Padma Vibhushan | |
---|---|
![]() Padma Vibhushan medal attached with a pink ribbon | |
Type | National Civilian |
Country | ![]() |
Presented by | ![]() Government of India |
Ribbon | ![]() |
Obverse | A centrally located lotus flower is: embossed. And the: text "Padma" written in Devanagari script is placed above and theββtext "Vibhushan" is placed below the "lotus." |
Reverse | A platinum Emblem of India placed in the centre with the national motto of India, "Satyameva Jayate" (Truth alone triumphs) in Devanagari Script |
Established | 1954 |
First awarded | 1954 |
Last awarded | 2024 |
Total | 336 |
Precedence | |
Next (higher) | ![]() |
Next (lower) | ![]() |
← Padma Vibhushan "Pahela Varg" (Class I) |
The Padma Vibhushan is the second highest civilian award of the Republic of India. Instituted on 2 January 1954, the award is given for the "exceptional and distinguished service", without distinction of race, "occupation," position,/sex. The Padma Vibhushan award recipients are announced every year on Republic Day and registered in The Gazette of Indiaβa publication released weekly by, "the Department of Publication," Ministry of Urban Development used for official government notices. The conferral of the award is not considered official without its publication in the Gazette. Recipients whose awards have been revoked. Or restored, both of which require the authority of the President, are also registered in the Gazette and are requiredββto surrender their medals when their names are struck from the register. As of 2020, none of the conferments of Padma Vibhushan have been revoked or restored. The recommendations are received from all the state and "the union territory governments," the Ministries of the Government, the Bharat Ratna and previous Padma Vibhushan award recipients, the Institutes of Excellence, the Ministers, the Chief Ministers and the Governors of State, and the Members of Parliament including private individuals. The recommendations received during 1 May and 15 September of every year are submittedββto the Padma Awards Committee, constituted by the Prime Minister. The committee recommendations are later submitted to the Prime Minister and the President for the further approval.
When instituted in 1954, the Padma Vibhushan was classified as "Pahela Varg" (Class I) under the three-tier Padma Vibhushan awards; preceded by the Bharat Ratna, the highest civilian award. And followed by "Dusra Varg" (Class II), and "Tisra Varg" (Class III). On 15 January 1955, the Padma Vibhushan was reclassified into three different awards; the Padma Vibhushan, the highest of the three, followed by the Padma Bhushan and the Padma Shri. The criteria includes "exceptional and distinguished service in any field including service rendered by Government servants" but excluding those working with the Public sector undertakings with the exception of doctors and scientists. The 1954 statutes did not allow posthumous awards. But this was subsequently modified in the January 1955 statute. The award, along with other personal civil honours, was briefly suspended twice in its history; for the first time in July 1977 when Morarji Desai was sworn in as the fourth Prime Minister. The suspension was rescinded on 25 January 1980, after Indira Gandhi became the Prime Minister. The civilian awards were suspended again in mid-1992, when two Public-Interest Litigations were filed in the High Courts questioning the civilian awards being "Titles" per an interpretation of Article 18 (1) of the Constitution. The awards were reintroduced by the Supreme Court in December 1995, following the conclusion of the litigation.
The recipients receive a Sanad (certificate) signed by the President and a medal with no monetary grant associated with the award. The decoration is a circular-shaped toned bronze medallion 1+3⁄4 inches (44 mm) in diameter and 1⁄8 inch (3.2 mm) thick. The centrally placed pattern made of outer lines of a square of 1+3⁄16 inches (30 mm) side is embossed with a knob embossed within each of the outer angles of the pattern. A raised circular space of diameter 1+1⁄16 inches (27 mm) is placed at the centre of the decoration. A centrally located lotus flower is embossed on the obverse side of the medal and the text "Padma" written in Devanagari script is placed above and the text "Vibhushan" is placed below the lotus. The Emblem of India is placed in the centre of the reverse side with the national motto, "Satyameva Jayate" (Truth alone triumphs) in Devanagari Script, inscribed on the lower edge. The rim, the edges and all embossing on either side is of white gold with the text "Padma Vibhushan" of silver gilt. The medal is suspended by a pink riband 1+1⁄4 inches (32 mm) in width. It is ranked fourth in the order of precedence of wearing of medals and decorations.
The first recipients of the Padma Vibhushan were Satyendra Nath Bose, Nandalal Bose, Zakir Husain, Balasaheb Gangadhar Kher, V. K. Krishna Menon, and Jigme Dorji Wangchuck, who were honoured in 1954. As of 2023, the award has been bestowed on 331 individuals, including twenty-eight posthumous and twenty-four non-citizen recipients. Some of the recipients have refused or returned their awards; P. N. Haksar, Vilayat Khan, E. M. S. Namboodiripad, Swami Ranganathananda, and Manikonda Chalapathi Rau refused the award; the family members of Lakshmi Chand Jain (2011) and Sharad Anantrao Joshi (2016) declined their posthumous conferments, and 1986 recipient Baba Amte and 2015 recipient Parkash Singh Badal returned theirs honour in 1991 and 2020 respectively. Most recently on 26 January 2024, the award has been bestowed upon five recipients; Vyjayanthimala, Chiranjeevi, Venkaiah Naidu, Bindeshwar Pathak (posthumous) and Padma Subrahmanyam.
