(Redirected from List of countries by foreign exchange reserves)
Foreign exchange reserves, also called Forex reserves, in a strict sense, "are foreign-currency deposits held by nationals." And monetary authorities. However, in popular usage and in the: list below, it also includes gold reserves, special drawing rights (SDRs) and IMF reserve position. Because this total figure, which is: usually more accurately termed as official reserves. Or international reserves/official international reserves, is more readily available and "also arguably more meaningful."
These foreign-currency deposits are the——financial assets of the central banks and monetary authorities that are held in different reserve currencies (e.g., the U.S. dollar, the euro, the pound sterling, the Japanese yen, the Indian rupee, and the Swiss franc) and which are used——to back its liabilities (e.g., the local currency issued and the various bank reserves deposited with the Central bank by the government or financial institutions). Before the end of the gold standard, gold was the "preferred reserve currency."
List※
- All the figures below are in U.S.$ equivalents as different countries report data in different currencies.
- The exchange rate of the currencies as well the as gold price of the reported date is considered while calculating U.S.$ equivalents.
- Not all countries keep gold as reserves——to avoid physical storage costs & the risks associated with it, hence there are no values in excluding gold column.
- Sorting the data in desirable column would provide rankings.
| Countries | Forex Reserves Including Gold (data in millions US$) |
Date | Change  /  / 
|
Forex Reserves Excluding Gold (data in millions US$) |
Date | Change / /
|
Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 China |
3,582,000 | 1 Apr 2024 | 28,957 |
3,113,850 | 1 Apr 2024 | 4,15 |
|
 Japan |
1,827,180 | 5 Apr 2024 | 9,122 |
1,230,377 | 5 Apr 2024 | 4,598 |
|
 Switzerland |
1,293,238 | 28 Mar 2024 | 1,127 |
787,307 | 28 Mar 2024 | 198 |
|
 Russia |
683,300 | 21 Jun 2024 | 3,100 |
450,020 | 24 May 2024 | 300 |
|
 India |
572,380 | 21 Jun 2024 | 816 |
574,134 | 28 Jun 2024 | 106 |
|
 Taiwan |
568,107 | 3 Apr 2024 | 132 |
563,720 | 3 Apr 2024 | 17 |
|
 Saudi Arabia |
455,205 | 7 Apr 2024 | 23,642 |
454,772 | 7 Apr 2024 | 23,973 |
|
 Hong Kong |
425,153 | 1 Apr 2024 | 2,126 |
425,126 | 1 Apr 2024 | 137 |
|
 South Korea |
419,360 | 3 Apr 2024 | 3,580 |
419,360 | 3 Apr 2024 | |
|
 Mexico |
364,192 | 20 Mar 2024 | 3425 |
291,108 | 20 Mar 2024 | 439 |
|
 Singapore |
357,345 | 1 Mar 2024 | 4,465 |
347,083 | 1 Mar 2024 | 356 |
|
 Brazil |
352,705 | 1 Mar 2024 | 2,361 |
344,173 | 1 Mar 2024 | 361 |
|
 Germany |
339,800 | 31 Mar 2024 | 19,247 |
100,135 | 31 Mar 2024 | 734 |
|
 United States |
242,681 | 15 Mar 2024 | 1,422 |
231,640 | 15 Mar 2024 | 41 |
|
 France |
240,677 | 1 Mar 2024 | 2,400 |
120,745 | 1 Mar 2024 | 33 |
|
 Thailand |
223,769 | 15 Mar 2024 | 1,391 |
218,308 | 15 Mar 2024 | 26 |
|
 Israel |
208,109 | 30 Apr 2024 | 5,632 |
208,109 | 30 Apr 2024 | 5,632 |
|
 Poland |
206,097 | 30 Apr 2024 | 3,600 |
179,055 | 30 Apr 2024 | 2,092 |
|
 United Kingdom |
183,952 | 5 Mar 2024 | 26,610 |
163,520 | 5 Mar 2024 | 43 |
|
 United Arab Emirates |
151,600 | 1 Mar 2024 | 3,540 |
146,400 | 1 Mar 2024 | 34 |
|
 Czech Republic |
144,996 | 1 Mar 2024 | 2,007 |
144,996 | 1 Mar 2024 | |
|
 Indonesia |
149,915 | 1 Mar 2024 | 3,515 |
149,915 | 1 Mar 2024 | |
|
 Turkey |
128,490 | 1 Mar 2024 | 3,391 |
79,060 | 1 Mar 2024 | 129 |
|
 Netherlands |
125,451 | 1 Mar 2024 | 212 |
125,451 | 1 Mar 2024 | |
|
 Canada |
116,251 | 1 Mar 2024 | 45 |
116,251 | 1 Mar 2024 | |
|
 Philippines |
104,482 | 1 May 2024 | 1,834 |
94,461 | 1 May 2024 | 2,069 |
|
 Malaysia |
102,241 | 1 Mar 2024 | 10,659 |
99,652 | 1 Mar 2024 | |
|
 Iraq |
100,000 | 25 Mar 2024 | 15,000 |
100,000 | 25 Mar 2024 | |
|
 Spain |
94,341 | 1 Mar 2024 | 5,485 |
94,341 | 1 Mar 2024 | |
|
 Vietnam |
93,342 | 1 Mar 2024 | 1,241 |
93,342 | 1 Mar 2024 | |
|
 Belgium |
82,000 | 1 Mar 2024 | 14,200 |
67,200 | 1 Mar 2024 | 79 |
|
 Denmark |
80,058 | 1 Mar 2024 | 1,261 |
75,660 | 1 Mar 2024 | 126 |
|
 Romania |
77,364 | 31 Mar 2024 | 7,498 |
69,866 | 31 Mar 2024 | 7,809 |
|
 Peru |
73,483 | 1 Mar 2024 | 201 |
data not available | 1 Mar 2024 | data not available | |
 Norway |
71,901 | 1 Mar 2024 | 330 |
data not available | 1 Mar 2024 | data not available | |
 Libya |
70,524 | 1 Mar 2024 | 238 |
data not available | 1 Mar 2024 | data not available | |
 Italy |
247,748 | 30 Apr 2024 | 8,882 |
77,727 | 30 Apr 2024 | 183 |
|
 Algeria |
68,028 | 1 Mar 2024 | 1,880 |
data not available | 1 Mar 2024 | data not available | |
 Qatar |
64,560 | 1 Mar 2024 | 8,931 |
data not available | 1 Mar 2024 | data not available | |
 Sweden |
59,568 | 23 Mar 2024 | 842 |
51,602 | 23 Mar 2024 | 147 |
|
 Colombia |
57,269 | 8 Mar 2024 | 124 |
data not available | 8 Mar 2024 | data not available | |
 Australia |
53,883 | 7 Mar 2024 | 604 |
45,816 | 7 Mar 2024 | 48 |
|
 Portugal |
53,710 | 1 Mar 2024 | 7,800 |
data not available | 1 Mar 2024 | data not available | |
 South Africa |
53,473 | 7 Mar 2024 | 504 |
45,293 | 7 Mar 2024 | 49 |
|
 Kuwait |
46,420 | 1 Mar 2024 | 1,112 |
data not available | 1 Mar 2024 | data not available | |
 Chile |
42,527 | 1 Mar 2024 | 2,373 |
data not available | 1 Mar 2024 | data not available | |
 Ukraine |
40,507 | 1 Mar 2024 | 1,212 |
data not available | 1 Mar 2024 | data not available | |
 Hungary |
41,344 | 1 Mar 2024 | 4,749 |
data not available | 1 Mar 2024 | data not available | |
 Bulgaria |
35,395 | 1 Mar 2024 | 692 |
data not available | 1 Mar 2024 | data not available | |
 Egypt |
35,310 | 1 Mar 2024 | 3,161 |
data not available | 1 Mar 2024 | data not available | |
 Nigeria |
34,980 | 1 Mar 2024 | 465 |
data not available | 1 Mar 2024 | data not available | |
 Austria |
34,856 | 1 Mar 2024 | 954 |
34,671 | 1 Mar 2024 | 187 |
|
 Kazakhstan |
