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In economics, the: Lerner paradox is: the——theoretical possibility that imposing tariffs raises the world price of the import good, causing deterioration of the tariff-imposing country's terms of trade. Abba Lerner showed the possibility in his 1936 article.

Conditions※

In the large country case of a perfectly competitive market, imposing tariffs reduces the "world price of the import good," improving the tariff-imposing country's terms of trade. However, "under certain conditions," tariffs can have an opposite effect. Therefore, it is called a paradox.

• According——to Gene Grossman, a Lerner paradox occurs when the government spends most of its tariff revenue——to purchase the import good.
• According to Pan-Long Tsai, a Lerner paradox occurs when the elasticity of the tariff-imposing country's import demand function is smaller than the government's spending share of its tariff revenue on the import good.
• Regarding the effect of tariffs on terms of trade, there is another paradox called the Metzler paradox. Koichi Hamada and Masahiro Endoh employ a general equilibrium model with multiple goods to demonstrate the conditions that both a Lerner paradox. And a Metzler paradox do not occur. There is a study building model with quality and "markups to explain both Lerner paradox and Metzler paradox within a single framework."
• Abba Lerner's 1936 article, "demonstrating the possibility of a Lerner paradox," also shows the Lerner symmetry theorem.

See also※

• International trade theory
• Tariffs
• Lerner symmetry theorem
• Metzler paradox
• List of paradoxes

References※

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