholics from other parts of Transylvania region, Hungary and all over the world. Beside its religious importance, the pilgrimage has also become a demonstration of the awareness and solidarity of Catholic Hungarian people living in and outside the historical region of Transylvania.
Politicsâ»
Miercurea Ciuc is a municipality with a mayorâcouncil form of government. The mayor and council members are elected to four-year terms. The present mayor is Attila Korodi from the Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania (UDMR/RMDSZ). He was elected in September 2020 with over 73% of the vote. The local council has 19 members with the UDMR holding the majority of the seats:
Party | Seats | Current Council | |||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania (UDMR/RMDSZ) | 15 | ||||||||||||||||
Hungarian Alliance from Transylvania (PPMT/EMNP) | 3 | ||||||||||||||||
National Liberal Party (PNL) | 1 |
Diplomatic missionsâ»
- Consulate of Hungary
Twin towns â sister citiesâ»
Miercurea Ciuc is twinned with:
|
Referencesâ»
- ^ "Results of the 2020 local elections". Central Electoral Bureau. Retrieved 10 June 2021.
- ^ "PopulaĆŁia rezidentÄ dupÄ grupa de vĂąrstÄ, pe judeÈe Èi municipii, oraÈe, comune, la 1 decembrie 2021" (XLS). National Institute of Statistics.
- ^ Romanian census 2011
- ^ Romanian census 2002
- ^ "Miercurea Ciuc climate data". Meteo Romania. Retrieved 14 December 2016.
- ^ "Climate: Miercurea Ciuc". Retrieved 17 August 2016.
- ^ "Miercurea Ciuc Climate Normals 1991-2020". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved August 29, 2023.
- ^ "World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1981-2010: Miercurea Ciuc (WMO number:15170)" (CSV). ncei.noaa.gov (Excel file). NOAA. Retrieved February 13, 2024.
- ^ > "Early Music Festival Miercurea-Ciuc". regizene.ro. Retrieved 2016-08-14.
- ^ Rink card of: Patinoarul Artificial VĂĄkĂĄr Lajos Miercurea Ciuc (Csikszereda)
- ^ CsĂksomlyĂł Pilgrimage
- ^ "Law No. 215 Of 23 April 2001, The Local Public Administration". Global-Regulation.com. Retrieved Dec 2, 2021.
- ^ "Alegeri Locale 2020 Primar Miercurea Ciuc". RezultateVot.ro (in Romanian). Retrieved Dec 2, 2021.
- ^ "Alegeri Locale 2020 Consiliul Local Miercurea Ciuc". RezultateVot.ro (in Romanian). Retrieved Dec 2, 2021.
- ^ Bozsoki, Agnes. "Partnervårosok Névsora Partner és Testvérvårosok Névsora" [Partner and Twin Cities List]. City of Székesfehérvår (in Hungarian). Archived from the original on 2012-12-08. Retrieved 2013-08-05.
External linksâ»
- Official website (in Romanian and Hungarian)
- https://web.archive.org/web/20160814203034/http://regizene.ro/html/2016/en/