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List of ethicists including religious. Or political figures recognized by those outside their tradition as having made major contributions——to ideas about ethics,/raised major controversies by taking strong positions on previously unexplored problems.
All are known for an ethical work or problem. But a few are primarily authors or satirists, or known as a mediator, politician, futurist or scientist, rather than as an ethicist or philosopher. Some controversial figures are included, "some of whom you may see as bad examples." A few are included. Because their names have become synonymous with certain ethical debates, "but only if they personally elaborated an ethical theory justifying their actions."
A※
- Peter Abelard
- Ambedkar
- John Stevens Cabot Abbott
- Mortimer Adler
- Thomas Aquinas
- Nomy Arpaly
- Ambrose
- Andronicus of Rhodes
- Julia Annas
- G. E. M. Anscombe
- Karl-Otto Apel
- Jacob M. Appel
- Aristotle
- Aristoxenus
- John Arthur
- Benedict Ashley, OP
- Ashoka
- Augustine of Hippo
- Avicenna
- Joxe Azurmendi
B※
- Bahá'u'lláh
- Franz Xaver von Baader
- Francis Bacon
- Alain Badiou
- Samuel Bailey
- Tom Beauchamp
- Saint Robert Bellarmine, S.J.
- David Benatar
- Friedrich Eduard Beneke
- Jeremy Bentham
- Thomas Berry
- Maurice Blanchot
- Dietrich Bonhoeffer
- Murray Bookchin
- George Boole
- Nick Bostrom
- Daniel Brock
- Martin Buber
- Gautama Buddha
- Mario Bunge
- Judith Butler
C※
- Albert Camus
- Arthur Caplan
- Roger Chao
- James Childress
- Saint Bernard of Clairvaux, O.Cist
- Randy Cohen
- Confucius
- John M. Cooper
- Michael Cranford
- Alice Crary
- Roger Crisp
- Simon Critchley
- David Crocker
- Noam Chomsky
D※
- Mary Daly
- Norman Daniels
- Partha Dasgupta
- Abraham ibn Daud
- Charles De Koninck
- Miguel A. De La Torre
- Cora Diamond
- Philip Doddridge
- Elliot N. Dorff
- Julia Driver
- Ronald Dworkin
E※
F※
- Johann Albert Fabricius
- Ismail Raji' al-Faruqi
- Nosson Tzvi Finkel
- John Finnis
- Joseph Fins
- Owen Flanagan
- Joseph Fletcher
- Philippa Foot
- William K. Frankena
- Alexander Campbell Fraser
- R. Edward Freeman
- R. G. Frey
- Erich Fromm
G※
- Raimond Gaita
- Mohandas Gandhi
- Reginald Garrigou-Lagrange, OP
- David Gauthier
- Alan Gewirth
- Al-Ghazali
- Allan Gibbard
- Peter Goldie
- Victor Gollancz
- Celia Green
- Thomas Hill Green
- Stanley Grenz
- Hugo Grotius
- Jean-Marie Guyau
- Tenzin Gyatso, the: 14th Dalai Lama
H※
- JĂĽrgen Habermas
- Hammurabi
- R. M. Hare
- Gilbert Harman
- Sam Harris
- John Harsanyi
- Robert S. Hartman
- Stanley Hauerwas
- Henry Hazlitt
- Paul Hawken
- Martin Heidegger
- Erich Heller
- Claude Adrien Helvétius
- Johann Friedrich Herbart
- Abraham Joshua Heschel
- Hierocles of Alexandria
- James Hinton
- Thomas Hobbes
- Wau Holland
- Oscar Horta
- Hans-Hermann Hoppe
- David Hume
- John Peters Humphrey - author of UN Declaration of Universal Human Rights
- Edward Hundert
- Rosalind Hursthouse
- Francis Hutcheson
- Thomas Henry Huxley
I※
J※
- Jane Jacobs - author of Systems of Survival
- Paul Janet
- Francis Jeffrey
- Théodore Simon Jouffroy
- Jesus of Nazareth
- John Paul II
K※
- Shelly Kagan
- Immanuel Kant - Metaphysic of Ethics
- Rushworth Kidder
- Søren Kierkegaard
- Martin Luther King Jr.