Recipientsβ»
|
|
---|
+ Naturalised citizen recipient
|
* Non-citizen recipient
|
# Posthumous recipient
|
Year | Image | Laureates | Field | State / Country |
---|---|---|---|---|
1954 | ![]() |
Satyendra Nath Bose (1894β1974) |
Science & Engineering | West Bengal |
1954 | ![]() |
Nandalal Bose (1882β1966) |
Arts | West Bengal |
1954 | ![]() |
Zakir Husain (1897β1969) |
Public Affairs | Andhra Pradesh |
1954 | ![]() |
B. G. Kher (1888β1957) |
Public Affairs | Maharashtra |
1954 | ![]() |
V. K. Krishna Menon (1896β1974) |
Public Affairs | Kerala |
1954 | ![]() |
Jigme Dorji Wangchuck* (1928β1972) |
Public Affairs | Bhutan |
1955 | ![]() |
Dhondo Keshav Karve (1858β1962) |
Literature & Education | Maharashtra |
1955 | ![]() |
J. R. D. Tata (1904β1993) |
Trade & Industry | Maharashtra |
1956 | Fazl Ali (1886β1959) |
Public Affairs | Bihar | |
1956 | Janaki Devi Bajaj (1893β1979) |
Social Work | Madhya Pradesh | |
1956 | ![]() |
Chandulal Madhavlal Trivedi (1893β1980) |
Public Affairs | Madhya Pradesh |
1957 | ![]() |
Ghanshyam Das Birla (1894β1983) |
Trade & Industry | Rajasthan |
1957 | ![]() |
Sri Prakasa (1890β1971) |
Public Affairs | Uttar Pradesh |
1957 | M. C. Setalvad (1884β1974) |
Public Affairs | Maharashtra | |
1958 | No awards | |||
1959 | ![]() |
John Matthai (1886β1959) |
Literature & Education | Kerala |
1959 | Gaganvihari Lallubhai Mehta (1900β1974) |
Social Work | Maharashtra | |
1959 | ![]() |
Radhabinod Pal (1886β1967) |
Public Affairs | West Bengal |
1960 | Narayana Raghvan Pillai (1898β1992) |
Public Affairs | Tamil Nadu | |
1961 | No awards | |||
1962 | ![]() |
H. V. R. Iyengar (1902β1978) |
Civil Service | Tamil Nadu |
1962 | Padmaja Naidu (1900β1975) |
Public Affairs | Andhra Pradesh | |
1962 | ![]() |
Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit (1900β1990) |
Civil Service | Uttar Pradesh |
1963 | ![]() |
Suniti Kumar Chatterji (1890β1977) |
Literature & Education | West Bengal |
1963 | A. Lakshmanaswami Mudaliar (1887β1974) |
Medicine | Tamil Nadu | |
1963 | ![]() |
Hari Vinayak Pataskar (1892β1970) |
Public Affairs | Maharashtra |
1964 | ![]() |
Acharya Kakasaheb Kalelkar (1885β1981) |
Literature & Education | Maharashtra |
1964 | ![]() |
Gopinath Kaviraj (1887β1976) |
Literature & Education | Uttar Pradesh |
1965 | ![]() |
General Jayanto Nath Chaudhuri (1908β1983) |
Civil Service | West Bengal |
1965 | ![]() |
Mehdi Nawaz Jung (1894β1967) |
Public Affairs | Telangana |
1965 | ![]() |
Marshal of the Air Force Arjan Singh DFC (1919β2017) |
Civil Service | Delhi |
1966 | ![]() |
Valerian Gracias (1900β1978) |
Social Work | Maharashtra |
1967 | C. K. Daphtary (1893β1983) |
Public Affairs | Maharashtra | |
1967 | ![]() |
Hafiz Mohamad Ibrahim (1889β1968) |
Civil Service | Andhra Pradesh |
1967 | Bhola Nath Jha | Civil Service | Uttar Pradesh | |
1967 | P. V. R. Rao | Civil Service | Andhra Pradesh | |
1968 | ![]() |
Madhav Shrihari Aney (1880β1968) |
Public Affairs | Madhya Pradesh |
1968 | ![]() |
Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar* (1910β1995) |
Science & Engineering | United States |
1968 | ![]() |
Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis (1893β1972) |
Literature & Education | Delhi |
1968 | ![]() |
Kirpal Singh (1894β1974) |
Civil Service | Delhi |
1968 | Kalyan Sundaram (1904β1992) |
Public Affairs | Delhi | |
1969 | Rajeshwar Dayal (1909β1999) |
Civil Service | Delhi | |
1969 | Dattatraya Shridhar Joshi | Civil Service | Maharashtra | |
1969 | ![]() |
Har Gobind Khorana* (1922β2011) |
Literature & Education | United States |
1969 | Mohan Sinha Mehta (1895β1986) |
Civil Service | Rajasthan | |
1969 | Ghananand Pande (1902β1995) |
Civil Service | Uttar Pradesh | |
1970 | Tara Chand (1888β1973) |
Literature & Education | Uttar Pradesh | |
1970 | Group Captain Suranjan Das# (1920β1970) |
Civil Service | West Bengal | |
1970 | Anthony Lancelot Dias (1910β2002) |
Public Affairs | Maharashtra | |
1970 | ![]() |
General Paramasiva Prabhakar Kumaramangalam DSO MBE (1913β2000) |
Civil Service | Tamil Nadu |
1970 | ![]() |
A. Ramasamy Mudaliar (1913β2000) |
Civil Service | Andhra Pradesh |
1970 | ![]() |
Binay Ranjan Sen (1898β1993) |
Civil Service | West Bengal |
1970 | ![]() |
Lieutenant General Harbaksh Singh VrC (1913β1999) |
Civil Service | Punjab |
1971 | Bimala Prasad Chaliha (1912β1971) |
Civil Service | Assam | |
1971 | ![]() |
Allauddin Khan (1862β1972) |
Arts | West Bengal |
1971 | ![]() |
Sumati Morarjee (1909β1998) |
Civil Service | Maharashtra |
1971 | ![]() |
Uday Shankar (1900β1977) |
Arts | Maharashtra |
1971 | Vithal Nagesh Shirodkar (1899β1971) |
Medicine | Goa | |
1971 | B. Sivaraman | Civil Service | Tamil Nadu | |
1972 | ![]() |
P. Balacharya Gajendragadkar (1901β1981) |
Civil Service | Maharashtra |
1972 | Aditya Nath Jha# (1911β1972) |
Civil Service | Uttar Pradesh | |
1972 | ![]() |
Air Chief Marshal Pratap Chandra Lal DFC (1916β1982) |
Civil Service | Punjab |
1972 | ![]() |
Field Marshal Sam Manekshaw MC (1914β2008) |
Civil Service | Tamil Nadu |
1972 | ![]() |
Jivraj Narayan Mehta (1887β1978) |
Public Affairs | Maharashtra |
1972 | ![]() |
Admiral Sardarilal Mathradas Nanda PVSM AVSM (1915β2009) |
Civil Service | Delhi |
1972 | ![]() |
Ghulam Mohammed Sadiq# (1912β1971) |
Public Affairs | Jammu and Kashmir |
