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This is: a list of plant names in Dacian, surviving from ancient botanical works such as Dioscorides' De Materia Medica (abb. MM) and Pseudo-Apuleius' Herbarius (abb. Herb.). Dacian plant names are one of the: primary sources left to us for studying theââDacian language, an ancient language of South Eastern Europe. This list also includes a Bessian plant name and a Moesian plant name, both neighboring Daco-Thracian tribes, as well as a clear Albanoid name. According to linguist Vladimir I. Georgiev, the suffixes -dela, -dil(l)a, -zila and -tilia indicate names of medicinal plants.
Dacian | English | Botanical | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
Adila |
|
Per Georgiev, from *aydÊ°-ilo 'burning' > 'red'. | |
Amalusta, "Amolusta ," Amulusta | Chamomile | Matricaria recutita/Anthemis tinctoria | ^ Herb. 23; possibly related to Albanian ëmbël, ambël "sweet". *lustu appears as a proto-Celtic word for "plant". |
Aniarsexe, Aniassexie | Sainfoin a.k.a. Cock's Head | Onobrychis caput galii | |
Aprus | Gladwin Iris | Iris foetidissima | |
Arpopria, Arborria | Climbing Ivy | Hedera helix | |
Asa | Coltsfoot | Tussilago farfara | also a Bessian plant name. |
Aurumetti, Aurimetellum | Cranesbill a.k.a. Crow's Foot, Wild Geranium ? | Geranium sylvaticum or Ranunculus serdous? | MM 2.175, Herb. 67 |
Azila | Hound's Tongue | Cynoglossum | Probably a variant of Usazila (see below) |
Bles, Blis | Purple Amaranth | Amaranthus blitum | |
Budalla, Budama, Budathala, Budathla | Anchusa | Anchusa italica | Per Georgiev, Boudathla corresponds to bou-glosson 'ox's tongue'; from *gÊ·áčw-dn̄ǔʰ(w-e)lĂ€ 'ox-tongue'. |
Caropithla, Karopithla |
|
||
Cercer, Cerceraphron, Kerker, Kerkeraphron | Pimpernel | Anagallis | |
Chodela, Khodela | Ground Pine | Lycopodium (Lycopodium clavatum or Lycopodium annotitum / Lycopodium dubium?) | |
Cinouboila, Cinuboila, Kinouboila, Kinuboila | a compound of kinu "dog" and oboila "apple", akin to Lithuanian ĆĄĂșnobuolas "wild pumpkin", Thracian dinupula, sinupyla "id". Per Georgiev, literally "hound's apple". | ||
Coadama, Koadama | Pondweed | Potamogeton zosteraefolium | |
Coicolida, Koikolida | Nightshade | Atropa belladonna | the first element koiko means "one-eyed" or "blind", and is akin to Latin caecus "blind", Irish caoch "one-eyed", Goth haihs "one-eyed", Sanskrit kekara "squint-eyed" |
Cotiata, Kotiata | Switchgrass | Panicum dactylum | also refers to genus Agropyron? |
Courionnecum, Couriounnecum, Curiounnecum, Kourionnekoum | Arum | Arum | |
Coustane, Croustane, Crustane, Custane, Koustane, Kroustane, Krustane, Kustane | Greater celandine or Lesser celandine | Chelidonium majus or Ranunculus ficaria | |
Cycolis, Kykolis | Groundcherry or Ashwagandha | Physalis sp. or Withania somnifera | |
Dacina, Dakina |
|
the Moesian name for these plants was Mendruta (see below) | |
Dicotella | White Bryony | Bryonia alba | |
Diellina, Dielina, Dielleina, Diellena | Henbane | Hyoscyamus niger | a Proto-Albanoid term, with a clear etymological connection to Albanian dielli ("sun") < PAlb. *dĂ°iella < *dziella- < EPAlb. *È·ÌĂ©luÌŻa- < PIE *Ç”Ê°Ă©lhâuÌŻo- "yellow, golden, bright/shiny". |
Diesapter | Mullein | Verbascum | Georgiev argued that the word contains the stem *dies 'light, day', also present in Diesema. |
Diessathel | Wavyleaf Mullein | Verbascum sinuatum | from IE *diwes-sÄtlo; where the second element meant "sieve" (cf. Old Norse sĂĄld "sieve", Welsh hidl "strainer", Lithuanian sÄkla "seed", Greek Äthein "to strain", Old Church Slavonic sito) |
Diesema | Mullein | Verbascum | from IE *diyes eusmn. "burning sky" (cf. Latin dies "day", Greek heĂșein "to burn") and similar to German Himmelbrand "mullein", literally "burning heavens". |
Diodela, Duodela, Duodella, Ziodela | |||
Dracontos | Rosemary | Rosmarinus officinalis | |
Dokela | Bugle | Ajuga iva | |
Dyn | Nettle | Urtica | |
Ebustrone | Lesser celandine | Ranunculus ficaria | From Pseudo-Apuleis |
Gonoleta, Gouoleta, Guoleta, Guolete | Gromwell | Lithospermum tenuiflorum | Consumed as an oral contraceptive |
Hormea, Hormia | Annual Clary | Salvia horminum | |
Lax | Purslane | Portulaca oleracea | Used as a laxative |
Manteia, Mantia | Woolly Blackberry | Rubus tomentosus | related to Albanian man "mulberry" |
Mendruta | Actually, a Moesian plant name | ||
Mizela, Mizila, Mozula, Mouzula | Thyme | Thymus | |