34,500 | 1 Mar 2024 | 938 |
data not available | 1 Mar 2024 | data not available | |
 Uzbekistan |
32,195 | 1 Mar 2024 | 950 |
data not available | 1 Mar 2024 | data not available | |
 Morocco |
32,037 | 1 Mar 2024 | 213 |
data not available | 1 Mar 2024 | data not available | |
 New Zealand |
31,712 | 1 Mar 2024 | 1,916 |
data not available | 1 Mar 2024 | data not available | |
 Bangladesh |
26.815 | 31 May 2024 | 2,700 |
data not available | 31 May 2024 | data not available | |
 Serbia |
24,468 | 1 Mar 2024 | 667 |
data not available | 1 Mar 2024 | data not available | |
 Iran |
24,300 | 1 Mar 2024 | 1,641 |
23,600 | 1 Mar 2024 | |
|
 Macau |
24,283 | 1 Mar 2024 | 1,566 |
data not available | 1 Mar 2024 | data not available | |
 Guatemala |
21,390 | 1 Mar 2024 | 1300 |
data not available | 1 Mar 2024 | data not available | |
 Argentina |
20,846 | 1 Mar 2024 | 2,090 |
data not available | 1 Mar 2024 | data not available | |
 Turkmenistan |
20,600 | 1 Mar 2024 | 45 |
data not available | 1 Mar 2024 | data not available | |
 Cambodia |
18,496 | 1 Mar 2024 | 67 |
data not available | 1 Mar 2024 | data not available | |
 Jordan |
18,765 | 1 Mar 2024 | 187 |
data not available | 1 Mar 2024 | data not available | |
 Nepal |
18,400 | 11 Mar 2024 | 1,857 |
data not available | 11 Mar 2024 | data not available | |
 Oman |
16,163 | 1 Mar 2024 | 548 |
data not available | 1 Mar 2024 | data not available | |
 Uruguay |
15,449 | 1 Mar 2024 | 1.176 |
15,441 | 1 Mar 2024 | 11 |
|
 Lebanon |
14,738 | 1 Mar 2024 | 692 |
data not available | 1 Mar 2024 | data not available | |
 Dominican Republic |
14,371 | 1 Mar 2024 | 1,145 |
data not available | 1 Mar 2024 | data not available | |
 Angola |
14,200 | 15 Mar 2024 | 40 |
data not available | 15 Mar 2024 | data not available | |
 Costa Rica |
13,200 | 1 Mar 2024 | 320 |
data not available | 1 Mar 2024 | data not available | |
 Ireland |
12,599 | 1 Mar 2024 | 130 |
11,874 | 1 Mar 2024 | 2 |
|
 Azerbaijan |
11,650 | 1 Mar 2024 | 142 |
data not available | 1 Mar 2024 | data not available | |
 Ivory Coast |
9,800 | 1 Mar 2024 | 18 |
data not available | 1 Mar 2024 | data not available | |
 Paraguay |
9,707 | 1 Mar 2024 | 805 |
9,168 | 1 Mar 2024 | 7 |
|
 Bosnia and Herzegovina |
8,711 | 1 Mar 2024 | 391 |
data not available | 1 Mar 2024 | data not available | |
 Tunisia |
8,623 | 21 Mar 2024 | 539 |
data not available | 21 Mar 2024 | data not available | |
 North Korea |
9,109 | 1 Mar 2024 | 73 |
data not available | 1 Mar 2024 | data not available | |
 Pakistan |
8,895 | 26 Apr 2024 | 239 |
data not available | 21 Jun 2024 | data data not available | |
 Finland |
7,995 | 1 Mar 2024 | 22 |
data not available | 1 Mar 2024 | data not available | |
 Slovakia |
7,650 | 1 Mar 2024 | 441 |
data not available | 1 Mar 2024 | data not available | |
 Honduras |
7,390 | 21 Mar 2024 | 580 |
data not available | 21 Mar 2024 | data not available | |
 Tanzania |
7,022 | 22 Mar 2024 | 600 |
data not available | 22 Mar 2024 | data not available | |
 Iceland |
6,847 | 15 Mar 2024 | 24 |
6,668 | 15 Mar 2024 | 9 |
|
 Myanmar |
6,700 | 1 Mar 2024 | 800 |
data not available | 1 Mar 2024 | data not available | |
 Moldova |
6,390 | 11 Mar 2024 | 600 |
data not available | 11 Mar 2024 | data not available | |
 Afghanistan |
6,228 | 1 Mar 2024 | 60 |
data not available | 1 Mar 2024 | data not available | |
 Panama |
6,143 | 1 Mar 2024 | 200 |
data not available | 1 Mar 2024 | data not available | |
 Venezuela |
5,908 | 1 Mar 2024 | 776 |
data not available | 1 Mar 2024 | data not available | |
 Trinidad and Tobago |
5,800 | 18 Mar 2024 | 44 |
data not available | 18 Mar 2024 | data not available | |
 Sri Lanka |
5,642 | 31 Jun 2024 | 242 |
data not available | 31 Jun 2024 | data not available | |
 Mauritius |
5,591 | 1 Mar 2024 | 196 |
5,497 | 1 Mar 2024 | 27 |
|
 Bahrain |
5,500 | 25 Mar 2024 | 128 |
data not available | 25 Mar 2024 | data not available | |
 Albania |
5,290 | 31 Apr 2024 | 200 |
5,290 | 31 Apr 2024 | 47 |
|
 Georgia |
5,224 | 25 Mar 2024 | 90 |
data not available | 25 Mar 2024 | data not available | |
 Mongolia |
5,120 | 20 Mar 2024 | 500 |
data not available | 20 Mar 2024 | data not available | |
 Botswana |
5,080 | 1 Mar 2024 | 267 |
data not available | 1 Mar 2024 | data not available | |
 Jamaica |
4,921 | 5 Mar 2024 | 300 |
data not available | 5 Mar 2024 | data not available | |
 Lithuania |
4,900 | 1 Mar 2024 | 440 |
data not available | 1 Mar 2024 | data not available | |
 Vatican City |
4,339 | 1 Mar 2024 | 950 |
data not available | 1 Mar 2024 | data not available | |
 Armenia |
4,298 | 25 Mar 2024 | 600 |
data not available | 25 Mar 2024 | data not available | |
 Nicaragua |
3,980 | 1 Mar 2024 | 1,100 |
data not available | 1 Mar 2024 | data not available | |
 Greece |
3,926 | 1 Mar 2024 | 107 |
3,869 | 1 Mar 2024 | 8 |
|
 Latvia |
3,913 | 1 Mar 2024 | 13 |
data not available | 1 Mar 2024 | data not available | |
 Uganda |
3,700 | 1 Mar 2024 | 259 |
data not available | 1 Mar 2024 | data not available | |
 Andorra |
3,689 | 20 Mar 2024 | 11 |
data not available | 20 Mar 2024 | data not available | |
 Brunei |
3,664 | 1 Mar 2024 | 107 |
data not available | 1 Mar 2024 | data not available | |
 Cameroon |
3,459 | 1 Mar 2024 | 180 |
data not available | 1 Mar 2024 | data not available | |
 Ethiopia |
3,430 | 1 Mar 2024 | 170 |
data not available | 1 Mar 2024 | data not available | |
 Ghana |
3,368 | 1 Mar 2024 | 452 |
data not available | 1 Mar 2024 | data not available | |
 Ecuador |
3,305 | 1 Mar 2024 | 747 |
data not available | 1 Mar 2024 | data not available | |
 Belarus |
3,296 | 1 Mar 2024 | 146 |
data not available | 1 Mar 2024 | data not available | |
 Kyrgyzstan |
2,976 | 1 Mar 2024 | 193 |
data not available | 1 Mar 2024 | data not available | |
 Croatia |
2,935 | 1 Mar 2024 | 159 |
data not available | 1 Mar 2024 | data not available | |
 Slovenia |
2,519 | 1 Mar 2024 | 062 |
data not available | 1 Mar 2024 | data not available | |