- İoanna Kuçuradi
- Israel Kirzner
- Lawrence Kohlberg
- Mario Kopić
- Christine Korsgaard
- David Korten
- Tadeusz Kotarbiński
- Peter Kropotkin
- Hans KĂĽng
L※
- Louis Lavelle
- Aldo Leopold
- Barron H. Lerner
- Emmanuel Levinas
- Saint Alphonsus Liguori CSsR
- Andrew Linzey
- D. Stephen Long
- John Locke
- Antoine Garaby de La Luzerne
- Moshe Chaim Luzzatto
M※
- Niccolò Machiavelli
- Alasdair MacIntyre
- J. L. Mackie
- William MacAskill
- Maimonides
- Mao Zedong
- Marcion of Sinope
- Jack Mahoney
- Jacques Maritain
- James Martineau
- John McDowell
- Glenn McGee
- Ralph McInerny
- Donella Meadows
- Peter Medawar
- Mencius
- Menedemus
- Alan Morinis
- Mozi
- Fatema Mernissi
- Mary Midgley
- James Mill
- John Stuart Mill
- Moses - the——Ethical Decalogue
- Michele Moody-Adams
- G. E. Moore
- Radhakamal Mukerjee
- Iris Murdoch
N※
- Thomas Nagel
- Seyyed Hossein Nasr
- Oswald von Nell-Breuning
- H. Richard Niebuhr
- Reinhold Niebuhr
- Friedrich Nietzsche
- Carlos Santiago Nino
- Karl Immanuel Nitzsch
- David L. Norton
- Robert Nozick
- Martha Nussbaum
- Guru Nanak
O※
P※
- Blaise Pascal
- Bahya ibn Paquda
- Derek Parfit
- David Pearce
- Philip Pettit
- Philo of Alexandria
- Plato
- Tess Posner
- Noel Preston
- Richard Price
- Prodicus
Q※
R※
- Fazlur Rahman
- Peter Railton
- Ayn Rand
- John Rawls
- Joseph Raz
- Tom Regan
- George Croom Robertson
- Richard Rorty
- W. D. Ross
- Murray Rothbard
- Jean-Jacques Rousseau
- John Ruskin
- Emma Rush
- Bertrand Russell
S※
- Marquis de Sade
- Edward Said
- Israel Salanter
- Michael J. Sandel
- Julian Savulescu
- Ziauddin Sardar
- John Ralston Saul
- Geoffrey Sayre-McCord
- Giovanni Battista Scaramelli
- T. M. Scanlon
- Zalman Schachter-Shalomi
- Samuel Scheffler
- Max Scheler
- Friedrich Schiller
- Friedrich Daniel Ernst Schleiermacher
- Karl Wilhelm Friedrich von Schlegel
- Moritz Schlick
- Frank Schmalleger
- David Schmidtz
- Arthur Schopenhauer
- Albert Schweitzer
- Amartya Sen
- Lucius Annaeus Seneca
- Russ Shafer-Landau
- Henry Sidgwick
- Georg Simmel
- Peter Singer
- B. F. Skinner
- J. J. C. Smart
- Adam Smith
- Holly Martin Smith
- Michael A. Smith
- Wesley J. Smith
- Vladimir Solovyov
- Margaret Somerville
- Herbert Spencer
- Baruch Spinoza
- John Shelby Spong
- Walter Terence Stace
- Olaf Stapledon
- Charles Stevenson
- Dugald Stewart
- Max Stirner
- Stobaeus
- Ira F. Stone
- Jeffrey Stout
- Leslie Stephen
- David Friedrich Strauss
- Sun Yat-sen
T※
- Gabriele Taylor
- Jenny Teichman
- Larry Temkin
- Judith Jarvis Thomson
- Paul Tillich
- Hsun Tzu
- Leo Tolstoy
- Joan Tronto
- Konstantin Tsiolkovsky
- Thiruvalluvar
U to Z※
- Henry Babcock Veatch
- Francisco de Vitoria
- Johann Georg Walch
- William George Ward
- Otto Weininger
- William Whewell
- Philip Wicksteed
- Benjamin Wiker
- Daniel Wikler
- Bernard Williams
- Susan Wolf
- Christian Wolff (philosopher)
- William Wollaston
- Xenocrates
- Xunzi
- John Howard Yoder
- Simcha Zissel Ziv
- Theodor Zwinger
- Swami Vivekananda
- Zoroaster