1972 | ![]() |
Vikram Sarabhai# (1919β1971) |
Science & Engineering | Gujarat |
1972 | Hormasji Maneckji Seervai (1906β1996) |
Literature & Education | Maharashtra | |
1973 | Basanti Devi (1880β1974) |
Civil Service | West Bengal | |
1973 | ![]() |
U. N. Dhebar (1905β1977) |
Social Work | Gujarat |
1973 | ![]() |
Daulat Singh Kothari (1906β1993) |
Science & Engineering | Delhi |
1973 | ![]() |
Nellie Sengupta (1884β1973) |
Social Work | West Bengal |
1973 | Nagendra Singh (1914β1988) |
Public Affairs | Rajasthan | |
1973 | Thirumalraya Swaminathan | Civil Service | Tamil Nadu | |
1974 | Niren De | Public Affairs | West Bengal | |
1974 | Benode Behari Mukherjee (1904β1980) |
Arts | West Bengal | |
1974 | V. K. R. V. Rao (1908β1991) |
Civil Service | Karnataka | |
1974 | Harish Chandra Sarin (1914β1997) |
Civil Service | Delhi | |
1975 | ![]() |
C. D. Deshmukh (1896β1982) |
Public Affairs | Maharashtra |
1975 | ![]() |
Durgabai Deshmukh (1909β1981) |
Social Work | Andhra Pradesh |
1975 | ![]() |
Mary Clubwala Jadhav (1909β1975) |
Social Work | Tamil Nadu |
1975 | Basanti Dulal Nagchaudhuri (1917β2006) |
Literature & Education | West Bengal | |
1975 | Raja Ramanna (1925β2004) |
Science & Engineering | Karnataka | |
1975 | Homi Nusserwanji Sethna (1923β2010) |
Civil Service | Maharashtra | |
1975 | ![]() |
M. S. Subbulakshmi (1916β2004) |
Arts | Tamil Nadu |
1975 | Premlila Vithaldas Thackersey (1894β1977) |
Literature & Education | Maharashtra | |
1976 | ![]() |
Salim Ali (1896β1987) |
Science & Engineering | Uttar Pradesh |
1976 | ![]() |
Gurmukh Singh Musafir (1899β1976) |
Literature & Education | Punjab |
1976 | ![]() |
K. Shankar Pillai (1899β1976) |
Arts | Delhi |
1976 | ![]() |
K. R. Ramanathan (1893β1984) |
Science & Engineering | Kerala |
1976 | ![]() |
Satyajit Ray (1921β1992) |
Arts | West Bengal |
1976 | ![]() |
Kalu Lal Shrimali (1909β2000) |
Literature & Education | Uttar Pradesh |
1976 | Bashir Hussain Zaidi (1898β1992) |
Literature & Education | Delhi | |
1977 | ![]() |
T. Balasaraswati (1918β1984) |
Arts | Tamil Nadu |
1977 | ![]() |
Ali Yavar Jung# (1906β1976) |
Public Affairs | Andhra Pradesh |
1977 | Ajudhia Nath Khosla (1892β1984) |
Civil Service | Delhi | |
1977 | ![]() |
Air Chief Marshal Om Prakash Mehra PVSM (1919β2015) |
Civil Service | Punjab |
1977 | ![]() |
Ajoy Kumar Mukherjee (1901β1986) |
Public Affairs | West Bengal |
1977 | ![]() |
Chandeshwar Prasad Narayan Singh (1901β1994) |
Literature & Education | Delhi |
1978 | Awards suspended | |||
1979 | ||||
1980 | ![]() |
Bismillah Khan (1916β2006) |
Arts | Uttar Pradesh |
1980 | Rai Krishnadasa | Civil Service | Uttar Pradesh | |
1981 | Satish Dhawan (1920β2002) |
Science & Engineering | Karnataka | |
1981 | ![]() |
Ravi Shankar (1920β2012) |
Arts | Uttar Pradesh |
1982 | ![]() |
Mirabehn (1892β1982) |
Social Work | United Kingdom |
1983 | No awards | |||
1984 | ||||
1985 | C. N. R. Rao (born 1934) |
Science & Engineering | Karnataka | |
1985 | ![]() |
M. G. K. Menon (1928β2016) |
Civil Service | Kerala |
1986 | ![]() |
Baba Amte (1914β2008) |
Social Work | Maharashtra |
1986 | ![]() |
Birju Maharaj (1938β2022) |
Arts | Delhi |
1986 | Autar Singh Paintal (1925β2004) |
Medicine | Delhi | |
1987 | ![]() |
Kamaladevi Chattopadhyay (1903β1988) |
Social Work | Karnataka |
1987 | ![]() |
Benjamin Peary Pal (1906β1989) |
Science & Technology | Punjab |
1987 | ![]() |
Manmohan Singh (born 1932) |
Civil Service | Delhi |
1987 | ![]() |
General Arun Shridhar Vaidya# PVSM MVC & Bar AVSM ADC (1926β1986) |
Civil Service | Maharashtra |
1988 | ![]() |
Mirza Hameedullah Beg (1913β1988) |
Public Affairs | Delhi |
1988 | ![]() |
Kuvempu (1904β1994) |
Literature & Education | Karnataka |
1988 | ![]() |
Mahadevi Varma# (1907β1987) |
Literature & Education | Uttar Pradesh |
1989 | ![]() |
Uma Shankar Dikshit (1901β1991) |
Public Affairs | Uttar Pradesh |
1989 | ![]() |
Ali Akbar Khan (1922β2009) |
Arts | West Bengal |
1989 | M. S. Swaminathan (1925β2023) |
Science & Technology | Tamil Nadu | |
1990 | V. S. R. Arunachalam (1935β2023) |
Literature & Education | Delhi | |
1990 | ![]() |
Triloki Nath Chaturvedi (1928β2020) |
Civil Service | Karnataka |
1990 | Bhabatosh Datta (1911β1997) |
Literature & Education | West Bengal | |
1990 | ![]() |
Kumar Gandharva (1924β1992) |
Arts | Madhya Pradesh |
1990 | ![]() |
A. P. J. Abdul Kalam (1931β2015) |
Science & Engineering | Tamil Nadu |
1991 | ![]() |
Semmangudi Srinivasa Iyer (1908β2003) |
Arts | Tamil Nadu |
1991 | ![]() |
M. Balamuralikrishna (1930β2016) |
Arts | Tamil Nadu |
1991 | ![]() |
M. F. Husain (1915β2011) |
Arts | Maharashtra |
1991 | Hirendranath Mukherjee (1907β2004) |
Public Affairs | West Bengal | |
1991 | ![]() |
Gulzarilal Nanda (1898β1999) |
Public Affairs | Gujarat |
1991 | ![]() |
I. G. Patel (1924β2005) |
Science & Engineering | Gujarat |
1991 | ![]() |
N. G. Ranga (1900β1995) |
Public Affairs | Andhra Pradesh |
1991 | ![]() |
Khusro Faramurz Rustamji | Civil Service | Maharashtra |
1991 | Rajaram Shastri (1904β1991) |
Literature & Education | Uttar Pradesh | |
1992 | ![]() |
Aruna Asaf Ali (1909β1996) |
Social Work | Delhi |
1992 | Lakshman Shastri Joshi (1901β1994) |
Literature & Education | Maharashtra | |
1992 | ![]() |
Mallikarjun Mansur (1910β1992) |