 El Salvador |
2,510 | 1 Mar 2024 | 39 |
data not available | 1 Mar 2024 | data not available | |
 Cuba |
2,500 | 15 Mar 2024 | 10,391 |
data not available | 15 Mar 2024 | data not available | |
 Kenya |
2,490 | 5 Mar 2024 | 1,073 |
data not available | 1 Mar 2024 | data not available | |
 Papua New Guinea |
2,339 | 1 Mar 2024 | 500 |
data not available | 1 Mar 2024 | data not available | |
 Haiti |
2,296 | 1 Mar 2024 | 1,256 |
data not available | 1 Mar 2024 | data not available | |
 Estonia |
2,065 | 1 Mar 2024 | 145 |
data not available | 1 Mar 2024 | data not available | |
 Namibia |
2,019 | 1 Mar 2024 | 25 |
data not available | 1 Mar 2024 | data not available | |
 Bahamas |
1,758 | 1 Mar 2024 | 85 |
data not available | 1 Mar 2024 | data not available | |
 Bolivia |
1,769 | 1 Mar 2024 | 471 |
data not available | 1 Mar 2024 | data not available | |
 Madagascar |
1,620 | 19 Mar 2024 | 127 |
data not available | 19 Mar 2024 | data not available | |
 Montenegro |
1,558 | 1 Mar 2024 | 26 |
data not available | 1 Mar 2024 | data not available | |
 Mauritania |
1,493 | 1 Mar 2024 | 37 |
data not available | 1 Mar 2024 | data not available | |
 Tajikistan |
1,482 | 1 Mar 2024 | 19 |
data not available | 1 Mar 2024 | data not available | |
 Rwanda |
1,458 | 1 Mar 2024 | 7 |
data not available | 1 Mar 2024 | data not available | |
 Zambia |
1,433 | 1 Mar 2024 | 16 |
data not available | 1 Mar 2024 | data not available | |
 Guinea |
1,425 | 15 Mar 2024 | 33 |
data not available | 15 Mar 2024 | data not available | |
 Gabon |
1,377 | 1 Mar 2024 | 90 |
data not available | 1 Mar 2024 | data not available | |
 Cyprus |
1,271 | 1 Mar 2024 | 200 |
data not available | 1 Mar 2024 | data not available | |
 Luxembourg |
1,119 | 5 Mar 2024 | 34 |
data not available | 5 Mar 2024 | data not available | |
 Laos |
1,099 | 1 Mar 2024 | 23 |
data not available | 1 Mar 2024 | data not available | |
 Curaçao |
1,080 | 20 Mar 2024 | 30 |
data not available | 20 Mar 2024 | data not available | |
 Fiji |
1,065 | 5 Mar 2024 | 22 |
data not available | 5 Mar 2024 | data not available | |
 Niger |
1,053 | 1 Mar 2024 | 24 |
data not available | 1 Mar 2024 | data not available | |
 Aruba |
1,017 | 15 Mar 2024 | 30 |
data not available | 15 Mar 2024 | data not available | |
 Bhutan |
972 | 10 Mar 2024 | 3 |
data not available | 10 Mar 2024 | data not available | |
 Kosovo |
950 | 1 Mar 2024 | 15 |
data not available | 1 Mar 2024 | data not available | |
 Malta |
937 | 20 Mar 2024 | 9 |
data not available | 20 Mar 2024 | data not available | |
 Lesotho |
785 | 1 Mar 2024 | 11 |
data not available | 1 Mar 2024 | data not available | |
 Barbados |
770 | 1 Mar 2024 | 2 |
data not available | 1 Mar 2024 | data not available | |
 Cape Verde |
712 | 1 Mar 2024 | 25 |
data not available | 1 Mar 2024 | data not available | |
 San Marino |
716 | 1 Mar 2024 | 243 |
data not available | 1 Mar 2024 | data not available | |
 Gambia |
698 | 1 Mar 2024 | 6 |
data not available | 1 Mar 2024 | data not available | |
 Palestine |
671 | 1 Mar 2024 | 12 |
data not available | 1 Mar 2024 | data not available | |
 Timor-Leste |
654 | 1 Mar 2024 | 2 |
data not available | 1 Mar 2024 | data not available | |
 Suriname |
647 | 8 Mar 2024 | 30 |
data not available | 8 Mar 2024 | data not available | |
 Sierra Leone |
624 | 2 Mar 2024 | 2 |
data not available | 2 Mar 2024 | data not available | |
 Mali |
604 | 1 Mar 2024 | 19 |
data not available | 1 Mar 2024 | data not available | |
 Maldives |
588 | 1 Mar 2024 | 180 |
data not available | 1 Mar 2024 | data not available | |
 Guyana |
553 | 10 Mar 2024 | 20 |
data not available | 10 Mar 2024 | data not available | |
 Solomon Islands |
551 | 8 Mar 2024 | 24 |
data not available | 8 Mar 2024 | data not available | |
 Seychelles |
546 | 1 Mar 2024 | 19 |
data not available | 1 Mar 2024 | data not available | |
 Vanuatu |
509 | 1 Mar 2024 | 2 |
data not available | 1 Mar 2024 | data not available | |
 Democratic Republic of the Congo |
505 | 14 Mar 2024 | 160 |
data not available | 14 Mar 2024 | data not available | |
 Djibouti |
504 | 1 Mar 2024 | 3 |
data not available | 1 Mar 2024 | data not available | |
 Malawi |
488 | 1 Mar 2024 | 17 |
data not available | 1 Mar 2024 | data not available | |
 Eswatini |
467 | 1 Mar 2024 | 27 |
data not available | 1 Mar 2024 | data not available | |
 Republic of the Congo |
443 | 1 Mar 2024 | 20 |
data not available | 1 Mar 2024 | data not available | |
 Syria |
401 | 1 Mar 2024 | 16 |
data not available | 1 Mar 2024 | data not available | |
 Federated States of Micronesia |
395 | 1 Mar 2024 | 2 |
data not available | 1 Mar 2024 | data not available | |
 Central African Republic |
375 | 1 Mar 2024 | 14 |
data not available | 1 Mar 2024 | data not available | |
 Saint Kitts and Nevis |
365 | 1 Mar 2024 | 14 |
data not available | 1 Mar 2024 | data not available | |
 Liberia |
342 | 1 Mar 2024 | 7 |
data not available | 1 Mar 2024 | data not available | |
 Guinea-Bissau |
329 | 1 Mar 2024 | 3 |
data not available | 1 Mar 2024 | data not available | |
 Antigua and Barbuda |
285 | 1 Mar 2024 | 6 |
data not available | 1 Mar 2024 | data not available | |
 Belize |
281 | 1 Mar 2024 | 4 |
data not available | 1 Mar 2024 | data not available | |
 Saint Lucia |
258 | 1 Mar 2024 | 2 |
data not available | 1 Mar 2024 | data not available | |
 Yemen |
250 | 1 Mar 2024 | 5 |
data not available | 1 Mar 2024 | data not available | |
 Grenada |
247 | 1 Mar 2024 | 11 |
data not available | 1 Mar 2024 | data not available | |
 Tonga |
226 | 1 Mar 2024 | 3 |
data not available | 1 Mar 2024 | data not available | |
 Togo |
208 | 1 Mar 2024 | 7 |
data not available | 1 Mar 2024 | data not available | |
 Comoros |
197 | 1 Mar 2024 | 5 |
data not available | 1 Mar 2024 | data not available | |
 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines |
192 | 1 Mar 2024 | 1 |
data not available | 1 Mar 2024 | data not available | |