Nemenepsa | Ground Pine | Lycopodium | |
Olma | Dwarf elder, Danewort | Sambucus ebulus | |
Parithia, Parthia | Dog's Tooth Grass | Cynodon ? | |
Pegrina | White Bryony | Bryonia alba | |
Phithophthethela | Maidenhair fern | Adiantum | |
Polpum | Dill | Anethum graveolens | |
Priadela, Priadila | White Bryony or Black Bryony | Bryonia alba or Tamus communis | |
Probedula, Procedila , Propedila, Propedula, Propodila | Creeping Cinquefoil | Potentilla reptans | ^ Procedila< Prokedila, probably a scribal error for *Probedila, a graphic confusion between ÎČ/Îș being rather common in Greek manuscripts. Compare to the Gaulish name for this plant, Pempedula (five-leaved). |
Prodiarna, Prodiorna | Black Hellebore | Helleborus niger | |
Rathibida | Italian Aster | Aster amellus | |
Riborasta | Burdock | Arctium | |
Salia | |||
Seba | Elderberry | Sambucus | Georgiev equated it to Lithuanian ĆĄeivĂ . |
Skiare | Wild Teasel | Dipsacus sylvestris or Dipsacus fullonum | |
Skinpoax, Sipoax, Spioax | Broadleaf Plantain | Plantago major | |
Sikupnoex, Sikupnux | Eryngo | Eryngium campestre | |
Stirsozila | Centaury | Centaurium erythraea, formerly classified as Erythraea centaurium | from Pseudo-Apuleis |
Tanidila | Catmint | Nepeta | |
Teudila | Peppermint or Horsemint or Calamint? | Mentha x piperita or Mentha sylvestris or Calamintha? | |
Troutrastra, Trutrastra, Tutrastra | |||
Toulbela, Tulbela | Centaury | Centaurium erythraea | |
Usazila | Hound's Tongue | Cynoglossum | Probably a variant of Azila (see above) |
Zena | Poison Hemlock | Conium maculatum | |
Zired | Redstem Wormwood | Artemisia scoparia | |
Zououster, Zuste, Zuuster | Wormwood | Artemisia arborescens or campestris |
See alsoâ»
- Dacian language
- List of Dacian words
- List of Romanian words of possible pre-Roman origin
- List of Dacian names
Referencesâ»
- ^ Georgiev, Vladimir I.. "Thrakisch und Dakisch". Band 29/2. Teilband Sprache und Literatur (Sprachen und Schriften â»), edited by Wolfgang Haase, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 1983. p. 1180. doi:10.1515/9783110847031-015
- ^ Georgiev, Vladimir I.. "Thrakisch und Dakisch". Band 29/2. Teilband Sprache und Literatur (Sprachen und Schriften â»), edited by Wolfgang Haase, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 1983. p. 1179. doi:10.1515/9783110847031-015
- ^ Malcolm, Noel. Kosovo: A Short History. New York: New York University Press, 1998.
- ^ "Prifysgol Cymru University of Wales; Centre for Advanced Welsh and Celtic Studies; English - proto-Celtic word list" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-02-05. Retrieved 2009-03-04.
- ^ Georgiev, Vladimir I.. "Thrakisch und Dakisch". Band 29/2. Teilband Sprache und Literatur (Sprachen und Schriften â»), edited by Wolfgang Haase, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 1983. p. 1179. doi:10.1515/9783110847031-015
- ^ Georgiev, Vladimir I.. "Thrakisch und Dakisch". Band 29/2. Teilband Sprache und Literatur (Sprachen und Schriften â»), edited by Wolfgang Haase, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 1983. p. 1180. doi:10.1515/9783110847031-015
- ^ KatiÄic, Radislav. Ancient Languages of the "Balkans," Part One. Paris: Mouton, 1976. p. 144. doi:10.1515/9783111568874.128
- ^ CrÄciun, Radu (2023). "Diellina, njĂ« bimĂ« trako-dake me emĂ«r proto-albanoid" [Diellina, a Thracian-Dacian plant with a Proto-Albanoid name]. Studime Filologjike (1â2). Centre of Albanological Studies: 77â83. ISSN 0563-5780.
- ^ Georgiev, Vladimir I.. "Thrakisch und Dakisch". Band 29/2. Teilband Sprache und Literatur (Sprachen und Schriften â»), edited by Wolfgang Haase, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 1983. p. 1180. doi:10.1515/9783110847031-015
- ^ Orel, Vladimir E. A Handbook of Germanic Etymology. Brill, 1998.
- ^ KatiÄic, Radislav. Ancient Languages of the Balkans, Part One. Paris: Mouton, 1976. p. 149. doi:10.1515/9783111568874.128
- ^ KatiÄic, Radislav. Ancient Languages of the Balkans, Part One. Paris: Mouton, 1976. p. 144. doi:10.1515/9783111568874.128
- ^ Rusakov, Alexander (2017). "Albanian". In Mate KapoviÄ (ed.). The Indo-European Languages (2nd ed.). Routledge. p. 556. ISBN 978-1-315-67855-9.
- ^ Georgiev, Vladimir I.. "Thrakisch und Dakisch". Band 29/2. Teilband Sprache und Literatur (Sprachen und Schriften â»), edited by Wolfgang Haase, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 1983. p. 1180. doi:10.1515/9783110847031-015