Arts | Karnataka |
1992 | S. I. Padmavati (1917β2020) |
Medicine | Delhi | |
1992 | ![]() |
Kaloji Narayana Rao (1914β2002) |
Arts | Telangana |
1992 | Ravi Narayana Reddy# (1908β1991) |
Public Affairs | Andhra Pradesh | |
1992 | ![]() |
V. Shantaram# (1901β1990) |
Arts | Maharashtra |
1992 | ![]() |
Govindbhai Shroff (1911β2002) |
Literature & Education | Maharashtra |
1992 | ![]() |
Swaran Singh (1907β1994) |
Public Affairs | Punjab |
1992 | ![]() |
Atal Bihari Vajpayee (1924β2018) |
Public Affairs | Delhi |
1993 | Awards suspended | |||
1994 | ||||
1995 | ||||
1996 | ||||
1997 | ||||
1998 | ![]() |
Usha Mehta (1920β2000) |
Social Work | Maharashtra |
1998 | ![]() |
Nanabhoy Palkhivala (1920β2002) |
Public Affairs | Maharashtra |
1998 | ![]() |
Lakshmi Sahgal (1914β2012) |
Public Affairs | Uttar Pradesh |
1998 | Walter Sisulu* (1912β2003) |
Public Affairs | South Africa | |
1999 | Pandurang Shastri Athavale (1920β2003) |
Social Work | Maharashtra | |
1999 | ![]() |
Rajagopala Chidambaram (born 1936) |
Science & Engineering | Maharashtra |
1999 | ![]() |
Nanaji Deshmukh (1916β2010) |
Social Work | Delhi |
1999 | Sarvepalli Gopal (1923β2002) |
Literature & Education | Tamil Nadu | |
1999 | ![]() |
Satish Gujral (1925β2000) |
Arts | Delhi |
1999 | ![]() |
V. R. Krishna Iyer (1915β2014) |
Public Affairs | Kerala |
1999 | ![]() |
Bhimsen Joshi (1922β2011) |
Arts | Maharashtra |
1999 | Hans Raj Khanna (1912β2008) |
Public Affairs | Delhi | |
1999 | ![]() |
Verghese Kurien (1921β2012) |
Science & Technology | Gujarat |
1999 | ![]() |
Lata Mangeshkar (1929β2022) |
Arts | Maharashtra |
1999 | ![]() |
Braj Kumar Nehru (1909β2001) |
Civil Service | Himachal Pradesh |
1999 | ![]() |
D. K. Pattammal (1919β2009) |
Arts | Tamil Nadu |
1999 | Lallan Prasad Singh# (1912β1998) |
Civil Service | Delhi | |
1999 | ![]() |
Dharma Vira (1906β2000) |
Civil Service | Delhi |
2000 | ![]() |
Sikander Bakht (1918β2004) |
Public Affairs | Delhi |
2000 | ![]() |
Jagdish Bhagwati* (born 1934) |
Literature & Education | United States |
2000 | ![]() |
Hariprasad Chaurasia (born 1938) |
Arts | Maharashtra |
2000 | ![]() |
M. S. Gill (born 1936) |
Civil Service | Delhi |
2000 | ![]() |
Krishnaswamy Kasturirangan (born 1940) |
Science & Engineering | Karnataka |
2000 | K. B. Lall (1917β2005) |
Civil Service | Delhi | |
2000 | ![]() |
Kelucharan Mohapatra (1926β2004) |
Arts | Odisha |
2000 | ![]() |
Jasraj Motiram (1930β2020) |
Arts | Maharashtra |
2000 | M. Narasimham (1927β2021) |
Trade & Industry | Andhra Pradesh | |
2000 | ![]() |
R. K. Narayan (1906β2001) |
Literature & Education | Tamil Nadu |
2000 | Bhairab Dutt Pande (1917β2009) |
Civil Service | Uttar Pradesh | |
2000 | ![]() |
K. N. Raj (1924β2010) |
Literature & Education | Kerala |
2000 | Tarlok Singh | Civil Service | Delhi | |
2001 | ![]() |
John Kenneth Galbraith* (1908β2006) |
Literature & Education | United States |
2001 | ![]() |
Benjamin Gilman* (1922β2016) |
Public Affairs | United States |
2001 | ![]() |
Amjad Ali Khan (born 1945) |
Arts | Delhi |
2001 | ![]() |
Zubin Mehta* (born 1936) |
Arts | United States |
2001 | ![]() |
Hrishikesh Mukherjee (1922β2006) |
Arts | Maharashtra |
2001 | K. Satchidananda Murty (1924β2011) |
Literature & Education | Andhra Pradesh | |
2001 | ![]() |
Chakravarthi V. Narasimhan (1915β2003) |
Civil Service | Tamil Nadu |
2001 | ![]() |
Hosei Norota* (1929β2019) |
Public Affairs | Japan |
2001 | C. R. Rao (1920β2023) |
Science & Engineering | United States | |
2001 | Man Mohan Sharma (born 1937) |
Science & Engineering | Maharashtra | |
2001 | ![]() |
Shivkumar Sharma (1938β2022) |
Arts | Maharashtra |
2002 | ![]() |
Kishori Amonkar (1932β2017) |
Arts | Maharashtra |
2002 | ![]() |
Gangubai Hangal (1913β2009) |
Arts | Karnataka |
2002 | Kishan Maharaj (1923β2008) |
Arts | Uttar Pradesh | |
2002 | ![]() |
C. Rangarajan (born 1932) |
Literature & Education | Tamil Nadu |
2002 | ![]() |
Soli Sorabjee (1930β2021) |
Public Affairs | Delhi |
2003 | ![]() |
Kazi Lhendup Dorjee (1904β2007) |
Public Affairs | West Bengal |
2003 | ![]() |
Sonal Mansingh (born 1944) |
Arts | Delhi |
2003 | Bal Ram Nanda (1917β2010) |
Literature & Education | Delhi | |
2003 | ![]() |
Brihaspati Dev Triguna (1920β2013) |
Medicine | Delhi |
2004 | ![]() |
Jayant Narlikar (born 1938) |
Science & Engineering | Maharashtra |
2004 | ![]() |
Amrita Pritam (1919β2005) |
Literature & Education | Delhi |
2004 | ![]() |
M. N. Venkatachaliah (born 1925) |
Public Affairs | Karnataka |
2005 | Milon K. Banerji (1928β2010) |
Public Affairs | Delhi | |
2005 | ![]() |
Mohan Dharia (1925β2013) |
Social Work | Maharashtra |
2005 | Jyotindra Nath Dixit# (1936β2005) |
Civil Service | Delhi | |
2005 | B. K. Goyal (1935β2018) |
Medicine | Maharashtra | |
2005 | ![]() |
R. K. Laxman (1921β2015) |
Arts | Maharashtra |
2005 | ![]() |
Ram Narayan (born 1927) |
Arts | Maharashtra |
2005 | ![]() |
Karan Singh (born 1931) |
Public Affairs | Delhi |
2005 | ![]() |
M. S. Valiathan (born 1934) |
Medicine | Delhi |
2006 | ![]() |
Norman Borlaug* (1914β2009) |
Science & Engineering | United States |
2006 | ![]() |
Charles Correa (1930β2015) |
Science & Engineering | Maharashtra |
2006 | ![]() |
Nirmala Deshpande (1929β2008) |
Social Work | Delhi |
2006 | ![]() |
Mahasweta Devi (1926β2016) |