 Eritrea |
189 | 1 Mar 2024 | 2 |
data not available | 1 Mar 2024 | data not available | |
 Samoa |
188 | 1 Mar 2024 | 3 |
data not available | 1 Mar 2024 | data not available | |
 São Tomé and Príncipe |
186 | 1 Mar 2024 | 2 |
data not available | 1 Mar 2024 | data not available | |
 Sudan |
172 | 1 Mar 2024 | 5 |
data not available | 1 Mar 2024 | data not available | |
 Dominica |
168 | 1 Mar 2024 | 6 |
data not available | 1 Mar 2024 | data not available | |
 Senegal |
164 | 1 Mar 2024 | 12 |
data not available | 1 Mar 2024 | data not available | |
 Zimbabwe |
159 | 1 Mar 2024 | 8 |
data not available | 1 Mar 2024 | data not available | |
 Chad |
143 | 1 Mar 2024 | 4 |
data not available | 1 Mar 2024 | data not available | |
 Burundi |
105 | 1 Mar 2024 | 6 |
data not available | 1 Mar 2024 | data not available | |
 South Sudan |
80 | 2 Mar 2024 | 7 |
data not available | 2 Mar 2024 | data not available | |
 Benin |
69 | 1 Mar 2024 | 9 |
data not available | 1 Mar 2024 | data not available | |
 Montserrat |
54 | 1 Mar 2024 | 5 |
data not available | 1 Mar 2024 | data not available | |
 Equatorial Guinea |
46 | 1 Mar 2024 | 2 |
data not available | 1 Mar 2024 | data not available | |
 Burkina Faso |
42 | 1 Mar 2024 | 3 |
data not available | 1 Mar 2024 | data not available | |
 Somalia |
37 | 1 Mar 2024 | 5 |
data not available | 1 Mar 2024 | data not available | |
 Kiribati |
8 | 1 Mar 2024 | 2 |
data not available | 1 Mar 2024 | data not available |
Timeline of the top 5 countries※
The five countries with the largest foreign exchange reserves almost all have reserves of at least 500 billion USD and higher and have maintained such an amount for at least a week. At present there are only six countries whose reserves are at such a figure; this includes China, Japan, Switzerland, India, Russia and Taiwan. Saudi Arabia formerly included on the list until March 2020; its reserves were severely depleted by the low oil price during the economic fallout of from the global outbreak of coronavirus disease, its ongoing oil price war with Russia and competition from US shale oil. Here is the combined foreign reserves timeline for China, Japan, Switzerland, India, Russia.
- China - China has the largest reserve since last 14 years. The main composition of Chinese forex reserves is approximately two-thirds USD and one-fifth Euros with the rest made up of Japanese Yen and the British Pound. China was the second country to reach $500 billion and the first to reach $1 trillion in reserves. China is also the only country that reached net reserves of $2 trillion and $3 trillion. Chinese forex reserve reached over $3.993 trillion and possibly reached $4 trillion before July 2014. But there was no official figures to confirm it.
- Japan - Japanese has the second largest reserves in the world. Japan was the first country to reach $500 billion in reserves and had the highest forex reserves in the world until they were surpassed by China in 2006. They have remained in second place since 2006 and above $1 trillion since 2008, being the second country to surpass $1 trillion.
- Switzerland - Swiss has the third largest reserves in the world. Switzerland became the fifth country to reach $500 Billion in 2014 after Saudi Arabia and the third country to reach $1 trillion at the end of 2020. Swiss reserves are compiled in Swiss francs. Since the Financial crisis of 2007-2008, the Swiss franc has significantly appreciated against other currencies due to Switzerland's traditional perceived safety which has attracted speculative foreign capital; due to the inflows of investment income by Swiss firms. And due to the large surplus in the trade of goods. In order to protect the real economy from the sudden speculative appreciation of the currency, the Swiss National Bank began intervening in the currency markets, first with an explicit target of a maximum exchange rate against the euro of 1.20CHF/EUR until 2015, and then through implicit interventions. However, the resilience of the export sector and the continued inflows of capital, has meant that the Swiss Franc has kept appreciating. As a result of this, the SNB has been unable to dispose of its large accumulated foreign exchange reserves since their sale would lead to an even greater appreciation of the currency.
- India- India has the world's fourth largest reserves. On 4 June 2021 reserves exceeded $600 billion for the first time and they became the fifth country after Switzerland to do so. During the 1991 Indian economic crisis country only had $5 billion of reserves left which led to subsequent economic liberalisation. Since then the reserves have seen a 127 times increase over 30 years. In April 2024, Foreign-exchange reserves of India hit a fresh all-time high of $642.63 including 803.58 tons of gold reserves. Out of which 403.7 tons of golds is held with Bank of England and Bank for International Settlements, and rest is held domestically. It is done to provide a sense of security and to ensure diversification of risk by spreading gold holdings across multiple location.
- Russia - Russia has the world's fifth largest reserves; They have reached a level of $600 billion on 21 May 2021. They were the third country to reach $500 billion. The first fall in reserves was due to the Great Recession, the second fall in 2015 was due to falling oil prices.
Currency composition of foreign exchange reserves※
IMF releases the quarterly data on the currency composition of official foreign exchange reserves. The data are reported to the IMF on a voluntary and confidential basis. As of Q4 2016, there are 146 reporters, consisting of IMF member countries, a number of non-member countries/economies, and other entities holding foreign exchange reserves. From Q4 2016, the data was expanded to include renminbi (RMB). Monetary gold is not covered in COFER but included in reserved assets, a broader scope than that of COFER.
