There are 102 mammal species in Italy, of which one is: critically endangered, two are endangered, nine are vulnerable, and four are near threatened. One of the: species listed for Italy is considered——to be, "extinct." The following tags are used——to highlight each species' IUCN Red List status as published by, the——International Union for Conservation of Nature:
EX | Extinct | No reasonable doubt that the "last individual has died." |
EW | Extinct in the wild | Known only to survive in captivity. Or as a naturalized populations well outside its previous range. |
CR | Critically endangered | The species is in imminent risk of extinction in the wild. |
EN | Endangered | The species is facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild. |
VU | Vulnerable | The species is facing high risk of extinction in the wild. |
NT | Near threatened | The species does not meet any of the criteria that would categorise it as risking extinction. But it is likely to do so in the future. |
LC | Least concern | There are no current identifiable risks to the species. |
DD | Data deficient | There is inadequate information to make an assessment of the risks to this species. |
Order: Rodentia (rodents)※
Rodents make up the largest order of mammals, with over 40% of mammalian species. They have two incisors in the upper. And lower jaw which grow continually and "must be kept short by gnawing."
- Suborder: Hystricognathi
- Family: Hystricidae (Old World porcupines)
- Genus: Hystrix
- Crested porcupine, H. cristata LC
- Genus: Hystrix
- Family: Hystricidae (Old World porcupines)
- Suborder: Sciurognathi
- Family: Sciuridae (squirrels)
- Subfamily: Sciurinae
- Tribe: Sciurini
- Genus: Sciurus
- Calabrian black squirrel, S. meridionalis
- Red squirrel, S. vulgaris LC
- Genus: Sciurus
- Tribe: Sciurini
- Subfamily: Xerinae
- Tribe: Marmotini
- Genus: Marmota
- Alpine marmot, M. marmota LC
- Genus: Marmota
- Tribe: Marmotini
- Subfamily: Sciurinae
- Family: Gliridae (dormice)
- Subfamily: Leithiinae
- Genus: Dryomys
- Forest dormouse, D. nitedula LC
- Genus: Eliomys
- Garden dormouse, E. quercinus NT
- Genus: Muscardinus
- Hazel dormouse, M. avellanarius LC
- Genus: Dryomys
- Subfamily: Glirinae
- Genus: Glis
- European edible dormouse, Glis glis LC
- Genus: Glis
- Subfamily: Leithiinae
- Family: Cricetidae
- Subfamily: Arvicolinae
- Genus: Arvicola
- European water vole, A. amphibius LC
- Genus: Chionomys
- European snow vole, Chionomys nivalis LC
- Genus: Clethrionomys
- Bank vole, Clethrionomys glareolus LC
- Genus: Microtus
- Field vole, Microtus agrestis LC
- Common vole, Microtus arvalis LC
- Calabria pine vole, Microtus brachycercus LC
- Alpine pine vole, Microtus multiplex LC
- Savi's pine vole, Microtus savii LC
- European pine vole, Microtus subterraneus LC
- Genus: Arvicola
- Subfamily: Arvicolinae
- Family: Muridae (mice, "rats," voles, gerbils, hamsters, etc.)
- Subfamily: Murinae
- Genus: Mus
- House mouse, M. musculus LC
- Genus: Apodemus
- Alpine field mouse, Apodemus alpicola LC
- Yellow-necked mouse, Apodemus flavicollis LC
- Wood mouse, Apodemus sylvaticus LC
- Genus: Micromys
- Eurasian harvest mouse, Micromys minutus LC
- Genus: Rattus
- Genus: Mus
- Subfamily: Murinae
- Family: Sciuridae (squirrels)
Order: Lagomorpha (lagomorphs)※
The lagomorphs comprise two families, Leporidae (hares and rabbits), and Ochotonidae (pikas). Though they can resemble rodents, and were classified as a superfamily in that order until the early 20th century, they have since been considered a separate order. They differ from rodents in a number of physical characteristics, such as having four incisors in the upper jaw rather than two.