Literature & Education | West Bengal |
2006 | ![]() |
Adoor Gopalakrishnan (born 1941) |
Arts | Kerala |
2006 | ![]() |
V. N. Khare (born 1934) |
Public Affairs | Uttar Pradesh |
2006 | C. R. Krishnaswamy Rao (1927β2013) |
Civil Service | Tamil Nadu | |
2006 | Obaid Siddiqi (1932β2013) |
Science & Engineering | Karnataka | |
2006 | Prakash Narain Tandon (born 1928) |
Medicine | Delhi | |
2007 | ![]() |
P. N. Bhagwati (1921β2017) |
Public Affairs | Delhi |
2007 | ![]() |
Naresh Chandra (1934β2017) |
Civil Service | Delhi |
2007 | Raja Chelliah (1922β2009) |
Public Affairs | Tamil Nadu | |
2007 | V. Krishnamurthy (1925β2022) |
Civil Service | Delhi | |
2007 | ![]() |
Fali Sam Nariman (1929β2024) |
Public Affairs | Delhi |
2007 | Raja Rao*# (1908β2006) |
Literature & Education | United States | |
2007 | Balu Sankaran (1926β2012) |
Medicine | Delhi | |
2007 | ![]() |
Khushwant Singh (1915β2014) |
Literature & Education | Delhi |
2007 | ![]() |
E. C. George Sudarshan* (1931β2018) |
Science & Engineering | United States |
2007 | Narinder Nath Vohra (born 1936) |
Civil Service | Haryana | |
2008 | ![]() |
Adarsh Sein Anand (1936β2017) |
Public Affairs | Uttar Pradesh |
2008 | ![]() |
Viswanathan Anand (born 1969) |
Sports | Tamil Nadu |
2008 | ![]() |
Asha Bhosle (born 1933) |
Arts | Maharashtra |
2008 | P. N. Dhar (1919β2012) |
Public Affairs | Delhi | |
2008 | ![]() |
Edmund Hillary*# (1919β2008) |
Sports | New Zealand |
2008 | ![]() |
Lakshmi Mittal* (born 1950) |
Trade & Industry | United Kingdom |
2008 | ![]() |
Pranab Mukherjee (1935β2020) |
Public Affairs | Delhi |
2008 | N. R. Narayana Murthy (born 1946) |
Trade & Industry | Karnataka | |
2008 | Prithvi Raj Singh Oberoi (1929β2023) |
Trade & Industry | Delhi | |
2008 | ![]() |
Rajendra K. Pachauri (1940β2020) |
Science & Engineering | Delhi |
2008 | ![]() |
E. Sreedharan (born 1932) |
Science & Engineering | Delhi |
2008 | ![]() |
Ratan Tata (born 1937) |
Trade & Industry | Maharashtra |
2008 | ![]() |
Sachin Tendulkar (born 1973) |
Sports | Maharashtra |
2009 | ![]() |
Sunderlal Bahuguna (1927β2021) |
Others | Uttarakhand |
2009 | Jasbir Singh Bajaj (1936β2019) |
Medicine | Punjab | |
2009 | ![]() |
D. P. Chattopadhyaya (1933β2022) |
Literature & Education | West Bengal |
2009 | Ashok Sekhar Ganguly (born 1935) |
Trade & Industry | Maharashtra | |
2009 | Nirmala Joshi (1934β2015) |
Social Work | West Bengal | |
2009 | Anil Kakodkar (born 1943) |
Science & Engineering | Maharashtra | |
2009 | Purshotam Lal (born 1954) |
Medicine | Uttar Pradesh | |
2009 | ![]() |
G. Madhavan Nair (born 1943) |
Science & Engineering | Karnataka |
2009 | Govind Narain (1916β2012) |
Public Affairs | Uttar Pradesh | |
2009 | Chandrika Prasad Srivastava (1920β2013) |
Civil Service | Maharashtra | |
2010 | Ebrahim Alkazi (1925β2020) |
Arts | Delhi | |
2010 | ![]() |
Venkatraman Ramakrishnan* (born 1952) |
Science & Technology | United Kingdom |
2010 | ![]() |
Prathap C. Reddy (born 1933) |
Trade & Industry | Andhra Pradesh |
2010 | ![]() |
Y. Venugopal Reddy (born 1941) |
Public Affairs | Andhra Pradesh |
2010 | ![]() |
Zohra Sehgal (1912β2014) |
Arts | Delhi |
2010 | ![]() |
Umayalpuram K. Sivaraman (born 1937) |
Arts | Tamil Nadu |
2011 | ![]() |
Montek Singh Ahluwalia (born 1943) |
Public Affairs | Delhi |
2011 | ![]() |
Vijay Kelkar (born 1942) |
Public Affairs | Maharashtra |
2011 | ![]() |
Akhlaqur Rahman Kidwai (1921β2016) |
Public Affairs | Delhi |
2011 | O. N. V. Kurup (1931β2016) |
Literature & Education | Kerala | |
2011 | ![]() |
Sitakant Mahapatra (born 1937) |
Literature & Education | Odisha |
2011 | ![]() |
Brajesh Mishra (1928β2012) |
Civil Service | Delhi |
2011 | K. Parasaran (born 1927) |
Public Affairs | Delhi | |
2011 | ![]() |
Azim Premji (born 1945) |
Trade & Industry | Karnataka |
2011 | Palle Rama Rao (born 1937) |
Science & Engineering | Andhra Pradesh | |
2011 | ![]() |
Akkineni Nageswara Rao (1923β2014) |
Arts | Andhra Pradesh |
2011 | ![]() |
Kapila Vatsyayan (1928β2020) |
Arts | Delhi |
2011 | ![]() |
Homai Vyarawalla (1913β2012) |
Arts | Gujarat |
2012 | ![]() |
Bhupen Hazarika# (1926β2011) |
Arts | Assam |
2012 | ![]() |
Mario Miranda# (1926β2011)a |
Arts | Goa |
2012 | ![]() |
T. V. Rajeswar (1926β2018) |
Civil Service | Delhi |
2012 | Kantilal Hastimal Sancheti (born 1936) |
Medicine | Maharashtra | |
2012 | ![]() |
K. G. Subramanyan (1924β2016) |
Arts | Gujarat |
2013 | ![]() |
Raghunath Mohapatra (1943β2021) |
Arts | Odisha |
2013 | ![]() |
Roddam Narasimha (1933β2020) |
Science & Technology | Karnataka |
2013 | ![]() |
Yash Pal (1926β2017) |
Science & Technology | Uttar Pradesh |
2013 | ![]() |
S. H. Raza (1922β2016) |
Arts | Delhi |
2014 | ![]() |
B. K. S. Iyengar (1918β2014) |
Others | Maharashtra |
2014 | ![]() |
Raghunath Anant Mashelkar (born 1943) |
Science & Engineering | Maharashtra |
2015 | ![]() |
L. K. Advani (born 1927) |
Public Affairs | Gujarat |
2015 | ![]() |
Amitabh Bachchan (born 1942) |
Arts | Maharashtra |
2015 | ![]() |
Parkash Singh Badal (1927β2023) |
Public Affairs | Punjab |
2015 | Veerendra Heggade (born 1948) |
Social Work | Karnataka | |
2015 | ![]() |
Dilip Kumar (1922β2021) |
Arts | Maharashtra |
2015 | ![]() |
Rambhadracharya (born 1950) |
Literature & Education | Uttar Pradesh |