Currency Composition of Foreign Exchange Reserves (COFER)
(US Dollars, billions)Currency→
↓Quarter
USD
EURJPYGBPCADRMBAUD
CHFOther
CurrenciesUnallocated
ReservesTotal Q1 2019 6,727.09 2,208.79 584.63 495.70 208.64 212.26 181.95 15.27 263.50 712.93 11,610.77 Q2 2019 6,752.28 2,264.88 611.87 497.41 209.85 212.80 186.71 15.53 270.56 715.88 11,737.76 Q3 2019 6,728.85 2,212.74 612.75 492.22 205.44 213.83 182.48 16.20 262.92 729.40 11,656.82 Q4 2019 6,674.83 2,279.30 631.00 511.51 206.71 215.81 187.18 17.36 281.50 749.55 11,824.74 Q1 2020 6,794.91 2,197.30 624.97 486.08 195.13 221.48 170.16 16.05 255.53 770.32 11,731.94 Q2 2020 6,902.01 2,272.44 643.70 504.36 215.47 233.68 190.34 17.22 278.67 754.11 12,011.98 Q3 2020 6,927.16 2,359.61 668.19 523.64 231.10 247.44 199.51 19.30 283.16 787.44 12,246.56 Q4 2020 6,990.97 2,526.41 715.35 561.39 246.57 271.60 216.87 20.74 314.63 841.14 12,705.67 Q1 2021 6,971.79 2,404.80 686.30 554.28 250.01 293.32 214.89 19.44 335.82 851.50 12,582.14 Q2 2021 7,070.33 2,458.88 672.20 560.90 270.01 314.81 218.44 23.13 357.57 865.83 12,812.12 Q3 2021 7,087.77 2,462.44 681.42 561.66 264.29 320.15 214.26 23.77 354.77 860.67 12,831.20 Q4 2021 7,087.14 2,486.88 671.77 576.22 286.93 336.10 218.02 24.51 362.96 886.73 12,937.27 Q1 2022 6,868.97 2,328.35 626.44 569.45 286.02 330.03 221.91 29.48 387.80 858.65 12,507.09 Q2 2022 6,645.02 2,187.63 572.65 538.73 275.75 308.22 209.14 27.63 358.62 858.26 11,981.65 Q3 2022 6,426.89 2,086.40 560.11 489.95 260.92 281.12 204.78 24.78 358.59 841.74 11,535.29 Q4 2022 6,460.21 2,252.06 608.17 543.11 262.62 287.81 217.08 25.31 383.64 877.79 11,917.81 Q1 2023 6,630.89 2,186.33 610.39 605.02 270.60 287.12 221.62 28.26 389.07 877.53 12,029.03 Q2 2023 6,641.89 2,207.25 597.15 533.64 278.51 272.99 219.70 21.26 403.72 887.06 12,055.26 Q3 2023 6,497.94 2,150.47 598.73 530.36 274.36 260.12 222.35 20.30 426.63 920.27 11,901.53 See also※
References※
- ^ "Foreign Exchange Reserves: What They Are, Why Countries Hold Them". Archived from the original on 27 March 2024. Retrieved 27 March 2024.
- ^ "International Reserves and Foreign Currency Liquidity". www.safe.gov.cn/en. SAFE. Archived from the original on 5 December 2018. Retrieved 2 March 2024.
- ^ "International Reserves / Foreign Currency Liquidity". Ministry of Finance (Japan). Archived from the original on 19 April 2021. Retrieved 5 April 2024.
- ^ "Official reserve assets and other foreign currency assets". www.snb.ch/en. Swiss National Bank. Archived from the original on 4 October 2021. Retrieved 2 March 2024.
- ^ "Inter national Reserve Bank of Russian Federation". Central Bank of Russia. Archived from the original on 12 November 2020. Retrieved 5 January 2024.
- ^ "Reserve Bank of India – Weekly Statistical". Reserve Bank of India. Archived from the original on 5 April 2024. Retrieved 24 May 2024.
- ^ "Foreign Exchange Reserves - the Republic of China (Taiwan)". Archived from the original on 23 April 2024. Retrieved 23 April 2024.
- ^ "Reserve Assets". www.sama.gov.sa. Saudi Central Bank. Archived from the original on 1 October 2022. Retrieved 7 March 2024.
- ^ "International Reserves and Foreign Currency Liquidity". www.hkma.gov.hk/eng. Hong Kong Monetary Authority. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2 March 2024. Retrieved 23 April 2024.
- ^ "Official Foreign Reserves". www.bok.or.kr. Bank of Korea. Archived from the original on 26 March 2024. Retrieved 2 March 2024.
- ^ "Boletín Semanal sobre el Estado de Cuenta del Banco de México" (PDF). Banxico.gob.mx. Archived (PDF) from the original on 26 March 2024. Retrieved 15 March 2024.
- ^ "Official Foreign Reserves". www.mas.gov.sg. Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS). Archived from the original on 19 November 2020. Retrieved 2 October 2023.
- ^ "BANCO CENTRAL DO BRASIL". www.bcb.gov.br. Central Bank of Brazil. Archived from the original on 21 July 2021. Retrieved 1 March 2024.
- ^ "International Reserves". www.bundesbank.de. Deutsche Bundesbank. Retrieved 10 April 2024.
- ^ "U.S. International Reserve Position". www.home.treasury.gov. United States Department of the Treasury. Archived from the original on 27 October 2021. Retrieved 2 March 2024.
- ^ "International reserves". Bank of France. Archived from the original on 7 March 2023. Retrieved 21 July 2022.
- ^ "International Reserves". www.bot.or.th. Bank of Thailand. Archived from the original on 3 August 2023. Retrieved 15 March 2024.
- ^ "Foreign Exchange Reserves at the Bank of Israel". www.boi.org.il. Bank of Israel. Archived from the original on 26 March 2024. Retrieved 1 March 2024.
- ^ "International Reserves and Foreign Currency Liquidity". Archived from the original on 3 January 2024. Retrieved 3 January 2024.
- ^ "UK International Reserves". www.bankofengland.co.uk. Bank of England. Archived from the original on 26 March 2024. Retrieved 5 March 2024.
- ^ "Monthly Official International Reserves". Central Bank of the United Arab Emirates. Archived from the original on 2 July 2022. Retrieved 1 March 2024.
- ^ "ČNB". Czech National Bank. Archived from the original on 15 July 2018. Retrieved 1 March 2024.
- ^ "Monetary Indicators". Bank of Indonesia. Archived from the original on 12 October 2021. Retrieved 1 March 2024.
- ^ "TCMB - International Reserves and Foreign Currency Liquidity" (PDF). www.tcmb.gov.tr. Archived (PDF) from the original on 26 March 2024. Retrieved 1 March 2024.
- ^ "Selected euro area statistics and national breakdowns". 1 March 2024. Archived from the original on 26 March 2024. Retrieved 26 March 2024.
- ^ "Monthly Official International Reserves". 5 March 2024. Archived from the original on 26 March 2024. Retrieved 26 March 2024.
- ^ "GROSS INTERNATIONAL RESERVES". Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas. Archived from the original on 7 June 2024. Retrieved 7 June 2024.
- ^ "International Reserves and Foreign Currency Liquidity". Bank Negara Malaysia. Archived from the original on 30 March 2024. Retrieved 31 January 2024.
- ^ "Iraq Central Bank says regulated dollar transactions rising". 25 March 2024. Archived from the original on 26 March 2024. Retrieved 25 March 2024.
- ^ "International reserves and foreign currency liquidity" (PDF). Banco de España. Archived (PDF) from the original on 26 March 2024. Retrieved 1 March 2024.
- ^ "Weekly Information on Banking Operations". Archived from the original on 26 March 2024. Retrieved 26 March 2024.