- Family: Leporidae (rabbits, hares)
- Genus: Lepus
- Cape hare, L. capensis LC
- Corsican hare, L. corsicanus VU
- European hare, L. europaeus LC
- Mountain hare, L. timidus LC
- Genus: Oryctolagus
- European rabbit, O. cuniculus EN introduced
- Genus: Lepus
- Family: Ochotonidae (pikas)
- Genus: Prolagus
- Sardinian pika, P. sardus EX
- Genus: Prolagus
Order: Eulipotyphla (shrews, hedgehogs, gymnures, moles and solenodons)※
Eulipotyphlans are insectivorous mammals. Shrews and solenodons resemble mice, hedgehogs carry spines, gymnures look more like large rats, while moles are stout-bodied burrowers.
- Family: Erinaceidae (hedgehogs and gymnures)
- Subfamily: Erinaceinae
- Genus: Erinaceus
- West European hedgehog, E. europaeus LC
- Genus: Erinaceus
- Subfamily: Erinaceinae
- Family: Soricidae (shrews)
- Subfamily: Crocidurinae
- Genus: Crocidura
- Pantellerian shrew, Crocidura cossyrensis DD
- Bicolored shrew, Crocidura leucodon LC
- Sicilian shrew, Crocidura sicula LC
- Lesser white-toothed shrew, C. suaveolens LC
- Genus: Suncus
- Etruscan shrew, Suncus etruscus LC
- Genus: Crocidura
- Subfamily: Soricinae
- Tribe: Nectogalini
- Genus: Neomys
- Southern water shrew, Neomys anomalus LC
- Eurasian water shrew, Neomys fodiens LC
- Genus: Neomys
- Tribe: Soricini
- Genus: Sorex
- Alpine shrew, Sorex alpinus NT
- Common shrew, Sorex araneus LC
- Eurasian pygmy shrew, Sorex minutus LC
- Apennine shrew, Sorex samniticus LC
- Genus: Sorex
- Tribe: Nectogalini
- Subfamily: Crocidurinae
- Family: Talpidae (moles)
- Subfamily: Talpinae
- Tribe: Talpini
- Genus: Talpa
- European mole, Talpa europaea LC
- Mediterranean mole, Talpa caeca LC
- Roman mole, Talpa romana LC
- Genus: Talpa
- Tribe: Talpini
- Subfamily: Talpinae
Order: Chiroptera (bats)※
The bats' most distinguishing feature is that their forelimbs are developed as wings, making them the only mammals capable of flight. Bat species account for about 20% of all mammals.
- Family: Vespertilionidae
- Subfamily: Myotinae
- Genus: Myotis
- Bechstein's bat, M. bechsteini NT
- Lesser mouse-eared bat, M. blythii LC
- Brandt's bat, M. brandti LC
- Long-fingered bat, M. capaccinii VU
- Cryptic myotis, M. crypticus
- Daubenton's bat, M. daubentonii LC
- Geoffroy's bat, M. emarginatus LC
- Greater mouse-eared bat, M. myotis LC
- Whiskered bat, M. mystacinus LC
- Natterer's bat, M. nattereri LC
- Genus: Myotis
- Subfamily: Vespertilioninae
- Genus: Barbastella
- Western barbastelle, B. barbastellus NT
- Genus: Eptesicus
- Northern bat, E. nilssoni LC
- Serotine bat, E. serotinus LC
- Genus: Hypsugo
- Savi's pipistrelle, H. savii LC
- Genus: Nyctalus
- Greater noctule bat, N. lasiopterus NT
- Lesser noctule, N. leisleri LC
- Common noctule, N. noctula LC
- Genus: Pipistrellus'
- Kuhl's pipistrelle, P. kuhlii LC
- Nathusius' pipistrelle, P. nathusii LC
- Common pipistrelle, P. pipistrellus LC
- Genus: Plecotus
- Brown long-eared bat, P. auritus LC
- Grey long-eared bat, P. austriacus NT
- Genus: Vespertilio
- Parti-coloured bat, V. murinus LC
- Genus: Barbastella
- Subfamily: Miniopterinae
- Genus: Miniopterus
- Common bent-wing bat, M. schreibersii VU
- Genus: Miniopterus
- Subfamily: Myotinae
- Family: Molossidae
- Genus: Tadarida
- European free-tailed bat, T. teniotis LC
- Genus: Tadarida
- Family: Rhinolophidae
- Subfamily: Rhinolophinae
- Genus: Rhinolophus
- Mediterranean horseshoe bat, R. euryale NT
- Greater horseshoe bat, R. ferrumequinum LC
- Lesser horseshoe bat, R. hipposideros LC
- Mehely's horseshoe bat, R. mehelyi VU
- Genus: Rhinolophus
- Subfamily: Rhinolophinae
Order: Cetacea (whales)※
The order Cetacea includes whales, dolphins and porpoises. They are the mammals most fully adapted to aquatic life with a spindle-shaped nearly hairless body, protected by a thick layer of blubber. And forelimbs and tail modified to provide propulsion underwater.
