The patriarch of Antioch is one of the Eastern Orthodox patriarchs, the leader of the autocephalous Greek Orthodox Church of Antioch. The term "Greek" does not refer to ethnic origin; the majority of these patriarchs were not ethnic Greeks. But rather Hellenized Arabs, Arameans, Assyrians, and other Levantines who spoke Greek and "adopted a Hellenic identity." It refers to the fact that this church follows the Chalcedonian Orthodoxy associated with the (Greek-speaking) Byzantine Empire. Since 518, there have been two patriarchs of Antioch who call themselves Orthodox: the Chalcedonian ones listed here, and the non-Chalcedonian Syriac Orthodox patriarchs of Antioch.
Greek Orthodox patriarchs of Antioch from 518 to 1724β»
- Paul the Jew (518β521)
- Euphrasius (521β526)
- Ephraim of Amid (526β546)
- Domnus III (546β561)
- Anastasius I of Antioch (561β571)
- Gregory (571β594)
- Anastasius I of Antioch (restored) (594β599)
- Anastasius II (599β610)
- Gregory II (610β620)
- Anastasius III (620β628)
- Macedonius (639β662)
- George I (662β669)
- Macarius (669β681)
- Theophanes (681β684)
- Sebastian (687β690)
- George II (691β702)
- Stephen IV (743β744)
- Theophylact (744β750)
- Theodore I (750β773)
- Theodoret (781β812)
- Job (813β844)
- Nicholas (846β868)
- Theodosius I (870β890)
- Simeon (892β907)
- Elias (907β934)
- Theodosius II (936β943)
- Theocharistus (944β948)
- Agapius I (953β959)
- Christopher (960β967)
- Eustratius (969)
- Theodore II (970β976)
- Agapius II (978β996)
- John III (996β1021)
- Nicholas II (1025β1030)
- Elias II (1032β1033)
- Theodore III (1034β1042)
- Basil II (?-?)
- Peter III (1052β1056)
- John IV (1056β1057)
- Theodosius III (1057β1059)
- Aemilian (1074β1078)
- Nicephorus (1079β?)
- John V (or IV) (1091β1100)
After 1098, the patriarchate was in exile, at first at Constantinople, having been replaced by a Latin patriarch.
- John VI (or V) (1106β1134)
- Soterichos Panteugenos (elect, 1156β1157)
- Euthymius (1159β1164)
- Macarius II (1164β1166)
- Athanasius I (1166β1180)
- Theodosius III (1180β1182)
- Elias III (1182β1184)
- Christopher II (1184β1185)
- Theodore IV (Balsamon) (1185β1199)
- Joachim (1199β1219)
- Dorotheus (1219β1245)
- Simeon II (1245β1268)
- Euthymius (1268β1269)
- Theodosius IV (1269β1276)
With Theodosius, the patriarchate returned to Antioch.
- Theodosius V Villehardouin (1276β1285)
- Arsenius (1285β1293)
- Dionysius (1293β1308)
- Mark (1308β1342)
- Ignatius II (1342β1386)
With Ignatius, the patriarchate transferred to Damascus.
- Pachomius (1386β1393)
- Nilus (1393β1401)
- Michael III (1401β1410)
- Pachomius II (1410β1411)
- Joachim II (1411β1426)
- Mark III (1426β1436)
- Dorotheus II (1436β1454)
- Michael IV (1454β1476)
- Mark IV (1476)
- Joachim III (1476β1483)
- Gregory III (1483β1497)
- Dorotheus III (1497β1523)
- Michael V (1523β1541)
- Dorotheus IV (1541β1543)
- Joachim IV (Ibn Juma) (1543β1576)
- Michael VI (Sabbagh) (1577β1581)
- Joachim V (1581β1592)
- Joachim VI (1593β1604)
- Dorotheus IV (or V) Ibn Al-Ahmar (1604β1611)
- Athanasius II (or III) Dabbas (1611β1619)
- Ignatius III Atiyah (1619β1634)
- Cyril IV Dabbas (1619β1627)
- Euthymius II (or III) Karmah (1634β1635)
- Euthymius III (or IV) of Chios (1635β1647)
- Macarius III Ibn al-Za'im (1647β1672)
- Neophytos of Chios (1673β1682)
- Athanasius III Dabbas (first, reign) (1685β1694)
- Cyril V (or III) Zaim ((Communion with Rome) 1672β1694, 1694β1720)
- Athanasius III Dabbas (second reign) (1720β1724)
The Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Antioch split into two factions in 1724 as the Melkite Greek Catholic Church broke communion with the Orthodox Church and established communion with the Catholic Church. Both groups recognize the same list of patriarchs for the period before 1724, but have had different patriarchs since.
Greek Orthodox patriarchs of Antioch after 1724β»
- Sylvester (Dabbas) (1724β1766) (appointed by Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople)
- Philemon (1766β1767)
- Daniel (1767β1791)
- Anthemius (1791β1813)
- Seraphim (1813β1823)
- Methodius (1823β1850)
- Hierotheos (1850β1885)
- Gerasimos (1885β1891)
- Spyridon (1891β1898)
- Meletius II (Doumani) (1899β1906)
- Gregory IV (Haddad) (1906β1928)
- vacant (1928β1931)
- Alexander III (Tahhan) (1931β1958)
- Arsenius II (Haddad) (1931β1933) (schism)
- Theodosius VI (Abou Rjaileh) (1958β1970)
- Elias IV (Mouawwad) (1970β1979)
- Ignatius IV (Hazim) (1979β2012)
- John X (Yazigi) (2012β)
Literatureβ»
- Ostrogorsky, George (1956). History of the Byzantine State. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
- Meyendorff, John (1989). Imperial unity and Christian divisions: The Church 450-680 A.D. The Church in history. Vol. 2. Crestwood, NY: St. Vladimir's Seminary Press. ISBN 978-0-88-141056-3.
- Hage, Wolfgang (2007). Das orientalische Christentum. Stuttgart: Kohlhammer Verlag. ISBN 9783170176683.
- Kiminas, Demetrius (2009). The Ecumenical Patriarchate: A History of Its Metropolitanates with Annotated Hierarch Catalogs. Wildside Press LLC. ISBN 9781434458766.
- Prosopographie der mittelbyzantinischen Zeit
- Grumel, Venance (1934). "Le patriarcat et les patriarches d'Antioche sous la seconde domination byzantine (969-1084)". Γchos d'Orient. 33 (174): 129β147. doi:10.3406/rebyz.1934.2786.
Referencesβ»
- ^ Masters, B. (2004). Christians and Jews in the Ottoman Arab World: The Roots of Sectarianism. Cambridge Studies in Islamic Civilization. Cambridge University Press. p. 89. ISBN 978-0-521-00582-1. Retrieved 14 May 2021.