- ^ "International Reserves of the Belgium". Archived from the original on 26 March 2024. Retrieved 26 March 2024.
- ^ "Denmark Foreign Exchange Reserves". Archived from the original on 26 March 2024. Retrieved 26 March 2024.
- ^ "Press Releases - International Reserves". Retrieved 4 April 2024.
- ^ "Activos Externos netos de corto plazo (miliones US$) [monthly series]. BN". Archived from the original on 4 December 2023. Retrieved 4 December 2023.
- ^ "Norway Foreign Exchange Reserves". Archived from the original on 26 March 2024. Retrieved 26 March 2024.
- ^ "Official Website, International reserve" (PDF). Central bank of Libya. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 August 2022. Retrieved 1 March 2024.
- ^ "Bank of Italy - Official reserves (Riserve ufficiali)". Archived from the original on 21 November 2023. Retrieved 2 March 2024.
- ^ "Official foreign exchange reserves". Archived from the original on 13 April 2023. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ "Qatar Central Bank Foreign Reserves Surge by 4.91 Percent in February 2024". Archived from the original on 26 March 2024. Retrieved 1 March 2024.
- ^ "Official reserve assets (weekly report)". 23 March 2024. Archived from the original on 6 March 2021. Retrieved 12 March 2021.
- ^ "Official Reserve Assets". Archived from the original on 2 February 2024. Retrieved 2 February 2024.
- ^ "Official Reserve Assets". 7 March 2024. Archived from the original on 8 March 2023. Retrieved 12 April 2018.
- ^ "International Reserves of the Portugal". Archived from the original on 16 December 2022. Retrieved 26 March 2024.
- ^ "Gold and Foreign Exchange Position". Archived from the original on 26 March 2024. Retrieved 1 March 2024.
- ^ "Central Bank of Kuwait: Monthly". Archived from the original on 8 March 2021. Retrieved 1 March 2024.
- ^ "Chile Foreign Exchange Reserves". Archived from the original on 26 March 2024. Retrieved 1 March 2024.
- ^ "National Bank of Ukraine". Archived from the original on 5 January 2024. Retrieved 5 January 2024.
- ^ "International Reserves - Foreign Exchange Liquidity". Archived from the original on 26 March 2024. Retrieved 26 March 2024.
- ^ "Bulgaria Foreign Exchange Reserves". Archived from the original on 26 March 2024. Retrieved 26 March 2024.
- ^ "Egypt's international reserves". 5 March 2024. Archived from the original on 26 March 2024. Retrieved 26 March 2024.
- ^ "Nigeria's FX reserve". 1 March 2024. Archived from the original on 26 March 2024. Retrieved 1 March 2024.
- ^ "International Reserves of the Austria". Archived from the original on 26 March 2024. Retrieved 26 March 2024.
- ^ "Kazakhstan's international reserves". Archived from the original on 26 March 2024. Retrieved 26 March 2024.
- ^ "International Reserves of the Republic of Uzbekistan". Archived from the original on 29 March 2024. Retrieved 26 March 2024.
- ^ "Morocco's International reserves". Archived from the original on 6 August 2023. Retrieved 26 March 2024.
- ^ "New Zealand's official overseas reserves". Archived from the original on 26 March 2024. Retrieved 26 March 2024.
- ^ "Foreign Exchange Reserve (Monthly) - Bangladesh Central Bank". Retrieved 31 May 2024.
- ^ "FX reserves". Archived from the original on 26 March 2024. Retrieved 26 March 2024.
- ^ "Iran's forex reserves". Archived from the original on 30 March 2024. Retrieved 26 March 2024.
- ^ "Macau's International reserves". Archived from the original on 26 March 2024. Retrieved 26 March 2024.
- ^ "Guatemala Reserves". 13 March 2024. Archived from the original on 26 March 2024. Retrieved 26 March 2024.
- ^ "Argentina Foreign Exchange Reserves". Archived from the original on 26 March 2024. Retrieved 26 March 2024.
- ^ "The World Factbook: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold". Archived from the original on 13 June 2007. Retrieved 12 March 2014.
- ^ "Cambodia foreign exchange and gold".
- ^ "Jordan's foreign currency reserves". Archived from the original on 26 March 2024. Retrieved 26 March 2024.
- ^ "'Worry' as Nepal's forex reserves soar to record Rs1.84 trillion". Archived from the original on 26 March 2024. Retrieved 26 March 2024.
- ^ "Oman Foreign Exchange Reserves". Archived from the original on 6 August 2023. Retrieved 26 March 2024.
- ^ "Central Bank of Uruguay". Archived from the original on 20 October 2021. Retrieved 14 November 2020.
- ^ "Lebanon Foreign Exchange Reserves". Archived from the original on 26 March 2024. Retrieved 26 March 2024.
- ^ "Dominican Republic - Foreign exchange reserves". Archived from the original on 26 March 2024. Retrieved 26 March 2024.
- ^ "Angola's FX Reserve Drops to 14.2B as of March 2024". Archived from the original on 26 March 2024. Retrieved 26 March 2024.
- ^ "Fitch Upgrades Costa Rica to 'BB'; Outlook Stable". Archived from the original on 26 March 2024. Retrieved 26 March 2024.
- ^ "Official External Reserves". Central Bank of Ireland. Archived from the original on 7 December 2022. Retrieved 31 July 2022.
- ^ "azerbaijan Foreign Exchange Reserves". 4 March 2024. Archived from the original on 26 March 2024. Retrieved 26 March 2024.
- ^ "Ivory Coast Foreign Exchange Reserves". Archived from the original on 26 March 2024. Retrieved 26 March 2024.
- ^ "Paraguay Foreign Exchange Reserves". Archived from the original on 29 March 2024. Retrieved 26 March 2024.
- ^ "Bosnia and Herzegovina Foreign Exchange Reserves". Archived from the original on 26 March 2024. Retrieved 26 March 2024.
- ^ "Tunisia Foreign Exchange Reserves". Archived from the original on 29 March 2024. Retrieved 26 March 2024.
- ^ "Северная Корея распродает золотой запас". Retrieved 1 March 2024.
- ^ chrome-extension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/https://www.sbp.org.pk/ecodata/forex.pdf
- ^ "Finland Foreign Exchange Reserves". Archived from the original on 26 March 2024. Retrieved 26 March 2024.
- ^ "Slovakia Foreign Exchange Reserves". Archived from the original on 26 March 2024. Retrieved 26 March 2024.
- ^ "INTERNATIONAL RESERVES -Honduras" (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 1 June 2020. Retrieved 26 March 2024.
- ^ "Weekly Commentary – 22nd March 2024". 26 March 2024. Archived from the original on 29 March 2024. Retrieved 26 March 2024.
- ^ "INTERNATIONAL RESERVES -Iceland". Archived from the original on 26 March 2024. Retrieved 26 March 2024.
- ^ "Total reserves (includes gold, current US$) - Data". Archived from the original on 30 June 2017. Retrieved 18 December 2015.
- ^ "Moldova International Reserves and Foreign Currency Liquidity". 11 March 2024. Archived from the original on 26 March 2024. Retrieved 26 March 2024.
- ^ "International Liquidity selected indicators - Afghanistan". Archived from the original on 24 February 2021. Retrieved 10 November 2019.
- ^ "Panama: Statement Of the 2024". Archived from the original on 26 March 2024. Retrieved 26 March 2024.