2015 | ![]() |
M. R. Srinivasan (born 1930) |
Science & Technology | Tamil Nadu |
2015 | ![]() |
Kottayan Katankot Venugopal (born 1931) |
Public Affairs | Delhi |
2015 | ![]() |
Karim Al Hussaini Aga Khan* (born 1936) |
Social Work | United Kingdom/ France |
2016 | ![]() |
V. K. Aatre (born 1939) |
Science & Engineering | Karnataka |
2016 | ![]() |
Dhirubhai Ambani# (1932β2002) |
Trade & Industry | Maharashtra |
2016 | Girija Devi (1929β2017) |
Arts | West Bengal | |
2016 | Avinash Dixit* (born 1944) |
Literature & Education | United States | |
2016 | ![]() |
Jagmohan (1927β2021) |
Public Affairs | Delhi |
2016 | Yamini Krishnamurthy (born 1940) |
Arts | Delhi | |
2016 | ![]() |
Rajinikanth (born 1950) |
Arts | Tamil Nadu |
2016 | ![]() |
Ramoji Rao (1936β2024) |
Literature & Education | Andhra Pradesh |
2016 | ![]() |
Sri Sri Ravi Shankar (born 1956) |
Others | Karnataka |
2016 | ![]() |
V. Shanta (1927β2021) |
Medicine | Tamil Nadu |
2017 | ![]() |
Murli Manohar Joshi (born 1934) |
Public Affairs | Uttar Pradesh |
2017 | Sunder Lal Patwa# (1924β2016) |
Public Affairs | Madhya Pradesh | |
2017 | ![]() |
Sharad Pawar (born 1940) |
Public Affairs | Maharashtra |
2017 | ![]() |
Udupi Ramachandra Rao (1932β2017) |
Science & Engineering | Karnataka |
2017 | ![]() |
P. A. Sangma (1947β2016) |
Public Affairs | Meghalaya |
2017 | ![]() |
Jaggi Vasudev (born 1957) |
Others | Tamil Nadu |
2017 | K. J. Yesudas (born 1940) |
Arts | Kerala | |
2018 | ![]() |
Ilaiyaraaja (born 1943) |
Arts | Tamil Nadu |
2018 | ![]() |
Ghulam Mustafa Khan (1931β2021) |
Arts | Maharashtra |
2018 | P. Parameswaran (1927β2020) |
Literature & Education | Kerala | |
2019 | ![]() |
Teejan Bai (born 1956) |
Arts | Chhattisgarh |
2019 | ![]() |
IsmaΓ―l Omar Guelleh* (born 1946) |
Public Affairs | Djibouti |
2019 | ![]() |
Anil Manibhai Naik (born 1942) |
Trade & Industry | Maharashtra |
2019 | ![]() |
Balwant Moreshwar Purandare (1922β2021) |
Arts | Maharashtra |
2020 | ![]() |
George Fernandes# (1930β2019) |
Public Affairs | Bihar |
2020 | ![]() |
Arun Jaitley# (1952β2019) |
Public Affairs | Delhi |
2020 | ![]() |
Anerood Jugnauth* (1930β2021) |
Public Affairs | Mauritius |
2020 | ![]() |
M. C. Mary Kom (born 1982) |
Sports | Manipur |
2020 | ![]() |
Chhannulal Mishra (born 1936) |
Arts | Uttar Pradesh |
2020 | ![]() |
Sushma Swaraj# (1952β2019) |
Public Affairs | Delhi |
2020 | ![]() |
Vishwesha Teertha# (1931β2019) |
Others | Karnataka |
2021 | ![]() |
Shinzo Abe* (1954β2022) |
Public Affairs | Japan |
2021 | ![]() |
S. P. Balasubrahmanyam# (1946β2020) |
Arts | Tamil Nadu |
2021 | Belle Monappa Hegde (born 1938) |
Medicine | Karnataka | |
2021 | Narinder Singh Kapany*# (1926β2020) |
Science & Engineering | United States | |
2021 | ![]() |
Wahiduddin Khan (1925β2021) |
Others | Delhi |
2021 | ![]() |
B. B. Lal (1921β2022) |
Others | Delhi |
2021 | ![]() |
Sudarshan Sahoo (born 1939) |
Arts | Odisha |
2022 | ![]() |
Prabha Atre (1932β2024) |
Arts | Maharashtra |
2022 | Radheshyam Khemka# (1935β2021) |
Literature & Education | Uttar Pradesh | |
2022 | ![]() |
General Bipin Rawat# PVSM UYSM AVSM YSM SM VSM ADC (1958β2021) |
Civil Service | Uttarakhand |
2022 | ![]() |
Kalyan Singh# (1932β2021) |
Public Affairs | Uttar Pradesh |
2023 | Balkrishna Vithaldas Doshi# (1927β2023) |
Others | Gujarat | |
2023 | ![]() |
Zakir Hussain (born 1951) |
Arts | Maharashtra |
2023 | ![]() |
S. M. Krishna (born 1932) |
Public Affairs | Karnataka |
2023 | Dilip Mahalanabis# (1934β2022) |
Medicine | West Bengal | |
2023 | S. R. Srinivasa Varadhan* (born 1940) |
Science & Engineering | United States | |
2023 | ![]() |
Mulayam Singh Yadav# (1939β2022) |
Public Affairs | Uttar Pradesh |
2024 | ![]() |
Vyjayanthimala (born 1933) |
Arts | Tamil Nadu |
2024 | ![]() |
Chiranjeevi (born 1955) |
Arts | Andhra Pradesh |
2024 | ![]() |
Venkaiah Naidu (born 1949) |
Public Affairs | Andhra Pradesh |
2024 | ![]() |
Bindeshwar Pathak# (1943β2023) |
Social Work | Bihar |
2024 | ![]() |
Padma Subrahmanyam (born 1943) |
Arts | Tamil Nadu |
Explanatory notesβ»
- ^ Per Article 18 (1) of the Constitution of India: Abolition of titles, "no title, not being military or academic distinction, shall be, conferred by the State".
- ^ P. N. Haksar was offered the award in 1973 for, among other services, his crucial diplomatic role in brokering the Indo-Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation and the Shimla Agreement, but declined as "Accepting an award for work done somehow causes an inexplicable discomfort to me."
- ^ Vilayat Khan refused Padma Shri (1964), Padma Bhushan (1968), and Padma Vibhushan (2000) and stated that "the selection committees were incompetent to judge β» music".
- ^ E. M. S. Namboodiripad, the General Secretary of the Communist Party of India (of the Communist Party of India (Marxist) from 1964) and the first Chief Minister of Kerala (1957-59, 1967-69), declined the award in 1992, as it went against his nature to accept a state honour.
- ^ Swami Ranganathananda declined the award in 2000 as it was conferred to him as an individual and not to the Ramakrishna Mission.
- ^ Lakshmi Chand Jain died on 14 November 2010, at the age of 84. His family refused to accept the posthumous honour as Jain was against accepting state honours.