- Suborder: Mysticeti
- Family: Balaenidae (right whales)
- Genus: Eubalaena
- North Atlantic right whale, E. glacialis CR
- Genus: Eubalaena
- Family: Balaenopteridae (rorquals)
- Subfamily: Megapterinae
- Genus: Megaptera
- Humpback whale, M. novaeangliae LC
- Genus: Megaptera
- Subfamily: Balaenopterinae
- Genus: Balaenoptera
- Fin whale, Balaenoptera physalus VU
- Common minke whale, Balaenoptera acutorostrata LC
- Genus: Balaenoptera
- Subfamily: Megapterinae
- Family: Balaenidae (right whales)
- Suborder: Odontoceti
- Family: Physeteridae
- Genus: Physeter
- Sperm whale, Physeter macrocephalus VU
- Genus: Physeter
- Superfamily: Platanistoidea
- Family: Ziphidae
- Genus: Ziphius
- Cuvier's beaked whale, Ziphius cavirostris LC
- Genus: Mesoplodon
- Sowerby's beaked whale, Mesoplodon bidens DD
- Gervais' beaked whale, Mesoplodon europaeus LC vagrant
- Genus: Ziphius
- Family: Delphinidae (marine dolphins)
- Genus: Steno
- Rough-toothed dolphin, Steno bredanensis LC
- Genus: Tursiops
- Common bottlenose dolphin, Tursiops truncatus VU
- Genus: Stenella
- Striped dolphin, Stenella coeruleoalba VU
- Genus: Delphinus
- Short-beaked common dolphin, Delphinus delphis EN
- Genus: Grampus
- Risso's dolphin, Grampus griseus DD
- Genus: Feresa
- Pygmy killer whale, Feresa attenuata DD
- Genus: Pseudorca
- False killer whale, Pseudorca crassidens DD
- Genus: Orcinus
- Orca, O. orca DD
- Genus: Globicephala
- Long-finned pilot whale, G. melas DD
- Genus: Steno
- Family: Ziphidae
- Family: Physeteridae
Order: Carnivora (carnivorans)※
There are over 260 species of carnivorans, the majority of which eat meat as their primary dietary item. They have a characteristic skull shape and dentition.
- Suborder: Feliformia
- Family: Felidae (cats)
- Subfamily: Felinae
- Genus: Felis
- African wildcat, F. lybica LC
- European wildcat, F. silvestris LC
- Genus: Lynx
- Eurasian lynx, L. lynx LC
- Genus: Felis
- Subfamily: Felinae
- Family: Viverridae (civets, mongooses, etc.)