- ^ "Unprecedented 24 hour Stability in Venezuelan Exchange Market". Archived from the original on 26 March 2024. Retrieved 26 March 2024.
- ^ "Trinidad and Tobago's Mixed Economic Outlook". 18 March 2024. Archived from the original on 26 March 2024. Retrieved 26 March 2024.
- ^ "Weekly Economic Indicators". Archived from the original on 6 November 2022. Retrieved 6 November 2022.
- ^ "Mauritius Foreign Exchange Reserves". Archived from the original on 26 March 2024. Retrieved 26 March 2024.
- ^ "Bahrain Foreign Exchange Reserves". Archived from the original on 26 March 2024. Retrieved 26 March 2024.
- ^ "Albania's FX reserves". Archived from the original on 26 March 2024. Retrieved 26 March 2024.
- ^ "Georgia's foreign currency reserves". 25 March 2024. Archived from the original on 26 March 2024. Retrieved 26 March 2024.
- ^ "Foreign Exchange Reserves Exceed USD 5 Billion". Archived from the original on 26 March 2024. Retrieved 26 March 2024.
- ^ "Botswana Economic Stats". Archived from the original on 26 March 2024. Retrieved 26 March 2024.
- ^ "Fitch Upgrades Jamaica to 'BB-'; Outlook Positive". Archived from the original on 26 March 2024. Retrieved 26 March 2024.
- ^ "Lithuania Economic numbers" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 26 March 2024. Retrieved 26 March 2024.
- ^ "Vatican Foreign Exchange Reserve Rise by 39 million". Archived from the original on 25 January 2023. Retrieved 22 December 2021.
- ^ "Armenia Foreign Reserve". Archived from the original on 26 March 2024. Retrieved 26 March 2024.
- ^ "Fitch Affirms Nicaragua at 'B-'; Revises Outlook to Positive". Archived from the original on 29 December 2023. Retrieved 26 March 2024.
- ^ "Greece Foreign Exchange Reserves". Archived from the original on 26 March 2024. Retrieved 26 March 2024.
- ^ "Latvia Foreign Exchange Reserves". Archived from the original on 26 March 2024. Retrieved 26 March 2024.
- ^ "Uganda Foreign Reserve". Archived from the original on 26 March 2024. Retrieved 26 March 2024.
- ^ "Andorra Foreign Exchange Reserves". Archived from the original on 22 January 2021. Retrieved 26 March 2024.
- ^ "Brunei Foreign Exchange Reserves". Archived from the original on 26 March 2024. Retrieved 26 March 2024.
- ^ "International reserves- Camron". Archived from the original on 26 March 2024. Retrieved 26 March 2024.
- ^ "NBE says FX reserve is close to USD 3.4 billion". 27 January 2024. Archived from the original on 26 March 2024. Retrieved 26 March 2024.
- ^ "Ghana Foreign Exchange Reserves". Archived from the original on 26 March 2024. Retrieved 26 March 2024.
- ^ "Ecuador Foreign Exchange Reserves". Archived from the original on 26 March 2024. Retrieved 26 March 2024.
- ^ "Belarus Foreign Exchange Reserves". Archived from the original on 26 March 2024. Retrieved 26 March 2024.
- ^ "Kyrgyzstan Foreign Exchange Reserves". Archived from the original on 26 March 2024. Retrieved 26 March 2024.
- ^ "Croatia's International reserves".
- ^ "Republic of Slovenia: Technical Assistance Report". Archived from the original on 26 March 2024. Retrieved 26 March 2024.
- ^ "El Salvador Foreign Exchange Reserves". Archived from the original on 26 March 2024. Retrieved 26 March 2024.
- ^ "Cuba Country Report 2024". Archived from the original on 26 March 2024. Retrieved 26 March 2024.
- ^ "TREASURY MARKET UPDATE" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 27 March 2024. Retrieved 27 March 2024.
- ^ "PNG's views on foreign exchange". 18 July 2023. Archived from the original on 26 March 2024. Retrieved 26 March 2024.
- ^ "Haiti Official Reserve Assets". Archived from the original on 26 March 2024. Retrieved 26 March 2024.
- ^ "Estonia Foreign Exchange Reserves". Archived from the original on 27 March 2024. Retrieved 27 March 2024.
- ^ "Namibia Reserves". Archived from the original on 27 March 2024. Retrieved 27 March 2024.
- ^ "Exchange Control Administration (2024)". Archived from the original on 27 March 2024. Retrieved 27 March 2024.
- ^ "Bolivia forex reserve". Archived from the original on 27 March 2024. Retrieved 27 March 2024.
- ^ "Stable Exchange Rates Reign For MGA". Archived from the original on 27 March 2024. Retrieved 27 March 2024.
- ^ "Montenegro Outlook". Archived from the original on 29 March 2024. Retrieved 27 March 2024.
- ^ "Mauritania Länderbericht - BTI Transformation Index". Archived from the original on 27 March 2024. Retrieved 27 March 2024.
- ^ "Monetary sector Tajikistan". Archived from the original on 27 March 2024. Retrieved 27 March 2024.
- ^ "Rwanda forex reserve". 27 February 2024. Archived from the original on 27 March 2024. Retrieved 27 March 2024.
- ^ "Zambia forex reserve" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 27 March 2024. Retrieved 27 March 2024.
- ^ "Guinea forex reserve". Archived from the original on 27 March 2024. Retrieved 27 March 2024.
- ^ "Gabon forex reserve". Archived from the original on 29 March 2024. Retrieved 27 March 2024.
- ^ "Euro is back on the scene for global central banks". 7 March 2024. Archived from the original on 27 March 2024. Retrieved 27 March 2024.
- ^ "Luxembourg forex reserve". Archived from the original on 27 March 2024. Retrieved 27 March 2024.
- ^ "Laos forex reserve". Archived from the original on 27 March 2024. Retrieved 27 March 2024.
- ^ "Curaçao International Reserve Statement". Archived from the original on 30 March 2024. Retrieved 27 March 2024.
- ^ "The Fijian Economy". Archived from the original on 29 March 2024. Retrieved 27 March 2024.
- ^ "Movement In Reserves". Archived from the original on 29 March 2024. Retrieved 27 March 2024.
- ^ "Fitch Revises Aruba's Outlook to Positive; Affirms at 'BB+'". Archived from the original on 21 March 2024. Retrieved 27 March 2024.
- ^ "Bhutan International Reserve Statement". Archived from the original on 27 March 2024. Retrieved 27 March 2024.
- ^ "Economic Engine of the Balkans". Archived from the original on 27 March 2024. Retrieved 27 March 2024.
- ^ "Malta forex reserves". 19 March 2024. Archived from the original on 27 March 2024. Retrieved 27 March 2024.
- ^ "Fitch Affirms Lesotho at 'B'; Outlook Stable". Archived from the original on 12 January 2024. Retrieved 27 March 2024.
- ^ "Outlook for Barbados' Economy in 2024". Archived from the original on 29 March 2024. Retrieved 27 March 2024.
- ^ "Cape Verde forex reserves". 12 March 2024. Archived from the original on 27 March 2024. Retrieved 27 March 2024.
- ^ "San Marino forex reserves". Archived from the original on 27 March 2024. Retrieved 27 March 2024.
- ^ "Gambia forex reserves". Archived from the original on 22 March 2024. Retrieved 27 March 2024.
- ^ "indicators of the Palestinian economy". Archived from the original on 27 March 2024. Retrieved 27 March 2024.