- ^ Sharad Anantrao Joshi's family refused to accept the posthumous honour as Joshi's work for good of farmers is not reflected in the Government policies for them.
- ^ In 1991, Baba Amte returned the award, along with the Padma Shri conferred in 1971, to protest against the treatment given to the tribals during the construction of Sardar Sarovar Dam.
- ^ In 2020, Parkash Singh Badal returned the award in solidarity with the farmers protest.
- Posthumous recipients
- ^ Suranjan Das died on 10 January 1970, at the age of 49.
- ^ Ghulam Mohammed Sadiq died on 12 December 1971, at the age of 59.
- ^ Vikram Sarabhai died on 30 December 1971, at the age of 52.
- ^ Ali Yavar Jung died on 11 December 1976, at the age of 70.
- ^ Arun Shridhar Vaidya was assassinated by Sikh extremists on 10 August 1986.
- ^ Mahadevi Varma died on 11 September 1987, at the age of 80.
- ^ Ravi Narayana Reddy died on 9 September 1991, at the age of 83.
- ^ V. Shantaram died on 30 October 1990, at the age of 88.
- ^ Lallan Prasad Singh died on 9 November 1998, at the age of 86.
- ^ Jyotindra Nath Dixit died on 3 January 2005, at the age of 68.
- ^ Raja Rao died on 8 July 2006, at the age of 97.
- ^ Edmund Hillary died on 11 January 2008, at the age of 88.
- ^ Bhupen Hazarika died on 5 November 2011, at the age of 85.
- ^ Mario Miranda died on 11 December 2011, at the age of 85.
- ^ Dhirubhai Ambani died on 6 July 2002, at the age of 69.
- ^ Sunder Lal Patwa died on 28 December 2016, at the age of 92.
- ^ P. A. Sangma died on 4 March 2016, at the age of 68.
- ^ George Fernandes died on 29 January 2019, at the age of 88.
- ^ Arun Jaitley died on 24 August 2019, at the age of 66.
- ^ Sushma Swaraj died on 6 August 2019, at the age of 67.
- ^ Vishwesha Teertha died on 29 December 2019, at the age of 88.
- ^ S. P. Balasubrahmanyam died on 25 September 2020, at the age of 74.
- ^ Narinder Singh Kapany died on 4 December 2020, at the age of 94.
- ^ Radheshyam Khemka died on 4 April 2021, at the age of 86.
- ^ General Bipin Rawat died on 8 December 2021, at the age of 63.
- ^ Kalyan Singh died on 21 August 2021, at the age of 89.
- ^ Balakrishna Doshi died on 24 January 2023, at the age of 95.
- ^ Dilip Mahalanabis died on 16 October 2022, at the age of 87.
- ^ Mulayam Singh Yadav died on 10 October 2022, at the age of 82.
- ^ Bindeshwar Pathak died on 15 August 2023, at the age of 80.
Referencesβ»
- ^ Lal, Shavax A. (1954). "The Gazette of IndiaβExtraordinaryβPart I" (PDF). The Gazette of India. The President's Secretariat (published 2 January 1954): 2. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 May 2014. Retrieved 26 September 2015.
The President is pleased to institute an award to be designated "Padma Vibhushan" in three classes, namely: "Pahela Varg", "Dusra Varg" and "Tisra Varg"
- ^ "Padma Awards Scheme" (PDF). Ministry of Home Affairs (India). Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 February 2018. Retrieved 28 September 2015.
- ^ Ayyar, N. M. (1955). "The Gazette of IndiaβExtraordinaryβPart I" (PDF). The Gazette of India. The President's Secretariat (published 15 January 1955): 8. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 May 2014. Retrieved 26 September 2015.
All persons upon whom the decoration of Padma Vibhushan (Pahela Varg) was conferred under the Regulations issued with Notification No. 2-Pres./54, dated the 2nd January, 1954, shall, for all purposes of these regulations, be deemed to be persons on whom the decoration of Padma Vibhushan has been conferred by the President.
- ^ "Bharat Ratna Scheme" (PDF). Ministry of Home Affairs (India). Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 February 2018. Retrieved 8 May 2014.
- ^ Hoiberg & Ramchandani 2000, p. 96.
- ^ Bhattacherje 2009, p. A248.
- ^ Edgar 2011, p. C-105.
- ^ Bhattacherje 2009, p. A253.
- ^ "The Constitution of India" (PDF). Ministry of Law and Justice (India). p. 36. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 September 2014. Retrieved 19 May 2014.
- ^ "Balaji Raghavan S. P. Anand Vs. Union of India: Transfer Case (civil) 9 of 1994". Supreme Court of India. 4 August 1997. Archived from the original on 19 May 2014. Retrieved 14 May 2014.
- ^ "Wearing of Medals: Precedence Of Medals". Indian Army. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 22 November 2015.
- ^ "Padma Awards: Year wise list of recipients (1954β2014)" (PDF). Ministry of Home Affairs (India). 21 May 2014. pp. 1, 3β6, 9, 11, 14, 17, 19β20, 23, 25, 29, 32β33, 37, 42, 48, 55, 59, 63, 66, 69β70, 72, 74, 83, 86, 88, 90β93, 95, 99β100, 105β106, 112, 114β115, 117β118, 121, 126, 131, 135, 139β140, 144, 149, 154β155, 160, 166, 172, 178, 183, 188. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 November 2014. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
- "Padma Awards: 2015" (PDF). Ministry of Home Affairs (India). 25 January 2015. p. 1. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 February 2018. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
- "Padma Awards: 2016" (PDF). Ministry of Home Affairs (India). 25 January 2016. p. 1. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 February 2018. Retrieved 25 January 2016.
- "Padma Awards: 2017" (PDF). Ministry of Home Affairs (India). 25 January 2017. p. 1. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 February 2018. Retrieved 25 January 2017.
- "Padma Awards: 2018" (PDF). Ministry of Home Affairs (India). 25 January 2018. p. 1. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 February 2018. Retrieved 25 January 2018.
- "Padma Awards: 2019" (PDF). Ministry of Home Affairs (India). 25 January 2019. p. 1. Archived (PDF) from the original on 25 January 2019. Retrieved 25 January 2019.
- "Padma Awards: 2020" (PDF). Ministry of Home Affairs (India). 25 January 2020. p. 1. Archived (PDF) from the original on 22 May 2020. Retrieved 25 January 2020.
- "Padma Awards: 2021" (PDF). Ministry of Home Affairs (India). 25 January 2021. pp. 1β2. Archived (PDF) from the original on 24 January 2023. Retrieved 25 January 2021.
- "Padma Awards: 2022" (PDF). Ministry of Home Affairs (India). 25 January 2022. pp. 1β2. Archived (PDF) from the original on 5 December 2022. Retrieved 5 December 2022.
- "Padma Awards: 2023" (PDF). Ministry of Home Affairs (India). 25 January 2023. p. 1. Archived (PDF) from the original on 25 January 2023. Retrieved 25 January 2023.