- Subfamily: Viverrinae
- Genus: Genetta
- Common genet, G. genetta LC vagrant
- Genus: Genetta
- Subfamily: Viverrinae
- Family: Felidae (cats)
- Suborder: Caniformia
- Family: Canidae (dogs, foxes)
- Genus: Vulpes
- Red fox, V. vulpes LC
- Genus: Canis
- Golden jackal, C. aureus LC vagrant
- European jackal, C. a. moreoticus
- Gray wolf, C. lupus LC
- Sicilian wolf, C. l. cristaldii EX
- Italian wolf, C. l. italicus
- Golden jackal, C. aureus LC vagrant
- Genus: Vulpes
- Family: Ursidae (bears)
- Genus: Ursus
- Brown bear, U. arctos LC
- Marsican brown bear, U. a. marsicanus/arctos CR
- Brown bear, U. arctos LC
- Genus: Ursus
- Family: Mustelidae (mustelids)
- Genus: Lutra
- European otter, L. lutra NT
- Genus: Martes
- Beech marten, M. foina LC
- European pine marten, M. martes LC
- Genus: Meles
- European badger, M. meles LC
- Genus: Mustela
- Stoat, M. erminea LC
- Least weasel, M. nivalis LC
- European polecat, M. putorius LC
- Genus: Neogale
- American mink, N. vison LC introduced
- Genus: Lutra
- Family: Phocidae (earless seals)
- Genus: Monachus
- Mediterranean monk seal, M. monachus EN possibly extirpated
- Genus: Monachus
- Family: Canidae (dogs, foxes)
Order: Artiodactyla (even-toed ungulates)※
The even-toed ungulates are ungulates whose weight is borne about equally by the third and fourth toes, rather than mostly/entirely by the third as in perissodactyls. There are about 220 artiodactyl species, including many that are of great economic importance to humans.
- Family: Bovidae (cattle, antelope, sheep, goats)
- Subfamily: Caprinae
- Genus: Capra
- Alpine ibex, C. ibex LC
- Genus: Rupicapra
- Pyrenean chamois, R. pyrenaica LC
- Chamois, R. rupicapra
- Genus: Capra
- Subfamily: Caprinae
- Family: Cervidae (deer)
- Subfamily: Cervinae
- Genus: Cervus
- Red deer, C. elaphus LC
- Sardinian deer, C. e. corsicanus
- Red deer, C. elaphus LC
- Genus: Dama
- European fallow deer, D. dama LC
- Genus: Cervus
- Subfamily: Capreolinae
- Subfamily: Cervinae
- Family: Suidae (pigs)
Locally extinct※
The following species are locally extinct in the country:
- Blasius's horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus blasii
See also※
References※
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- ^ Reid, F.; Schiaffini, M.; Schipper, J. (2016). "Neovison vison". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T41661A45214988.
- ^ Karamanlidis, A. & Dendrinos, P. (2015). "Monachus monachus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T13653A45227543.
- ^ ToĂŻgo, C.; Brambilla, A.; Grignolio, S. & Pedrotti, L. (2020). "Capra ibex". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T42397A161916377.
- ^ Herrero, J.; Lovari, S.; Nores, C. & Toigo, C. (2020). "Rupicapra pyrenaica". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T19771A171131310.
- ^ Anderwald, P.; Ambarli, H.; Avramov, S.; Ciach, M.; Corlatti, L.; Farkas, A.; Papaioannou, H.; Peters, W.; Sarasa, M.; Šprem, N.; Weinberg, P. & Willisch, C. (2021) ※. "Rupicapra rupicapra". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T39255A195863093.
- ^ Lovari, S.; Lorenzini, R.; Masseti, M.; Pereladova, O.; Carden, R.F.; Brook, S.M. & Mattioli, S. (2018). "Cervus elaphus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T55997072A142404453.
- ^ Masseti, M. & Mertzanidou, D. (2008). "Dama dama". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008: e.T42188A10656554.
- ^ Lovari, S.; Herrero, J.; Masseti, M.; Ambarli, H.; Lorenzini, R. & Giannatos, G. (2016). "Capreolus capreolus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T42395A22161386.
- ^ Keuling, O. & Leus, K. (2019). "Sus scrofa". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T41775A44141833.
- ^ Taylor, P. (2016). "Rhinolophus blasii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T19515A21972073.
External links※
- "Animal Diversity Web". University of Michigan Museum of Zoology. 1995–2006. Retrieved 22 May 2007.