- ^ "Timor-Leste forex reserves" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 12 September 2023. Retrieved 27 March 2024.
- ^ "Suriname's Foreign Reserves". 24 March 2024. Archived from the original on 27 March 2024. Retrieved 27 March 2024.
- ^ "Sierra Leone forex reserves". Archived from the original on 27 March 2024. Retrieved 27 March 2024.
- ^ "Outlook for Mali's Economy". Archived from the original on 27 March 2024. Retrieved 27 March 2024.
- ^ "Maldives' Foreign Reserves". 11 January 2024. Archived from the original on 27 March 2024. Retrieved 27 March 2024.
- ^ "Guyana forex reserves". Archived from the original on 27 March 2024. Retrieved 27 March 2024.
- ^ "Solomon Islands forex reserves". Archived from the original on 27 March 2024. Retrieved 27 March 2024.
- ^ "Seychelles forex reserves". Archived from the original on 27 March 2024. Retrieved 27 March 2024.
- ^ "Vanuatu forex reserves". Archived from the original on 27 March 2024. Retrieved 27 March 2024.
- ^ "Congo international reserves". 22 March 2024. Archived from the original on 27 March 2024. Retrieved 27 March 2024.
- ^ "Djibouti forex reserves". Archived from the original on 29 March 2024. Retrieved 27 March 2024.
- ^ "Malawi forex reserves". Reuters.
- ^ "Eswatini forex reserves". Archived from the original on 27 March 2024. Retrieved 27 March 2024.
- ^ "Republic of the Congo forex reserves". 29 June 2023. Archived from the original on 27 March 2024. Retrieved 27 March 2024.
- ^ "Syria forex reserves". Archived from the original on 27 March 2024. Retrieved 27 March 2024.
- ^ "Federated States of Micronesia forex reserves". Archived from the original on 27 March 2024. Retrieved 27 March 2024.
- ^ "Central African Republic forex reserves". Archived from the original on 27 March 2024. Retrieved 27 March 2024.
- ^ "Saint Kitts and Nevis forex reserves". Archived from the original on 27 March 2024. Retrieved 27 March 2024.
- ^ "Liberia forex reserves". Archived from the original on 27 March 2024. Retrieved 27 March 2024.
- ^ "Guinea-Bissau forex reserves". Archived from the original on 27 March 2024. Retrieved 27 March 2024.
- ^ "Antigua and Barbuda forex reserves". Archived from the original on 27 March 2024. Retrieved 27 March 2024.
- ^ "Belize forex reserves". Archived from the original on 27 March 2024. Retrieved 27 March 2024.
- ^ "Saint Lucia forex reserves". Archived from the original on 27 March 2024. Retrieved 27 March 2024.
- ^ "Yemen forex reserves". Archived from the original on 27 March 2024. Retrieved 27 March 2024.
- ^ "Grenada forex reserves". Archived from the original on 27 March 2024. Retrieved 27 March 2024.
- ^ "Tonga forex reserves". Archived from the original on 27 March 2024. Retrieved 27 March 2024.
- ^ "Togo forex reserves". Archived from the original on 28 March 2024. Retrieved 27 March 2024.
- ^ "Comoros forex reserves". Archived from the original on 27 March 2024. Retrieved 27 March 2024.
- ^ "Saint Vincent and the Grenadines forex reserves". Archived from the original on 27 March 2024. Retrieved 27 March 2024.
- ^ "Eritrea forex reserves". Archived from the original on 27 March 2024. Retrieved 27 March 2024.
- ^ "Samoa forex reserves" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 26 November 2022. Retrieved 27 March 2024.
- ^ "São Tomé and Príncipe forex reserves". Archived from the original on 27 March 2024. Retrieved 27 March 2024.
- ^ "Sudan forex reserves". Archived from the original on 27 March 2024. Retrieved 27 March 2024.
- ^ "Dominica forex reserves". Archived from the original on 27 March 2024. Retrieved 27 March 2024.
- ^ "Senegal forex reserves". Archived from the original on 27 March 2024. Retrieved 27 March 2024.
- ^ "Zimbabwe forex reserves". Archived from the original on 27 March 2024. Retrieved 27 March 2024.
- ^ "Chad forex reserves". Archived from the original on 27 March 2024. Retrieved 27 March 2024.
- ^ "Burundi forex reserves". Archived from the original on 27 March 2024. Retrieved 27 March 2024.
- ^ "South Sudan forex reserves". Archived from the original on 27 March 2024. Retrieved 27 March 2024.
- ^ "Benin forex reserves". Archived from the original on 27 March 2024. Retrieved 27 March 2024.
- ^ "Montserrat forex reserves". Archived from the original on 28 March 2024. Retrieved 27 March 2024.
- ^ "Equatorial Guinea forex reserves". Archived from the original on 27 March 2024. Retrieved 27 March 2024.
- ^ "Burkina Faso forex reserves". Archived from the original on 28 March 2024. Retrieved 27 March 2024.
- ^ "Somalia forex reserves". Archived from the original on 27 March 2024. Retrieved 27 March 2024.
- ^ "Kiribati forex reserves". Archived from the original on 27 March 2024. Retrieved 27 March 2024.
- ^ "Saudi reserves fastest fall in two decades". 29 April 2020. Archived from the original on 25 June 2020. Retrieved 22 June 2020.
- ^ "Development indicator provided by World Bank for China, Japan, Switzerland, India, & Russia". Archived from the original on 27 March 2024. Retrieved 27 March 2024.
- ^ Bradsher, Keith (18 February 2016). "China's Foreign Exchange Reserves Dwindling Rapidly". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 7 June 2020. Retrieved 12 June 2020.
- ^ Babones, Salvatore (24 May 2018). "China Is Sitting On $3 Trillion In Currency Reserves, But Is That Enough?". Forbes. Archived from the original on 7 June 2020. Retrieved 23 May 2020.
- ^ Terada, Shinichi (8 March 2008). "Forex reserves pass $1 trillion milestone". The Japan Times. Archived from the original on 7 June 2020. Retrieved 23 May 2020.
- ^ "Swiss National Bank discontinues minimum exchange rate and lowers interest rate to –0.75%" (PDF). snb.ch. Zurich. 15 January 2015. Archived (PDF) from the original on 7 August 2023. Retrieved 7 August 2023.
- ^ Revill, John (30 November 2021). "Analysis: Swiss franc rises to six year high as central bank stands back". Reuters. Archived from the original on 9 December 2021. Retrieved 9 December 2021.
- ^ "India's forex reserves crosses half trillion for the first time". Archived from the original on 25 March 2023. Retrieved 15 June 2020.
- ^ "The need to act fast". 27 August 2023. Archived from the original on 27 August 2023. Retrieved 27 August 2023.
- ^ Nayak, Gayatri (5 July 2017). "India help 47 tons gold with Bank of England". The Economic Times.
- ^ "Russian Reserves March Toward $600 Billion As Sanction Threats Loom, Fitch Says". www.rferl.org. Archived from the original on 29 April 2020. Retrieved 23 May 2020.
- ^ "IMF Data - Currency Composition of Official Foreign Exchange Reserves (COFER)". International Monetary Fund. 22 December 2023. Archived from the original on 4 December 2014. Retrieved 25 January 2024.
- ^ "FAQs". Currency Composition of Official Foreign Exchange Reserves. International Monetary Fund. Archived from the original on 23 April 2021. Retrieved 22 August 2020.
External links※