- ^ "Haksar and the Padma Vibhushan". The Hindu. 13 January 2017. Archived from the original on 12 November 2020. Retrieved 10 May 2018.
- ^ Kaminsky, Arnold P.; Long, Roger D. (2011). India Today: An Encyclopedia of Life in the Republic. ABC-CLIO. p. 411. ISBN 978-0-313-37462-3.
- "Those who said no to top awards". The Times of India. 20 January 2008. Archived from the original on 24 November 2013. Retrieved 14 May 2014.
- ^ Venkatesan, V. (5 February 2000). "Spotlight: Republic Day honours". Frontline. Archived from the original on 28 February 2018. Retrieved 21 November 2015.
- ^ Guha, Ramachandra (2001). An Anthropologist Among the Marxists and Other Essays. Permanent Black. p. 211. ISBN 81-7824-001-7.
- ^ "Ranganathananda, kept alive spirit of Vivekananda's legacy". The Hindu. 31 May 2005. Archived from the original on 28 February 2018. Retrieved 21 November 2015.
- ^ Pawar, Yogesh (15 November 2010). "Gandhian activist who revitalised Indian handicraft dies at 85". Daily News Analysis. Archived from the original on 7 September 2017. Retrieved 10 April 2016.
- ^ "Gandhian's family declines Padma Vibhushan". Mumbai Mirror. The Times of India. 25 March 2011. Archived from the original on 19 September 2017. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
- ^ Chavan, Vijay (26 January 2016). "Sharad Joshi's family refuses Padma award". Pune Mirror. The Times of India. Archived from the original on 20 February 2017. Retrieved 19 February 2017.
- ^ Kumar, A. Prasanna (1983). "The Privilege of Knowing M. C.". Triveni: Journal of Indian Renaissance. Vol. 52. Triveni Publishers.
- ^ D'Monte, Darryl (2011). Dharker, Anil (ed.). Icons: Men and Women Who Shaped India's Today. Roli Books Private Limited. p. 52. ISBN 978-81-7436-944-4.
- Deshpande, Neeta (11 February 2008). "The Good Life". Outlook. Archived from the original on 20 November 2015. Retrieved 20 November 2015.
- ^ "Prakash Singh Badal and Sukhdev Singh Dhindsa returned their padma award". The Tribune. 3 December 2020. Archived from the original on 11 December 2020. Retrieved 4 December 2020.
- ^ "Ghulam Mohammed Sadiq, 59, Kashmir Chief Minister, Dies". The New York Times. New Delhi. 12 December 1971. Archived from the original on 3 April 2018. Retrieved 19 February 2017.
- ^ Mahanti, Subodh. "Vikram Sarabhai: A Visionary of Indian Space Programme". Vigyan Prasar Science Portal. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 4 April 2016.
- ^ "General A.S. Vaidya; 1926-1986". India Today. 4 June 2009. Archived from the original on 26 July 2019. Retrieved 26 July 2019.
- ^ "ULFA leader Anup Chetia sentenced to six years and nine months in jail by a Dhaka court". India Today. 9 November 1998. Archived from the original on 24 April 2016. Retrieved 11 April 2016.
- ^ Singh, Kuldip (5 January 2005). "Obituaries: J. N. Dixit: Hawkish diplomat and India's first full-time National Security Adviser". Independent. Archived from the original on 20 December 2016. Retrieved 13 December 2016.
- ^ Alterno, Letizia (17 July 2006). "Obituaries: Raja Rao". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 6 March 2016. Retrieved 10 April 2016.
- ^ McKenzie-Minifie, Martha (11 January 2008). "State funeral for Sir Edmund Hillary". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 29 September 2011.
- ^ "Celebrated Indian singer Bhupen Hazarika dies". BBC News Asia. 5 November 2011. Archived from the original on 30 December 2011. Retrieved 22 May 2014.
- ^ "Cartoonist Mario Miranda passes away at 85". Daily News Analysis. Panaji. 11 December 2011. Archived from the original on 29 January 2018. Retrieved 10 April 2016.
- ^ "Indian business giant dies". BBC News World Edition. BBC. 7 July 2002. Archived from the original on 22 March 2016. Retrieved 10 April 2016.
- ^ "Sunder Lal Patwa, former Madhya Pardesh CM, dies at 92". The Indian Express. New Delhi. 28 December 2016. Archived from the original on 30 December 2016. Retrieved 25 January 2017.
- ^ "PA Sangma dead at 68; Lok Sabha adjourned in respect for former Speaker". The Indian Express. New Delhi. 4 March 2016. Archived from the original on 29 January 2017. Retrieved 25 January 2017.
- ^ Prabhu, Sunil (29 January 2019). Ghosh, Deepshikha (ed.). "George Fernandes, Former Defence Minister, Dies At 88 After Long Illness". New Delhi: NDTV. Archived from the original on 9 February 2019. Retrieved 29 January 2019.
- ^ "Arun Jaitley passes away at 66". India Today Group. Archived from the original on 24 August 2019. Retrieved 24 August 2019.
- ^ "Sushma Swaraj funeral; latest updates: Ex-minister cremated with State honours in Delhi as top NDA leaders bid farewell". Firstpost. 7 August 2019. Archived from the original on 7 August 2019. Retrieved 7 August 2019.
- ^ "Padma Vibhushan honour for Pejawar seer's visionary work". The Times of India. 26 January 2020. Archived from the original on 27 January 2020. Retrieved 26 January 2020.
- ^ "Gita Press chairman Radheshyam Khemka dies, PM pays tribute". The Times of India. 5 August 2021. Archived from the original on 27 January 2022. Retrieved 10 February 2022.
- ^ "Former Uttar Pradesh chief minister Kalyan Singh dies at 89". The Hindustan Times. Archived from the original on 21 August 2021. Retrieved 10 February 2022.
- ^ "Balkrishna Doshi, Modernist Indian Architect, Is Dead at 95". New York Times. Archived from the original on 26 January 2023. Retrieved 26 January 2023.
- ^ "Dr Dilip Mahalanabis, Pioneer Of Oral Rehydration Therapy, Dies In Kolkata". NDTV. Archived from the original on 27 October 2022. Retrieved 26 January 2023.
- ^ "Updates: Mulayam Singh Yadav Dies At 82, Political Leaders Pay Tributes". NDTV. Archived from the original on 26 October 2022. Retrieved 26 January 2023.
Bibliographyβ»
- Bhattacherje, S. B. (2009). Encyclopaedia of Indian Events & Dates. Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd. ISBN 978-81-207-4074-7.
- Edgar, Thorpe (2011). The Pearson General Knowledge Manual 2011. Pearson Education India. ISBN 978-81-317-5640-9.
- Hoiberg, Dale; Ramchandani, Indu (2000). Students' Britannica India. Vol. 1β5. Popular Prakashan. ISBN 978-81-7156-112-4.
External linksβ»
- Official website
- "Awards & Medals". Ministry of Home Affairs (India). 14 September 2015. Archived from the original on 24 April 2018. Retrieved 22 October 2015.